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Biomedical subjects

M Hudson

Publications and source records attributed to M Hudson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Imipenem versus standard therapy in the treatment of serious soft tissue infection.

Thirty-five patients with 36 episodes of serious soft tissue infection were entered in a prospective randomised trial to receive treatment with either intravenous imipenem or standard therapy, most commonly i.v. cloxacillin and benzylpenicillin. Eighteen patients received imipenem (Group 1) and eighteen standard therapy (Group 2). In Group 1, fourteen patients were cured, one improved and three failed therapy. The three failures comprised two where imipenem had to be stopped because of side-effects and one changed to standard therapy after 48 h because of lack of response. In Group 2, fourteen patients were cured, three improved and one failed therapy. This last case was due to lack of clinical response. Tolerance of both drugs was good, although eight patients in Group 1 versus none in Group 2 developed infusion phlebitis. All significant bacterial isolates were sensitive to imipenem, although several were resistant to cloxacillin and/or benzylpenicillin. No development of bacterial resistance was noted in isolated pathogens. There was no significant difference in rapidity of response or length of treatment between Groups 1 and 2. Imipenem is a safe and effective alternative to standard regimens in the treatment of serious soft tissue infection, although its side-effects and broad spectrum make it difficult to justify its use for uncomplicated cellulitis.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

A survey of computer usage amongst Auckland general practitioners.

Auckland general practitioners were surveyed to assess their use of computers. Forty-eight practitioners (9.6%) had computers which were primarily used for practice administration. The main benefit offered by the computer was an improvement in quality of work rather than a reduction in quantity. Areas of dissatisfaction revealed by the survey included cost, limited flexibility, and the consequences of computer failure. Although most respondents suggested improvements in specific areas, many felt that the age of computerised general practice had arrived.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Learning disabilities and attentional problems in boys with the fragile X syndrome.

The fragile X syndrome is a relatively common form of mental retardation that tends to affect boys more severely than girls. The syndrome is associated with a fragile site at q27 on the X chromosome and with physical features including large or prominent ears and macro-orchidism. Four boys had physical and cytogenetic features of the fragile X syndrome. However, the IQ scores of these patients extended into the normal range. All four patients demonstrated similar learning difficulties that included hyperactivity, visuomotor incoordination, language deficits, and academic delays in mathematics. The fragile X syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of learning disabled children.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1985

Pre-pubertal gynaecomastia as the presenting feature of late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

We describe an 8-year-old boy with pre-pubertal gynaecomastia as the presenting feature of late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency, an association not previously reported. Although absolute oestrogen levels were not higher than previously described in 21-hydroxylase deficiency, the gynaecomastia may have arisen through a relative disproportion of the C18 to C19 steroids.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1985

Plasma immunoreactive gamma melanotropin in patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, aldosterone-producing adenomas, and essential hypertension.

A non-ACTH aldosterone-stimulating factor(s) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). Although this factor has not been fully characterized, some evidence suggests that it may be related to a pro-gamma-melanotropin (pro-gamma-MSH), derived from the NH2-terminal region of pro-opiomelanocortin. In the present study, plasma immunoreactive (IR-) gamma-MSH levels at 0800 h in patients with IHA were evaluated (90 +/- 17 fmol/ml; range: 13-173 fmol/ml) and found to be significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those in subjects with aldosterone-producing adenomas (33 +/- 8 fmol/ml), essential hypertension (33 +/- 6 fmol/ml), and normotensive controls (19 +/- 2 fmol/ml). Seven of nine IHA subjects had circulating IR-gamma-MSH levels above the normal range (greater than 35 fmol/ml). In plasmas sampled at 1200 h, IR-gamma-MSH was significantly higher in patients with IHA (95 +/- 26 fmol/ml) and adenomas (63 +/- 23 fmol/ml), as compared with essential hypertensives (31 +/- 6 fmol/ml) and normotensives (19 +/- 3 fmol/ml). Mean plasma IR-ACTH, plasma cortisol, and urinary cortisol levels did not differ significantly between any of these groups. In order to evaluate the effect of a pro-gamma-MSH in vitro, adrenal adenoma tissue was obtained from two patients, one with elevated IR-gamma-MSH (61 fmol/ml) and a second with low IR-gamma-MSH (12 fmol/ml). Aldosterone secretion by dispersed adenoma cells from the former, but not the latter, underwent a fourfold dose-dependent (10(-14)-10(-9) M) increase in response to human Lys-gamma 3-MSH. These data suggest that a pro-gamma-MSH may be implicated as a pathogenic factor in a subset of patients with primary aldosteronism, particularly among those differentially diagnosed as having IHA.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Plasma beta-endorphin levels in primary aldosteronism.

