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Biomedical subjects

M I Marks

Publications and source records attributed to M I Marks.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Cefoperazone pharmacokinetics in acute childhood meningitis.

We studied the serum pharmacokinetics and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of cefoperazone in 15 children with acute meningitis. Mean cefoperazone concentrations of 117 micrograms/ml in the serum and 3.8 micrograms/ml in the cerebrospinal fluid were noted 2 hours after a single 100 mg/kg dose. Following multiple 50 or 100 mg/kg doses, the mean peak serum cefoperazone concentrations were 232 and 498 micrograms/ml, respectively, with an overall mean elimination phase half-life of 2.12 hours. The data best fit a linear, two-compartment model. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations 1.5 to 2.5 hours after the end of cefoperazone infusions ranged from 1.4 to 19.2 micrograms/ml for all doses and states of illness. This represented 1.2% to 6.4% of simultaneous serum values. The cerebrospinal fluid inhibitory titer was greater than or equal to 1:16 in 17 of 18 specimens tested against a strain of Haemophilus influenzae type b resistant to both chloramphenicol and ampicillin. In the doses given, cefoperazone produces adequate cerebrospinal fluid concentrations and bioactivity to treat the common bacterial forms of acute meningitis in infants and children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Neonatal sepsis and meningitis due to alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus.

We have reported a case of septicemia and meningitis due to alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus in a 5-day-old infant. The microbiologic and clinical characteristics of neonatal infection with this organism lead us to conclude that this bacterium can be pathogenic in the newborn and should not be dismissed as a contaminant.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ringworm resulting from swimming with a polyurethane cast.

A case of ringworm of the arm is described in a 6-year-old child, after swimming with a polyurethane cast. This report illustrates a potential problem when these casts are inadequately dried and worn for prolonged periods in warm climates. Accurate diagnosis depends on demonstration of fungus in the lesion by smear and culture. Topical antifungal therapy led to rapid resolution.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1983

In vitro activity of CI-919 (AT-2266), an oral antipseudomonal compound.

We tested CI-919 (AT-2266), a nalidixic acid analog, against 555 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, using microbroth or agar dilution methods. The activity of CI-919 was compared with those of cephalosporins, tobramycin, ticarcillin, dicloxacillin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of CI-919 for 90% of isolates were (in micrograms per milliliter): Pseudomonas spp. (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa), 4.0; Enterobacteriaceae, 0.5; Staphylococcus spp., 2.0; Haemophilus influenzae, 0.12; Campylobacter jejuni, 0.12; and enterococci, 16. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of CI-919 for 90% of 82 tobramycin-resistant, gram-negative strains was 4.0 micrograms/ml. CI-919 was bactericidal for most isolates, showing no cross-resistance with unrelated antimicrobial agents, and was stable for 11 weeks at temperatures ranging from 22 to -70 degrees C. Inoculum size and media pH had little effect on the antibacterial activity of CI-919 for nine strains tested. CI-919 may be useful as an oral antibiotic for the treatment of infections due to diverse bacteria, including P. aeruginosa.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Effect of inoculum size on Haemophilus influenzae type b susceptibility to new and conventional antibiotics.

Thirty-three Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates, including beta-lactamase acetyltransferase-positive strains, were tested by microtiter broth dilution for susceptibility to eight beta-lactam compounds and chloramphenicol. All antibiotics except ampicillin and chloramphenicol were highly bactericidal against all isolates at an inoculum of 10(5) CFU/ml. However, at an inoculum of 10(5) CFU/ml, the minimal bactericidal concentrations of all drugs except ceftriaxone were above levels usually achievable in cerebrospinal fluid. Results of time-kill studies confirmed this inoculum effect. In vivo studies are needed to test the clinical impact of these observations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Haemophilus influenzae b bacteremia and meningitis in infant rabbits after intranasal inoculation.

A suitable model of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis will facilitate better understanding of the pathophysiology, therapy, and prevention of the disease and its sequelae. Bacteremia and meningitis were induced in infant New Zealand white rabbits by intranasal inoculation of H. influenzae type b. Intranasal trypsin prior to challenge significantly increased (p = 0.002) the rate of bacteremia from 64% (7/11) to 100% (45/45). In the trypsin-treated group, H. influenzae b was isolated from the CSF of 89% (25/28) of 17- to 21-day-old rabbits and from 76% (13/17) of 23- to 30-day-old animals, p = 0.3; fatality rates were 88% and 31%, respectively, p = 0.001. Bacteremia developed within 24 hr of inoculation and meningitis within 96 hr. Death occurred 1 to 7 days after the development of meningitis. Histologic evidence of nasopharyngitis and meningitis was found at autopsy. The intranasal route of infection, the age-dependent outcome, the size of the animal, and its low cost and availability make the infant rabbit an appropriate model of H. influenzae b meningitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Prevalence of Chlamydial antibodies in children.

Humoral antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis was determined in 820 infants and children. Of 120 newborns, 63 (52.5%) had indirect immunofluorescence titers of 1:8 or more to C trachomatis (L-2 strain) in the cord blood. Among the 700 infants and children, a progressive increase in seropositivity was observed: 5% for 1- to 2-years-olds, 25% for 3- to 6-year-olds, and 43% for 7- to 15-year-olds. Seropositivity rates were not related to sex or race; however, significantly higher titers were observed in female compared with male subjects and in blacks compared with whites. These data suggest that C trachomatis infection occurs commonly in children. The nature of the illness, if any, preceding seroconversion is unknown and needs to be elucidated.

Adolescent↗