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Biomedical subjects

M I Perel'man

Publications and source records attributed to M I Perel'man.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Video-assisted techniques in phthisiosurgery].

Ten years' experience in applying video-assisted techniques to surgery of pulmonary tuberculosis is generalized. For surgical diagnosis and treatment, a total of 465 patients underwent the following procedures: video-assisted thoracoscopy (n = 133), video-assisted open mini-invasive thoracotomies (n = 117), and mediastinoscopy (n = 215). The main indications for 250 video-assisted thoracoscopic operations were exudative pleuritis or pleural empyema, disseminated lesions to or round masses in the lung of unknown genesis, restrictive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. After video-assisted thoracoscopic operations, complications were stated in 3.6% of cases; there were no deaths. The accumulated experience has shown that video-assisted thoracoscopy is of relatively limited utility. It is most effective in diagnosing pleuritis and disseminated lung lesions of unknown etiology. Video-assisted mini-invasive operations combine many advantages of open and endosurgical interventions. They may find more extensive use in the surgical treatment of different forms of pulmonary and pleural tuberculosis. In 215 patients, the indication for mediastinoscopy was intrathoracic lymph nodal abnormality of unknown genesis. Specimens for morphological studies were obtained in all cases, which promoted timely diagnosis and definition of treatment policy. Complications were observed in 1.4% of cases; no deaths were seen. Video-assisted mediasthinoscopy has been applied in the past 3 years. This endosurgical technique is technologically new, has a high resolution, and deserves wide use in thoracic surgery.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed2006

[Surgical treatment for tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes in children and adolescents].

Ninety-four children and adolescents with tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (TITLN) were operated on. Late diagnosis and long-term ineffective antituberculous therapy (chemotherapy lasted 2-3 years in 29.8% and 4-5 years in 19.1%) lead to the occurrence of complicated forms of TITLN in 34% of children. Computed tomography (CT) reliably determines the extent, site, and phase of a tuberculous process, assesses the time course of changes in the efficiency of antituberculous therapy. CT aids in defining the optimal time of surgical interventions. Bilateral consecutive one-stage removal of affected lymph nodes is possible in children with bilateral TITLN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Optimization of tuberculosis complex chemotherapy with the use of moxifloxacin].

It was shown in vitro that moxifloxacin by its activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (susceptible and resistant to the main antituberculosis agents) was highly superior to lomefloxacin (by 2 to 4 times by the MIC and by 4 times by the MBC). In murine lung tissue culture the highest effect was observed with the use of moxifloxacin in combination with isoniazid and pirazinamide. The efficacy of the regimens with the use of moxifloxacin was estimated in the treatment of 152 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosticated for the first time. The use of moxifloxacin was shown to be most advantageous in complex therapy of patients with extended and progressive tuberculosis due to polyresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains or patients with concomitant nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tracts due to a great variety of grampositive and gramnegative organisms, acid fact bacteria, atypical bacteria and a great variety of anaerobes. The tolerance of the treatment regimens with the use of moxifloxacin was mainly satisfactory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[The use of discrete characters in discriminant analysis for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and for classification of patients differing in treatment efficiency based on polymorphisms at nine codominant loci-HP, GC, TF, PI, PGM1, GLO1, C3, ACP1 and ESD].

Discriminant analysis was used to differentiate patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (N = 106) from healthy individuals (N = 328) and patients whose treatment was efficient (N = 71) from those whose treatment was inefficient (N = 35). The analysis involved the data on nine polymorphic codominant loci: HP, GC, TF, PI, PGM1, GLO1, C3, ACP1, and ESD. The loci were selected by significance of differences in genotype frequencies between tuberculosis patients and healthy controls (GC, TF, PI, C3, ACP1) or between the two groups of patients differing in treatment efficiency (HP, GC, PI, PGM1, C3, ESD). Discrimination was based on a graphic method of Bayes classification procedure with a single-variate nomograph allowing easy estimation of the a posteriori probabilities for an individual to be classified. The two groups of patients proved to be discriminated sufficiently well (probability of misclassification Perr = 0.24), whereas discrimination between tuberculosis patients and healthy individuals was less efficient (Perr = 0.33). The method was proposed as a means of predicting the efficiency of treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis. Along with clinical, roentgenological, and laboratory examination, discriminant analysis may be employed as an accessory test in diagnostics of pulmonary tuberculosis, especially when the diagnosis is questionable.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Heterozygosity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis showing varying responses to therapy].

