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Biomedical subjects

M Hotchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Hotchi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pathological studies on Takayasu arteritis.

Takayasu arteritis is a primary inflammatory disease of elastic arteries such as the aorta, its larger branches and the pulmonary artery trunk. According to our recent statistical survey of autopsy cases in Japan, the frequency of the disease in all autopsy cases was approximately 0.033% and the sex ratio was 1:4.5. The most frequent ages of the onset were 20-30 years, those of the death were 40-50 years. The latter was delayed about 20 years in comparison with a previous report. In the recent cases, the vascular lesions widely expanded. Luminal dilatation and aneurysm formation also increased in frequency, their ratio being approximately 57%. In the autopsy cases, the following active lesions were observed: (1) acute exudative inflammation (including suppuration), (2) chronic non-specific productive inflammation and (3) various types of granulomatous inflammation. These findings suggest that many triggers may play a role in the morphogenesis of Takayasu arteritis. The inflammatory lesions are produced in the media and adventitia through the vasa vasorum, and terminate in a diffuse or nodular fibrosis. New active lesions are often observed near the old fibrotic ones. This suggests that Takayasu arteritis may be a progressive disease. Intimal thickening of the peripheral branches from the affected arteries is very often observed. In consequence, secondary ischemic lesions are formed in various organs, especially the heart, brain and kidneys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Fungal infections in cancer patients: an international autopsy survey.

In an attempt to estimate the frequency of fungal infections among cancer patients, a survey of autopsy examinations was conducted in multiple institutions in Europe, Japan and Canada. Fungal infections were identified most often in leukemic patients and transplant recipients (25% each). Fifty-eight percent of fungal infections were caused by Candida spp. and 30% by Aspergillus spp. There was considerable variability in the frequency of fungal infections in different countries. Nevertheless, this study clearly demonstrates that fungal infections represent a common complication in cancer patients, especially in patients with leukemia.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1992

Changes in DNA strand breaks in non-parenchymal cells following hepatocyte regeneration in CCl4-induced rat liver injury.

DNA strand breaks (nicks) in non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) in CCl4-induced acute or chronic liver injury in rats were detected using an in situ nick translation method; their dynamic changes were analysed in relation to the proliferation pattern of hepatocytes and NPCs, as revealed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-uptake. In acute injury, hepatocyte proliferation started before centrilobular necrosis had occurred, whereas BrdU-labeled sinusoidal NPCs markedly increased only after centrilobular necrosis was apparent. DNA breakages in NPCs paralleled the proliferation pattern of these cells, suggesting that nicks are physiological, and reflect proliferation and activated gene expression. In chronic injury, liver cirrhosis developed after 9 weeks, but BrdU-labeling of hepatocytes was almost the same level as that in untreated liver. The number of BrdU-labeled NPCs showed only a slight increase, while those with DNA breakages were much more frequent in the cirrhotic stage, suggesting a significant role for NPCs in the fibrotic process. These results indicate that DNA strand breaks in NPCs act as a marker for activation states such as proliferation, differentiation and/or activated gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Three-dimensional study of epithelioid cells by a quick-freezing and deep-etching method in muramyl dipeptide-induced granulomas.

The three-dimensional ultrastructure of epithelioid cells was studied by the quick-freezing and deep-etching (QF-DE), as well as the freeze-substitution (QF-FS) methods. The granulomas were induced in rats by injecting muramyl dipeptide (MDP) into the hind footpads. At 3 weeks after the injection, the footpads were perfused with a fixative, excised, and quickly frozen to prepare the replica membranes. Some unfixed footpads were also quickly frozen and freeze-substituted. Dense networks of intermediate filaments, connected with the nuclei, mitochondria and other vesicular cell organelles, were observed throughout the cytoplasm of epithelioid cells by the QF-DE method. A few actin filaments were located in filopodia and just beneath the cell membranes. Interdigitation of the cell membranes between adjacent cells was clearly demonstrated by the QF-FS method and clathrin-coated pits were identified at the base of interdigitating filopodia. In addition, the exact moment of fusion between endosomes and lysosomes was ascertained by the same method. These results suggest that the cytoskeletal organization of epithelioid cells resembles that of epithelial cells rather than actively motile macrophages.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1992

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver diagnosed by liver biopsy under laparoscopy.

