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Biomedical subjects

M Hussein

Publications and source records attributed to M Hussein.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Campylobacter jejuni: unusual cause of cholecystitis with lithiasis. Case report and literature review.

A 51-year-old man presented with acute cholecystitis and the routine intraoperative culture of the bile grew Campylobacter jejuni. The patient was cured by laparoscopic cholecystectomy without specific antimicrobial treatment. Cholecystitis owing to Campylobacter spp. could be missed because a culture for Campylobacter is not routinely requested nor is it cost effective to look for it in bile or gallbladder specimens. Moreover, the fastidious nature of these bacteria dictates against their recovery in routine culture. Because this is a rare infection at this site, a review of the literature on this infection is included.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMed2002

Kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteolytic vertebral compression fractures as a result of multiple myeloma.

PURPOSE: We prospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteolytic vertebral compression fractures resulting from multiple myeloma. The principle symptoms in multiple myeloma result from bone destruction, especially the spine. Kyphoplasty is a new technique that involves the introduction of inflatable bone tamps (IBT) into the vertebral body. The purpose of the IBT is to restore the vertebral body back toward its original height, while creating a cavity that can be filled with highly viscous bone cement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-five consecutive kyphoplasty procedures were performed in 18 patients with osteolytic vertebral compression fractures resulting from multiple myeloma. Cement leakage and any complications were recorded. Early objective analysis was made by comparing preoperative and latest Short Form 36 Health Survey scores. Height restoration was estimated by measuring vertebral height on lateral radiographs. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 63.5 years, mean duration of symptoms was 11 months, and mean follow-up was 7.4 months. There were no major complications related directly to use of this technique. On average, 34% of height lost at the time of fracture was restored. Asymptomatic cement leakage occurred at two (4%) of 55 levels. Significant improvement in SF36 scores occurred for Bodily Pain (23.2 to 55.4, P =.0008), Physical Function (21.3 to 50.6, P =.0010), Vitality (31.3 to 47.5, P =.010), and Social Functioning (40.6 to 64.8, P =.014). CONCLUSION: Kyphoplasty was efficacious in the treatment of osteolytic vertebral compression fractures resulting from multiple myeloma. Kyphoplasty is associated with early clinical improvement of pain and function as well as some restoration of vertebral body height.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Apo2L/TRAIL and Bcl-2-related proteins regulate type I interferon-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma.

It has been reported that interferons (IFNs) may have antitumor activity in multiple myeloma (MM). The mechanism for their effect on MM, however, remains elusive. This study shows that IFN-alpha and -beta, but not -gamma, induce apoptosis characterized by Annexin V positivity, nuclear fragmentation and condensation, and loss of clonogenicity in 3 MM cell lines (U266, RPMI-8266, and NCI-H929), and in plasma cells from 10 patients with MM. Apo2 ligand (Apo2L, also TRAIL) induction was one of the earliest events following IFN administration in U266 cells. Treatment of these cells with TRAIL, but not with Fas agonistic antibodies, induces apoptosis. Cell death induced by IFNs and Apo2L in U266 cells was partially blocked by a dominant-negative Apo2L receptor, DR5, demonstrating the functional significance of Apo2L induction. This study shows that IFNs activate caspases and the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway, possibly mediated by Apo2L production. Thus, IFN-alpha and -beta induce cytochrome c release from mitochondria starting at 12 hours, with an amplified release seen at 48 hours. Moreover, Bid cleavage precedes the initial cytochrome c release, whereas the late, amplified cytochrome c release coincides with changes in levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), and reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential. These results link the Apo2L induction and modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins to mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, IFNs and Apo2L induce cell death of CD38(+)/CD45(-/dim) plasma cells, without significant effect on nonplasma blood cells, in a caspase and Bcl-2 cleavage-dependent manner. These results warrant further clinical studies with IFNs and Apo2L in MM.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2001

The Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET): design and general baseline characteristics.

The Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET) is a multicenter, randomized, double-masked, controlled clinical trial evaluating whether there is a difference in the progression of myopia between children wearing progressive addition lenses (PALs) versus conventional single vision lenses (SVLs), as measured by cycloplegic autorefraction. Axial length, measured by A-scan ultrasonography, is an additional outcome measure. To meet the recruitment goal of 450 participants, eligible children ages 6-11 years (inclusive) with myopia in both eyes (spherical equivalent between -1.25 diopters (D) and -4.50 D, astigmatism < or = 1.50 D, and anisometropia < 1.00 D) were recruited at four clinical centers between September 1997 and September 1998. Children who participated were assigned to receive PALs (Varilux Comfort with a +2.00 D addition) or SVLs. Measures include standardized cycloplegic autorefraction (Nidek ARK700A autorefractor), axial length (Sonomed A2500 ultrasound), subjective refraction (Marco TRS system), visual acuity (modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol), accommodation (Canon R-1), and phoria (cover test and Maddox rod). Outcome measures are collected annually; adherence is assessed and prescriptions updated semiannually. Participants are being followed for at least 3 years. COMET enrolled 469 children. Their mean age is 9.3 years (range 6-11 years); 52% are female. COMET children are ethnically diverse, according to a self-report with 46% White, 26% African American, 14% Hispanic, and 8% Asian. Best-corrected visual acuity is better than 20/32 in both eyes. Baseline mean (+/-SD) cycloplegic refractive correction is -2.38 D (+/-0.81) in the right eye and -2.40 D (+/-0.82) in the left eye; mean (+/-SD) axial length is 24.1 mm (+/-0.7) in both eyes. Follow-up of these children will provide a first step in answering the important question of whether there are effective means to slow myopia progression. Study results should be applicable to a large proportion of children with myopia. The study will also provide useful information on myopia progression in children wearing conventional single vision lenses.

Child↗
PubMed2001

[Variable response to the biological inhibition of platelets by abciximab in patients subjected to percutaneous coronary angioplasty].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Abciximab has been shown to reduce the risk of thrombotic complications during coronary angioplasty, however there are still many aspects to be resolved. The aim of this study was to investigate the various biological effects of abciximab on platelets during coronary angioplasty. METHODS: The degree of platelet inhibition (with 5 and 20 mol/l concentrations of ADP), occlusion time (measurement of platelet haemostatic capacity, PFA-100), and the platelet activation markers were determined in 15 patients who underwent basal coronary angioplasty and abciximab treatment. Determinations were obtained before, 15 minutes after procedure initiation, at procedure termination, and 24 hours after procedure termination. RESULTS: More than 80% platelet aggregation inhibition was observed in 13 patients during the procedure, but after 24 hours (p < 0.05) was only detected in two. The occlusion time during the procedure was > 300 sec. in 13 patients, 6 of whom evolved to normal values after 24 hours (p < 0.05). A high correlation (p = 0.02) was found between these two parameters during the intervention, but not after 24 hours. No platelet inhibition or occlusion time changes were observed in 2 patients during the study. The expression of p-selectin increased significantly during the procedure (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The variability of platelet function inhibition and existence of circulating activation during coronary angioplasty following the administration of abciximab support the use of early analytical controls with the objective of modifying guidelines for use in order to optimize its effect or to combine it with other antithrombotic agents.

Abciximab↗
PubMed2001

Limited ovarian stimulation (LOS), prevents the recurrence of severe forms of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in polycystic ovarian disease.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to test the possibility that LOS could be used to avoid the risk of occurrence of severe OHSS in PCOD patients with past history of severe OHSS in their previous IVF treatment. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study, with patients stood as their own controls. Twenty patients with history of severe OHSS in their previous IVF treatment were included in the study. The patients received LOS cycles during the six months period commencing January 1998, a full dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (10,000 IU) was administered when the leading follicle reached a mean diameter of 12 mm, and oocytes retrieval 36 h later was followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and embryo transfer. Signs and symptoms of severe OHSS were recorded. RESULTS: All patients produced mature oocytes, achieved fertilisation and eight clinical pregnancies were diagnosed. None of the patients re-experienced the symptoms of severe OHSS, and none required hospitalisation. CONCLUSION: We confirm that, in the studied group of patients, LOS helped in the prevention of the severe forms of OHSS in PCOD patients with past history of severe OHSS.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2001

Chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia in the elderly with cytarabine, mitoxantrone, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Remission induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia typically combines cytarabine with an anthracycline or anthracycline derivative. To date, no specific combination has emerged as more efficacious than any other. To reduce toxicity and shorten the duration of neutropenia, hematopoietic growth factors are often added to the chemotherapy regimen, especially in elderly patients. In all prospective, randomized, growth factor trials to date, daunorubicin has been the drug selected for combination with cytarabine. We hypothesized that mitoxantrone might be as efficacious in this patient population with perhaps less toxicity when combined with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Patients older than age 55 years with a diagnosis of either de novo or secondary, untreated acute myelogenous leukemia were eligible for this clinical trial. Eligible patients were treated with cytarabine 100 mg/m2 infused as a continuous infusion daily for 7 days and mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 bolus intravenously for the first 3 days of cytarabine. A second cycle of chemotherapy was administered on the fourteenth day of treatment if marrow aplasia was not achieved with the first cycle. Once aplasia was achieved, GM-CSF 250 microg/m2 was given subcutaneously daily until neutrophil recovery. Those patients who achieved complete remission were treated with two cycles of intermediate-dose cytarabine (400 mg/m2 daily for 5 days) and with GM-CSF as consolidation therapy. Of the 30 patients treated, the median age was 69 years (range: 55-76 years) and 18 patients were older than 65 years of age. Seven (23%) patients had secondary acute leukemia and 12 (40%) had poor-risk cytogenetics. Nineteen (63%) achieved a complete remission. Eleven patients were either refractory to treatment or died during their treatment. The toxicity encountered was no more than that reported in similar studies using daunorubicin in combination with cytarabine. Long-term survival was poor, with a median disease-free survival of only 8.1 months in patients who achieved complete remission. In this elderly population of patients with high-risk acute myelogenous leukemia, this combination of cytarabine, mitoxantrone, and GM-CSF resulted in an adequate remission rate with acceptable toxicity. Long-term survival, however, was poor and innovative treatment approaches to maintain remission are needed.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Factor analysis, including antihypertensive medication, of the outcome of pregnancy in pregnancy-associated hypertension.

AIM: To study the influence of different maternal factors, including antihypertensive medication, on the outcome of pregnancy in primi- and multiparas with pregnancy-associated hypertension. METHODS: A retrospective, multiple-variate analysis was undertaken of the influence of several maternal factors, including antihypertensive medication, on fetal death and Apgar scores and the correlation between the medication and the number of caesarean sections in 127 episodes of pregnancy-associated hypertension was studied for the whole group as well as for primi- and multiparas separately. Of the multiparas, 40.8% had a history of preeclampsia, 19.7% of chronic hypertension and 9.2% of diabetes mellitus. Antihypertensive treatment aimed at achieving a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg. Forty-one patients (32.3%) received intravenous hydralazine, 25 (19.7%) received nifedipine per os and 44 (34.6%) received labetalol per os. RESULTS: The maximum systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the patients given intravenous hydralazine, nifedipine per os or labetalol per os did not differ, whereas in the multiparas, the number of patients who reached the target blood pressure while using labetalol was higher than with the two other medications, especially in comparison with intravenous hydralazine. For the primiparas, the time of delivery was the only factor with a significant impact on the Apgar scores. In the multiparas, there was an additional negative influence of the use of intravenous hydralazine. This was not seen in the patients using nifedipine and labetalol. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that in multiparas, intravenous hydralazine is possibly associated with more fetal distress when compared to primiparas.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2001

Tropicamide (1%): an effective cycloplegic agent for myopic children.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the cycloplegic effect of 1% tropicamide in myopic children and to determine whether its efficacy is associated with age, gender, iris color, ethnicity, magnitude of the refractive error, or latent error. METHODS: Four hundred sixty-nine children enrolled in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET; a multicenter, randomized, double-masked clinical trial evaluating the rate of progression of juvenile-onset myopia in children wearing progressive-addition versus single-vision lenses) were given 1 drop of proparacaine in each eye followed 1 minute later by 1 drop of 1% tropicamide and then a second drop of 1% tropicamide 4 to 6 minutes later. Five accommodative responses to 20/100 letters located at 4 m and 33 cm were obtained in each eye with an autorefractor, 20 minutes after the second drop. Residual accommodation was calculated as the difference between the mean spherical equivalent responses obtained at the two distances. An examiner graded iris color, and ethnicity was reported by the children's parents or guardians. RESULTS: The mean residual accommodation was small: 0.38 +/- 0.41 diopters (D) in the right eye and 0.30 +/- 0.41 D in the left eye. Small but statistically significant differences in residual accommodation were associated with ethnicity, but not with any of the other factors. CONCLUSIONS: Tropicamide (1%) is an effective cycloplegic agent in myopic children.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed2000

An improved procedure for the development of human mast cells from dispersed fetal liver cells in serum-free culture medium.