The distribution of the levels of heterozygosity was analyzed by 9 loci of genetic markers: PI, TF, PGM1, ACPI, HP, GC, GLO1 C3, and ESD in two groups of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who had improvements (Group 1, n = 71) and failures (Group 2, n = 35). The heterozygosity observed in the groups was compared with that calculated by the Hardy-Weinberg law by using data on healthy controls (n = 328; the locus ESD was investigated in 78 healthy individuals). The analysis indicated that there were statistically significant deviations of the observed heterozygosities, g1, at 4 loci (GC, PI, C3, and ACPI) from the expected ones; h1 calculated from the data in the control group. The observed heterozygisities were higher than the expected ones at 3 loci (PI, C3, and ACPI), and at the GC locus. the observed heterozygosity being lower than the expected one. Comparing the observed heterozygosities. g1, within the loci, by using Fisher's exact test revealed significant differences between the groups of patients and healthy controls at the same loci, which showed significant differences between the observed and expected heterozygosities. There were no differences between the groups of patients by the observed heterozygosities. The mean expected heterozygosity were h = 0.386 +/- 0.056. The mean observed heterozygosity, were g = 0.415 +/- 0.037, 0.402 +/- 0.061, 0.371 +/- 0.055 in Groups 1 and 2 and in the controls, respectively. There were no differences between the mean expected and obsorved heterozygosities or between the mean observed heterozygosities in the three groups under study. It is proposed that a single locus rather than the mean heterozygosities should be used as a generalized nonspecific measure of genetic control over diseases while the former can show the involvement of a specific marker locus to develop a disease, the latter can simply veil the effects of each of the loci alone. Thus, the findings produce strong evidence for that there is a genetic control in the development of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Genetic Carrier Screening↗
PubMed2002

[Glutoxim in the complex treatment of tuberculosis].

Results of Glutoxim investigation are presented. Glutoxim is the the drug of the new class--thiopoietins. It is considered to be immunorehabilitator as it modulates intracellular process of thiols metabolism, initiates cytokins system, activates phagocytosis etc. Results of the glutoxim administration at the 42 patients with tuberculosis using traditional treatment regimes are presented. Results of the randomized study at the patients with severe disseminated drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis demonstrated high efficacy of the glutoxim and its good tolerability. Glutoxim administration allowed to shorten the period of tuberculosis intoxication signs disappearance, to shorten the period of sputum negativation and shortened the period of pulmonary inflammation reverse process. Glutoxim application was specially favorable at the patients with severe tuberculosis complicated by viral or medicamental hepatitis.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of glutoxim in the combination with antitubercular agents of the second choice on the growth of drug resistant Mycobacteria tuberculosis in the cultured murine lung tissue].

It was demonstrated that glutoxim combination with second line drugs for tuberculosis treatment (cycloserine + rifabutine, cycloserine + protionamide) provided statistically significant decrease of intracellular mycobacteria growth in the murine lung tissue culture. The decrease rate when compared to the control group was 3-5 times. The investigated Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain was isolated from the patient and was multi-drug resistant (MDR). Glutoxim addition to the second line drugs combinations provided also decrease of the MDR bacteria microcolonies growth in the lung tissue culture. Glutoxim combination with second line antituberculosis drugs allowed to keep vitality and functional activity of lung tissue cells.

Animals↗