We report a case of primary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma arising in the liver. There were no specific findings or signs except for the deformity and multiple lesions of the liver at imaging procedures, which included magnetic resonance imaging. The key to the diagnosis was histological examination of liver biopsy specimens obtained under laparoscopy. Plasma factor VIII activity was elevated, which was also helpful in the diagnosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

Three-dimensional study of the cytoskeleton in macrophages and multinucleate giant cells by quick-freezing and deep-etching method.

The three-dimensional ultrastructure of multinucleate giant cells in subcutaneous granulomas was compared with those of peritoneal macrophages using a quick-freezing and deep-etching method. Subcutaneous granulomas were induced by implanting plastic coverslips in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats. The quick-freezing and deep-etching replicas were prepared from the cells attached to the coverslips. Dense networks of actin filaments were distributed along all peripheral aspects (beneath the plasma membrane, and on free and coverslip-attached surfaces) of the multinucleate giant cells. On the coverslip-attached surface, numerous clathrin-coated pits and vesicles occurred between the actin filaments. In these cells, intermediate filaments, but not actin filaments, were the predominant cytoskeletal components in perinuclear regions and were attached to the cell nucleus, mitochondria and other vesicular cell organelles. A similar distribution of cytoskeletal components was observed in the mononuclear macrophages of the granulomas and the peritoneal macrophages. These results show that the cytoskeletal organization varies in different regions of the cytoplasm of multinucleate giant cells, while the characteristic cytoskeletal arrangement, resembling that of mononuclear macrophages, is maintained.

Actins↗
PubMed1991

Intestinal mucormycosis in a hemodialysis patient treated with desferrioxamine.

A case of fatal intestinal mucormycosis in a 57-year-old female hemodialysis patient who had received desferrioxamine (DFO) for aluminum overload is reported. The focus of fungal infection was not found until the intestine had been resected surgically. DFO is being used with increased frequency in dialysis patients to treat aluminum or iron overload. Recently a possible link between DFO therapy and mucormycosis has been suggested. In the management of hemodialysis patients, the potential risk of mucormycosis with DFO therapy should be considered.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1991

Localized necrotizing arteritis. A report of two cases involving the gallbladder and pancreas.

We report two cases of localized necrotizing arteritis, one involving the gallbladder and one involving the pancreas. Both cases were found incidentally in surgically resected specimens. Vascular changes in both cases were similar to those seen in classic polyarteritis nodosa, involving medium-sized muscular arteries characterized by fibrinoid necrosis and panarterial and periarterial inflammations varying from active to resolving stages. Both patients had no constitutional symptoms or underlying serologic abnormalities suggestive of systemic angitis. To our knowledge, pancreas-limited arteritis has not previously been described. Whether these lesions represent an early manifestation of a systemic arteritides syndrome, a variant of polyarteritis nodosa, or a distinct entity should be prudently judged through a long-term follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of iron and desferrioxamine on Rhizopus infection.

To investigate the association among iron, desferrioxamine, and a Rhizopus infection, the influence of iron and/or desferrioxamine on experimental mucormycosis in mice was examined. All mice pretreated with iron, desferrioxamine, or a combination of iron and desferrioxamine died within 5 days after the inoculation of R. oryzae. In the mice fungal lesions were observed in the brain which resembled human cerebral mucormycosis. By contrast, the mortality in the control mice with R. oryzae was 20% through the 3-week experimental period. Therefore, it was demonstrated that iron as well as desferrioxamine administration markedly promotes the growth of R. oryzae. The increased susceptibility to R. oryzae was considered to be due to increased serum iron in the animals pretreated with iron only; however, pretreatment with desferrioxamine did not affect the amount of serum ion. Thus, the data suggest that desferrioxamine acts as a siderophore to R. oryzae and exerts an adverse effect on mucormycosis. This study has shown that the presence of iron and desferrioxamine enhances the virulence and pathogenicity of R. oryzae by serving as a growth factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Diagnostic value of serum antibody to candida in an extensively burned patient.

