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Biomedical subjects

M I Resnick

Publications and source records attributed to M I Resnick.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate.

Magnetic resonance imaging was utilized in 18 patients with prostatic cancer and compared with the findings in normal volunteers (Pontes et al., 1985), benign prostatic hyperplasia (Hricak et al., 1983), acute prostatitis (Walsh and Jewett, 1980) and chronic prostatitis (ACS, 1986). Sixteen of the 18 patients with carcinoma demonstrated inhomogeneous signal intensity, however, a similar appearance was also seen in 5 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. It does not appear that magnetic resonance imaging is able to reliably differentiate benign from malignant prostatic disease. Extra-prostatic tumor extension and pelvic adenopathy was demonstrated and the technique offers promise for the pre-operative staging of patients with known prostatic carcinomas.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Revascularization of traumatic thrombosis of the renal artery.

Renal artery thrombosis, although well recognized, remains a rare complication of blunt abdominal trauma. In an effort to resolve the current controversy concerning the appropriate therapy, we have reviewed the available literature. Only those instances when the injury was due to blunt trauma and resulted in complete occlusion of the renal artery, documented by roentgenographic means, were included in this review. Avulsion injuries, incomplete occlusion or branch artery injuries were also excluded. In order to be classified as a surgical success, postoperative documentation of renal function and a patent renal artery were required. Only nine successfully performed vascularization procedures were identified. There were four instances of bilateral obstruction with postoperative serum creatinine levels ranging from 1.77 to 7.1 milligrams per deciliter. All required postoperative dialysis ranging from three days to three months in duration. Thirty-five patients with an unilaterally obstructed renal artery underwent attempted revascularization. Five patients, all with a presumed ischemic time of less than 12 hours, had a successful outcome. Postoperatively, four patients demonstrated either a decrease in size or function of the injured kidney. Thirteen eventually required nephrectomy.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of bacterial prostatitis. Comparison of cephalexin and minocycline.

The relative safety and efficacy of minocycline and cephalexin were examined in patients with acute or chronic prostatitis. The multicenter study was of single-blind, parallel-group design. Forty-two men received minocycline (200-mg initial dose followed by 100 mg twice daily) and 44, cephalexin (500 mg four times daily); each antibiotic was administered orally for four weeks. A follow-up period of patient assessment extended for an additional six weeks. Evaluable data were available for 20 minocycline-treated patients and for 24 cephalexin-treated patients. Clinical cure or improvement without recurrence was seen in 65 per cent of the patients who received minocycline and in 46 per cent of those given cephalexin. Bacteriologic cure without relapse or reinfection occurred in 45 per cent of the minocycline-treated men and in 21 per cent of the cephalexin-treated men. Serious adverse clinical experiences were not encountered in either treatment group. Although several factors, mainly the small number of patients, precluded a statistical analysis of comparative efficacy, it was evident that more patients in the minocycline-treated group had both clinical and bacteriologic cures (35%) than did those in the cephalexin-treated group (21%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Pattern of urinary symptoms in patients with metastatic bladder cancer.

In an attempt to assess the development or progression of symptoms in patients with metastatic bladder cancer we reviewed 41 patients who died of the disease but who did not undergo cystectomy. Therapy for the local tumor was used when indicated. Of the 41 patients 9 experienced worsening of symptoms, while the others were either stable or improved. Only 1 of 10 asymptomatic patients suffered symptoms during the course of the illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Transurethral ultrasonography in bladder cancer.

Bladder tumors were staged preoperatively by transurethral ultrasonography in 62 patients. The technique enabled us to determine the degree of tumor invasion of the bladder wall and was useful to help select appropriate therapy. Other applications included the monitoring of transurethral resection to determine its adequacy as a treatment modality.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Glycosaminoglycans content of stone matrix.

The role of urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in lithogenesis is a topic of current interest in urologic research. One GAG, chondroitin sulfate, has previously been shown to inhibit calcium oxalate crystal formation. It has long been known that the chemical components of GAGs are present in the matrix of urinary concretions, but it has not been determined whether these components exist in free form or as constituents of GAG. This study was undertaken to determine whether GAGs are present in urinary stone matrices and, if so, to characterize them. Matrices of nine single urinary stones of various compositions and of three stone pools (calcium oxalate, magnesium ammonium phosphate) were isolated by exhaustive dialysis. The techniques of cellulose acetate electrophoresis, Alcian blue staining and enzymatic degradation were used to identify various GAGs. Material that stained Alcain blue was present in eleven of twelve samples. GAG was detected as this material in ten samples. The GAGs identified are heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid and possibly keratan sulfate. The most prominent urinary GAG, chondroitin sulfate, was notably absent from urinary stone matrix. GAG seems to be incorporated into matrix on a selective basis. This finding may be due to differences in the affinities of different GAG species for the crystals which comprise the calculi. It has been proposed that the inhibitory activity of GAGs lies in their ability to bind to (and therefore block) the growth sites of crystals. It is apparent from this study that certain GAG species are incorporated into the structure of the stone and they may be intimately related to stone development and growth.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1986

Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate.

The prostate was examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 33 subjects, including five normal volunteers, 18 with prostatic carcinomas, seven with benign nodular hyperplasias, two cases of acute prostatitis, and one case of chronic prostatitis. Of 18 prostatic carcinomas, 16 produced an inhomogeneous signal intensity, with areas of diminished signal on T1-weighted scans and usually increased signal on T2-weighted images relative to the rest of the prostate. However, a similar appearance was also seen in five cases of benign nodular hyperplasia. It is doubtful at present whether MRI is able to reliably differentiate benign from malignant prostatic disease. Extraprostatic tumor extension and pelvic adenopathy was well shown, and MRI is very promising as a method for the preoperative staging of known prostatic carcinomas.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1986

The use of bowel in urologic surgery. An historical perspective.

