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Biomedical subjects

M Hurme

Publications and source records attributed to M Hurme.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

During lymphatic regeneration, precursors for major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T cells appear before alloreactive precursors.

Mice were injected with a sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) (300 mg/kg), and the appearance of the capacity of the regenerating spleen to form cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in response against 2,4,6 trinitrophenyl-coupled syngeneic cells or against allogeneic cells was followed. It was found that 8 da after Cy injection, the spleen contained cells that could give rise to CTL, but only 2,4,6 trinitrophenyl-specific CTL responses could be obtained at this stage. A low alloresponse was first seen 2 wk after Cy injection.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Immunoperoxidase staining of carcinoembryonic antigen with monoclonal antibodies in adenocarcinoma of the colon.

Mouse monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA) obtained by the somatic cell hybridization technique of Köhler and Milstein were used in a modified enzyme bridge immunoperoxidase staining method. Both high and low affinity antibodies were tested and their staining properties compared with those of a commercial polyvalent rabbit antiserum. The staining pattern of neoplastic epithelial cells in all seven antibodies in samples of primary adenocarcinoma of the colon was similar, indicating that no gross differences were found in the exposure of the different antigenic determinants of CEA in formalin fixed tissue. The background staining of the monoclonal antibodies are negligible. It is concluded that monoclonal antibodies are superior to conventional antisera in immunoperoxidase staining of CEA.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): characterization and use in a radioimmunoassay for CEA.

Fusion of immune spleen cells of mice immunized with CEA with a mouse myeloma cell line resulted in several hybrid cell lines secreting antibodies to CEA as tested by radio-immunoassay. Four of these were cloned by limiting dilution and large amounts of anti-CEA antibodies were produced by growing the anti-CEA-producing cell clones intraperitoneally in mice and collecting the ascites fluids formed. Ascites fluids containing antibodies with both high and low affinity were obtained. The antibody having the highest affinity was shown to be specific to CEA, whereas one antibody showed cross-reaction with the normal cross-reacting antigen (NCA). The establishment of a competitive-inhibition doubleantibody radio-immunoassad with high sensitivity and specificity using mouse monoclonal antibodies is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein-like material in human cerebrospinal fluid.

Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 34 unselected neurological patients was studied for pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) activity because of the recent finding of SP1 production by cultured glial cells. An organic central nervous system lesion was diagnosed in 9 patients, but not in the other 25. Low levels of SP1 immunoreactivity were found in CSF by RIA, and the adsorption of anti-SP1 antiserum with concentrated CSF abolished the positive immunohistochemical staining of placental tissue obtained with the unadsorbed antiserum. By means of immunoadsorption using monoclonal anti-SP1 antibodies, it was possible to isolate SP1 immunoreactive material from CSF and to demonstrate that it had the same electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as purified placental SP1. These results show that CSF contains SP1-like material that is closely related, if not identical, to placental SP1. The amount of SP1 in CSF has no direct correlation to an organic central nervous system lesion or to abnormality of the CSF.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Thymus cells suppress the in vitro cytotoxic response against trinitrophenyl (TNP) modified syngeneic cells.

The regulatory role of adult thymocytes in the in vitro cytotoxic cell formation against TNP-coupled syngeneic spleen cells was studied. Thymocytes are known to amplify the cytoxic response of lymph node cells against allogeneic cells. This kind of synergism was not found in the response against TNP-coupled cells; on the contrary, thymocytes had a clear suppressive effect. Thymocytes inducing this suppression must be present already at the beginning of the in vitro response. Mitotically blocked (mitomycin-C treated) thymocytes but not heat killed or lysed cells were also capable to suppress anti-TNP cytotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The H-2 restriction specificity of cytotoxic T cells derived from intrathymic precursors.

Both cortical and medullary thymocytes could give rise to both allospecific and hapten-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) if the cultures contained the T-helper-cell-replacing hormone, interleukin 2 (IL-2). The H-2 restriction specificity of these CTLs was tested by using three different specificity determinants that are known to be influenced by the H-2 genotype of the thymus (rather than by the H-2 of the precursor cell itself): the cross-killing of trinitrophenyl (TNP) coupled allogeneic targets in anti-TNP self responses; the dominance of H-2k-restricted CTLs over H-2d-restricted CTLs in the response of (H-2k X H-2d)F1 mice to TNP-self; and the capacity of alloreactive CTLs to cross-reactively lyse TNP-coupled syngeneic cells. The experiments show that, with regard to all of these specificity determinants, CTLs derived from these intrathymic populations are similar to CTLs derived from the adult mouse spleen. These data suggest that the H-2 restriction specificity is dictated before or at the same time that the cell acquires the capacity to respond to allogenic or haptenated syngeneic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Studies of monoclonal and polyclonal anti-digoxin antibodies for serum digoxin radioimmunoassay.

We compared the advantages of monoclonal antibodies (produced by plasma cell-myeloma cell hybrid lines) and those of conventional antibodies in the radioimmunoassay of digoxin. It was found that antibodies produced by some hybrid cell lines (hybridomas) were highly specific for the digoxin structure; this way the cross-reactions to related structures (e.g. spironolactone) could be avoided. When the hybridoma lines were grown in ascites, the resulting fluid could have as high or higher titre than the serum of a hyperimmunized rabbit. The high titre, the specificity and the permanent growth of the hybridoma lines make them an optimal source of the specific antibody in clinical radioimmunoassays for the measurement of drug or hormone levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Fine-specificity of the immune response to oxazolones. II. Cytolytic T cells.