This report gives details of an extensively burned patient who died of candidiasis. Retrospectively, by using the procedure of indirect immunoperoxidase staining, we measured the levels of antibody to candida in the stored patient's serum, collected from the time of admission to our hospital until death. Gradual increases in the antibody titres to candida were seen over the postburn period. The findings can be useful in diagnosing candidiasis.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1990

Astrocytoma with granular cell tumor-like changes. Report of a case with histochemical and ultrastructural characterization of granular cells.

A peculiar case of astrocytoma showing a histological appearance similar to granular cell tumor was reported. The tumor consisted of large round cells containing numerous intracytoplasmic eosinophilic granules, partially intermingled with atypical astrocytes, and part of it showed a transition to distinct areas of fibrillary astrocytoma. The granules were periodic acid-Schiff-positive (with resistance to diastase digestion), negative for fat stains and revealed lectin-binding patterns similar to those in granular cell tumor. Ultrastructurally the granules were partially membrane-bound, dense bodies compatible with secondary lysosomes. It was suggested that the granular cells were of astrocytic origin because of their immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ultrastructural observation of intermediate filaments corresponding to GFAP.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The application of immunoperoxidase staining for the detection of causative fungi in tissue specimens of mycosis I.

This study was performed in order to identify the fungi of four species (Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium anthophilum, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by the indirect method of immunoperoxidase staining. Mature albino rabbits were immunized by formalin-killed organisms. The antibodies were prepared by precipitation at a 50% saturation of ammonium sulfate and were checked for cross-reactivities by Ouchterlony's double immunodiffusion and precipitin test. The immunoperoxidase staining was applied to the paraffin-embedded tissue sections of infected mice, human autopsy and biopsy specimens. Although each fungus was stained clearly the cell wall, cross-reactivities appeared among them, however it was possible to identify four fungi by absorption and dilution of the antisera.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Experimental candidiasis associated with liver injury. Role of transferrin.

In an attempt to perform a further investigation on the proposal that an increasing susceptibility to Candida infection in liver injury may be related to unsaturated transferrin level (UIBC) and/or to a total amount of transferrin represented by TIBC, we conducted experimental candidiasis using mice with galactosamine-induced liver injury and investigated the effect of preadministration of transferrin prior to inoculation of Candida albicans. Final mortality was 10% in the mice without liver injury and without transferrin (Group 1) and ones with liver injury and with transferrin (Group 3). By contrast a 50% mortality was given in one only with liver injury (Group 2). The TIBCs in Groups 1 and 3 were significantly higher than that in Group 2. The UIBCs in Groups 2 and 3, although there was no significant difference between them, were significantly lower than that in Group 1. This study confirmed that transferrin (TIBC) may have a direct deterring effect on systemic Candida infection and the decreased TIBC in the liver injury enhances the growth of C. albicans.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

An autopsy case of disseminated histoplasmosis probably due to infection from a renal allograft.

An autopsy case of a 52-year-old Japanese male, who died of disseminated histoplasmosis, is reported. He had received a cadaveric renal allograft 4 years prior to death. The donor was a 33-year-old American negro male, who had resided in Texas. The patient had been treated with immunosuppressive drugs after renal transplantation, and mycotic pneumonia developed 3 months before death. At autopsy, acute necrotizing lesions composed of histiocytes were observed in the transplanted kidney, lungs, prostate gland and various lymph nodes. Abundant yeast-like fungal elements, measuring 2-5 micron in diameter, were engulfed by the histiocytes, and were identified as Histoplasma capsulatum by the immunoperoxidase method. The transplanted kidney was considered to have been the source of the infection.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1988

[An autopsied case of a malignant lymphoma with a severe nephrotic syndrome overlapped by cirrhotic glomerulosclerosis].

A 52-year-old man, who had been diagnosed as having alcoholic liver cirrhosis, presented a chronic nephritic syndrome due to hepatic glomerulosclerosis. Ten months before death, massive proteinuria exceeding 40 g/day was noted. A renal biopsy revealed diffuse mesangial sclerosis, associated with an IgA deposition consistent with hepatic glomerulosclerosis. Although the nephrotic syndrome subsided with immunosuppressive therapy, he died of hepatic failure. Postmortem examinations disclosed a diffuse, medium-size B-cell lymphoma, involving the peritoneal and retroperitoneal organs and an IgA-positive plasmacytosis. His massive proteinuria seems to have been caused by the paraneoplastic syndrome of a malignant lymphoma.

B-Lymphocytes↗