Excessive production of an as yet unidentified aldosterone-stimulating factor may cause idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). This putative factor may be related to proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides, some of which have aldosterone-stimulating properties. The present study evaluated plasma beta-endorphin, ACTH, cortisol, and aldosterone levels in patients with IHA (n = 10), aldosterone-producing adenomas (n = 4), essential hypertension (n = 11), and normal subjects (n = 10). Plasma and urinary hormone measurements were obtained at timed intervals during an isocaloric, fixed electrolyte intake (Na+, 128 meq/day; K+, 80 meq/day) in a metabolic unit. Plasma for beta-endorphin assay was preincubated with sepharose-bound anti-beta-lipotropin to remove beta-lipotropin that cross-reacted with the beta-endorphin RIA. Mean +/- SE plasma beta-endorphin levels at 0800 h were elevated in IHA patients (47 +/- 13 fmol/ml) compared to those in aldosterone-producing adenoma (25 +/- 9), essential hypertension (16 +/- 1), and normal control (20 +/- 2; P less than 0.05) subjects. Plasma ACTH, plasma cortisol, and urinary cortisol levels were not different in these four groups. These data support the hypothesis that excess production of either beta-endorphin or related proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides may function as aldosterone secretogogue(s) in IHA.

18-Hydroxycorticosterone↗
PubMed1984

A comparison of the metastatic pattern of infiltrating lobular carcinoma and infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast.

The metastatic sites of infiltrating duct (IDC) and infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) have been compared using both clinical and autopsy data. The following statistically significant differences were found: Lung parenchymal metastases were more common in IDC. Bone trephine biopsies were more likely to be positive in ILC. Carcinomatous meningitis was associated almost exclusively with ILC. Peritoneal/retroperitoneal metastases of distinctive pattern occurred in ILC. There was often associated linitis plastica-like involvement of the stomach wall and diffuse infiltration of the uterus. Hydronephrosis was a common secondary phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Comparison between the bacterial and oligosaccharide content of ileostomy effluent in subjects taking diets rich in refined or unrefined carbohydrate.

Dietary surveys have shown that patients with Crohn's disease tend to eat more sucrose than control subjects and this investigation was undertaken to determine whether a diet rich in refined carbohydrate affects the bacterial flora of the terminal ileum. Ileostomy effluent in five patients with Crohn's disease and five with ulcerative colitis after two weeks on a diet rich in sucrose and refined cereal has been compared with the same period on a diet low in sucrose and rich in unrefined cereal. Observations were made hourly for nine hours after equicaloric breakfasts representing the two diets. The amount of ileostomy effluent was greater on the unrefined carbohydrate diet both in terms of wet weight (238 +/- 89 g vs 162 +/- 79 g, p less than 0.02) and dry weight (23 X 6 +/- 6.8 g vs 14.9 +/- 6.6 g, p less than 0.01); surprisingly, the amount of glucose and oligosaccharide was also greater (169 +/- 41 mg vs 82 +/- 26 mg, p less than 0.001) in all 10 volunteers. The bacteriological flora per gram was also higher on the unrefined carbohydrate diet after the test meal (p less than 0.02 between three and six hours) as a result of a general increase in all organisms. The relative proportions of the organisms did not vary between the two diets. No differences were detected between patients with ulcerative colitis and those with Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Brucellosis in moose (Alces alces). A serological survey in an open range cattle area of North Central British Columbia recently infected with bovine brucellosis.

A serological survey for Brucella abortus antibodies in mature cow moose (Alces alces) was made in an area of northcentral British Columbia which recently had been heavily infected with bovine brucellosis and in which there was considerable intermixing of moose and range cattle. No evidence of Brucella infection was found in the moose tested and it was concluded that they were probably not of great significance in the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in the study area and were therefore unlikely to have hindered attempts to eradicate brucellosis from the cattle in that area.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Automated fluorometric analysis of epinephrine in lidocaine hydrochloride injection.

A rapid automated method for determining epinephrine in lidocaine hydrochloride injection is presented. The method is an adaptation of the official USP XIX fluorometric procedure and yields equivalent results. The linearity, accuracy, precision, excipient/background effect, and carryover characteristics of the automated system are described. A recovery study indicated that intact epinephrine is measured accurately in the presence of its degradation products. Analysis of several commercial preparations is reported.

Autoanalysis↗