Hapten-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated either by culturing live mouse spleen cells together with syngeneic haptenated mitomycin-treated spleen cells, or by painting cyclophosphamide-treated mice with the (chemically reactive) haptens. The specificity of the CTL was then tested by using lymphoblast targets coupled with the immunizing hapten or its analogs. Four haptens of the 5-oxazolone family were used. They couple to proteins via carbon atom 4 and had different substitutions at carbon atom 2. CTL originating from the in vivo or in vitro immunization gave identical results. They were specific for the genotype of the immunizing cell and for the hapten (oxazolone family). Syngeneic targets coupled with an unrelated hapten were not killed, nor were allogeneic (H-2-incompatible) targets coupled with any of the oxazolones. Oxazolone-specific CTL could be generated with all 4 oxazolones tested, but all 4 types of killer cells preferred targets coupled with 1 hapten, propenyl Ox. CTL generated with phenyl Ox, furyl Ox, or F-phenyl Ox were thus "heteroclitic" (preference for a chemical analog over the immunogen).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Fine-specificity of the immune response to oxazolone. I. Contact sensitivity and early antibodies.

The specificity of the contact sensitivity induced by various chemically related oxazolones was studied. Mice were painted with 1 of them (immunogen). They were divided into several groups and challenged (ear painting on day 5) with various concentrations of either the immunogen or a related oxazolone. The degree of the contact sensitivity was estimated by ear weight or by incorporation of a DNA precursor. Higher concentrations of a challenge compound elicited a stronger DTH reaction than lower concentrations. The efficiency of each compound was defined by the concentration that caused a 30% increase of the ear weight or 150% increase of incorporation. Both represented ca. one-third of the maximal response (1/3 max), and both methods gave similar results. Two types of specificity patterns were observed. One is based on limited data, and was exhibited by the pair furyl Ox and propenyl Ox. Furyl Ox was a more efficient challenge compound than propenyl Ox when mice were primed with furyl Ox. The reverse was true when mice were primed with propenyl Ox. The other pattern was exhibited by the pair propenyl Ox and phenyl Ox. When mice had been primed with phenyl Ox, the 1/3 max response required either 3 mM phenyl Ox or 17 mM propenyl Ox (6-fold difference). The unexpected finding was that phenyl Ox was also a (2.5-fold) more efficient challenge compound for mice that had been primed with propenyl Ox (a heteroclitic contact sensitivity).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Reactivity of hybridoma antibodies with amniotic and plasma fibronectin.

Mouse antibodies were prepared to human amniotic fluid fibronectin by means of somatic cell hybrids. Comparison of immunological reactivity of antibodies with amniotic and plasma fibronectin revealed that the two molecules had very similar patterns of antigenic determinants. Antibodies from one cell population, however, bound better to amniotic fluid fibronectin, indicating that there is a difference in the molecular structure of fibronectins isolated from the two sources.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

Failure to demonstrate public idiotypes on cytolytic cells with specificity for NP-coupled syngeneic cells.

We have investigated whether cytolytic cells specific for hapten-coupled syngeneic cells have the same public idiotype as serum antibodies against the same hapten, NP-aminocaproyl (NP-cap). Anti-NP-cap antibodies of C57BL mice possess a public idiotype that can be detected by antisera against the whole V region of the antibody molecule or against the VH domain. Neither reagent had an effect on the cytolytic response either when they were used to sensitize the effector cells for complement killing or when used at high concentrations in the culture medium during the secondary stimulation in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Generation of H-2-restricted cytotoxic T cells by ultraviolet light-treated trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic cells: increased requirement for adherent cells.

Metabolically inactive (ultraviolet light- [UV] irradiated) cells are incapable of serving as allogeneic stimulators in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The reason for the requirement of metabolic activity is not known. Now we have used UV-irradiated, trinitrophenyl- (TNP) coupled syngeneic spleen cells as stimulators in vitro to generate TNP-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL). It was found that UV-irradiated cells were stimulatory only if adherent cells (nylon wool [NW] and carbonyl iron-adherent Thy-1-) were present in the responder cell population. Nonadherent allogeneic cells were also able to augment the CTL response to UV-irradiated stimulators, suggesting that the requirement for adherent cells can be replaced by the nonspecific stimulatory effects of a MLR. When spleen cells from mice primed in vivo with TNP-coupled syngeneic cells were used in vitro, it was noticed that UV-irradiated stimulators were able to induce as strong a secondary CTL response as metabolically active stimulators but this response was also entirely dependent on the presence of adherent cells in the responder cell population. As a summary, these results suggest that metabolically inactive haptenated stimulators do not present the necessary proliferative (?) stimulus to the CTL precursor cells, but this 'signal' can be mediated via the adherent cell population, thus offering an explanation for the significance of this cell type in CTL responses in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Differential cyclophosphamide sensitivity of precursor cells in allogeneic and H-2 restricted cytotoxic responses.

Spleen cells from cyclophosphamide-treated mice responded in vitro to allogeneic stimulator cells but not to TNP-coupled syngeneic spleen cells. Similarly, cells from female mice, primed in vivo with syngeneic male cells, could not respond in vitro to male spleen cell stimulation if the mice were pretreated with cyclophosphamide. These results suggest that the precursor cells for H-2-restricted cytotoxic responses belong to a different T-cell subpopulation than the precursor cells for allogeneic responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Inherited chi chain polymorphism in mouse antibodies to phenyloxazolone.

Mice of several but not all strains produce antibodies of restricted heterogeneity (public idiotype) against hapten 2-phenyl-oxazolone (phOx). This public idiotype is controlled by an allotype-linked gene in crosses between BALB/c and C57BL mice. RF mice do not produce the idiotype although allotype c strain, DBA/2, does. We studied whether the RF strain is negative for the idiotype because of an unsuitable H chain repertoire or an unsuitable L chain repertoire. Our breeding experiments indicate that the H chain repertoire of RF mice can support synthesis of the public idiotype but the L chain repertoire cannot.

Alleles↗