The in vitro development of human mast cells from fetal liver cells with recombinant human stem cell factor in serum-containing RPMI was compared to that in AIM-V media with and without serum. Compared to serum-containing media, AIM-V medium caused mast cells to develop earlier and in greater numbers. By 2 weeks, about 60% of cells in serum-free AIM-V medium were phenotypic mast cells, approximately 2 times the percentages in serum-containing media. By 6 weeks the percentages of mast cells were > or =80% under all conditions, but the number of mast cells was 3-4-fold greater in serum-free AIM-V medium than in serum-supplemented media. Mast cells obtained in serum-free AIM-V medium exhibited rounded nuclei, like tissue-derived mast cells; mast cells obtained in serum-supplemented media had segmented nuclei. By 10-12 weeks of culture about 40% of the AIM-V-derived cells showed strong chymase immunocytochemical staining, a pattern observed for only 14% of the cells in serum-containing media. AIM-V medium is a suitable medium for the development of human mast cells in vitro, and permits an earlier, more selective and greater expansion of mast cells than serum-containing media.

Cell Count↗
PubMed2000

HIV-1 subtype C in commerical sex workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

In this study, we have investigated the diversity of the current HIV-1 strains circulating in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; in addition, we have evaluated the applicability of peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) for HIV-1 subtyping. Previous studies have indicated that HIV-1 subtype C is the major subtype present in HIV-positive samples collected from various risk groups between 1988 and 1995 in Addis Ababa. To assess the possible influx of new HIV-1 subtypes, 150 commercial sex workers (CSW) reporting in 1997 to two Health Centers in Addis Ababa were enrolled in an unlinked anonymous cross-sectional study. Subtyping was performed according to the World Health Organization algorithm of peptide ELISA, followed by HMA and DNA sequencing. As a result, the HIV-1 prevalence among these CSWs was found to be 45% (67 of 150). Of the 67 samples, 66 contained HIV-1 of subtype C and only one was of subtype D. This confirms the persistent overall presence of HIV-1 subtype C in Addis Ababa and a low influx of other subtypes into this location.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Second-generation interferons for cancer: clinical targets.

IFNs were the first new therapeutic products resulting from recombinant DNA technology. IFNs were also the first human proteins effective in cancer treatment. There is however much to be discovered which will lead to new clinical applications. Areas which represent major research challenges for full understanding and application of the IFN system are: (i) the diversity of the IFN family; (ii) the role of induction; (iii) molecular mechanism of action; (iv) cellular modulatory effects; (v) advantages of combinations, and (vi) identification of new therapeutic indications. This review will emphasize the diversity of the IFN family and chemical modifications which will result in second-generation IFNs. Pre-clinical and clinical findings form the basis for new therapeutic directions in chronic myelogenous leukemia, lymphomas, myelomas, melanoma, urologic malignancies, primary brain tumors, and ovarian carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Author's reply

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Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

[Recurring invasive thymoma of the diaphragm].

Diaphragmatic recurrence of a thymoma is rare. We report the case of a 70-year-old woman who underwent transternal thymectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy, and who was admitted four years later with recurrence of the thymoma in the left hemidiaphragm with infiltration of the inferior ipsilateral pulmonary lobe. The thymoma was excised along with the left hemidiaphragm, chest wall and three ribs and an atypical segmentectomy of the left lower lobe was performed. The hemidiaphragm was reconstructed and the chest wall was repaired with synthetic mesh. Surgery was complemented with radiotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Limited ovarian stimulation results in the recovery of mature oocytes in polycystic ovarian disease patients: a preliminary report.

This pilot study including five patients, examined the feasibility of obtaining oocytes from partially stimulated ovarian follicles in patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD). We evaluated oocyte maturity, and fertilization potentials. The diagnosis of PCOD was based on ultrasound findings and endocrine criteria. The long protocol of pituitary ovarian axis down-regulation was used and follicles were stimulated with daily injections of human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG), until the mean diameter of the leading follicle reached 12 mm. A full dose of HCG (10000 I.U.) was administered and oocytes were collected 36 h later. The mean number of oocytes collected per patient was 12.6+/-4.9, the mean number of MII oocytes was 8.8+/-4.4, with fertilization rate of 70.5% following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). To our knowledge this is the first report in the literature documenting the recovery of mature oocytes following limited stimulation of the ovaries. The potentials of this novel approach open a new dimension in the management of patients with PCOD.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