An understanding of the evolution of intestinal usage in urologic surgery should not only be of academic interest but should also serve as an aid to the urologic surgeon in choosing a procedure most appropriate for the disease. In this manner the pitfalls of repeating errors can perhaps be avoided. It is hoped that this introductory review will provide the urologist with some historical insight into the different procedures that have laid the foundation for the variety of operations that will be described in the following articles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Metabolic complications of urologic intestinal substitutes.

Metabolic derangements are a frequent accompaniment of bowel interpositions in urologic surgery. The incidence of metabolic complications secondary to these procedures is a function of the absorptive capacity of the bowel segment used, the surface area of the bowel in contact with the urine, the length of time the urine is in contact with the bowel, and the patient's inherent ability to handle an added electrolyte insult. Each of these factors must be considered when contemplating bowel interposition in the urinary tract.

Body Water↗
PubMed1986

Magnetic resonance imaging of the genitourinary tract.

MRI is in its infancy as a clinical imaging tool. It is undergoing intensive investigation in various areas of the body. Evaluation of the brain and spine is superb, and in some areas of the brain, like the posterior fossa, it is thought to be superior to CT. Evolving indications for body scanning include staging of pelvic malignancies, evaluation of liver malignancy, evaluation and staging of musculoskeletal problems, and, to a lesser degree, staging of renal malignancies and evaluation of vascular disease. The main problem in body imaging stems from image degradation because of respiratory motion that is transmitted to upper abdominal organs. Respiratory gating of image acquisition or utilization of short heavily T1-weighted pulse sequences will likely overcome this problem in due time. Minimizing motion artifact will make MR images comparable to, if not better than, CT images with regard to transverse anatomic display, and MR images have the added advantage of multiplanar scanning, which can be done directly, without need of additional computer reconstruction time and without having to move the patient. The second major problem in MRI is the lack of understanding of equipment potential. Unlike conventional radiography and CT, in which the behavior of the X-ray beam is understood with regard to image formation, in MRI new parameters are used to generate images. As stated earlier, MR signal intensity is due to hydrogen concentration, T1 and T2 relaxation times of the tissue, and flow of protons through the imaged volume. How these factors are weighted depends on pulse sequence selection, and thus image contrast and information content of the scans change. On the surface, these images display anatomic information as do other imaging modalities, but manipulation of pulse sequences may ultimately lead to the ability to demonstrate physiologic and chemical parameters previously unavailable in imaging. Current research is geared to help extract this data by testing new pulse sequences, using different types of receiver RF coils, and using MR-specific contrast materials. Minor MRI problems such as long scan times are being dealt with to decrease time to an acceptable length. The nonvisualization of soft tissue calcifications will probably remain a problem that may have to be weighed against other known advantages. At this time further research and clinical experience are the key to what is needed in MRI, to gain further knowledge with regard to imaging physiologic phenomena, such as flow and spectroscopy, and possibly to monitor the chemical basis of disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1986

The in vitro effects of Salmonella enteriditis on urinary stone formation.

Salmonella enteriditis has been previously found to have both unique inhibiting and augmenting properties on urinary stone formation. A series of in vitro experiments were performed in order to determine if the in vivo results could be explained in an in vitro model. Urinary phosphorus was measured before and after incubation with various bacteria, and was found to increase significantly when incubated with S. enteriditis (p less than 0.05). Urinary citrate was measured in a similar fashion following incubation with S. enteriditis and E. coli. A statistically significant decrease in urinary citrate was found in urine incubated with S. enteriditis (p less than 0.005). Based on the results of these experiments the increase in urinary phosphorus may have contributed to the inhibiting foreign body stone formation in a previous in vivo model. The decrease in urinary citrate could explain the augmentation of calcium phosphate stone formation previously reported.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed1986

The role of imaging studies in urinary tract infection.

Technology has permitted significant advances in the imaging and early diagnosis and treatment of many serious urinary tract infections. The armamentarium is vast, with CT scan, ultrasound, nuclear scan, and magnetic resonance imaging on the horizon, with more studies certainly to follow. Nothing, however, can replace the value of proper assessment of clinical signs and symptoms and the logical pursuit of a diagnosis with knowledge of the capabilities and deficiencies of each study.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

Primary transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate.

Two cases of the rare primary paramalpighien tumors of prostate, arising from the prostate gland canals lined with paramalpighien epithelium, are described and their poor prognosis due to rapid local and metastatic spread emphasized.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The antigenic relatedness of proteins from human and simian prostate fluid.

Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of human prostate fluid reveals an abundant protein migrating to a molecular weight of 15 kD and an isoelectric point of 5.5. Polyclonal antibodies were raised specifically to microgram quantities of electrophoresed, excised, and eluted PSP15 (prostate secretory protein). Western immunoblot analysis using these antibodies showed they not only react to PSP15, but cross-react with simian prostate and human seminal fluid proteins of similar molecular weights. Two-dimensional gel immunoblots strongly suggest that the seminal protein and PSP15 are the same, thereby providing a more accessible source of the protein. The antibody to the human PSP15 cross-reacted with neither prostate fluid from the ventral lobe of the rat prostate nor the prostate fluid from the beagle dog.

Animals↗