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Biomedical subjects

M Horne

Publications and source records attributed to M Horne.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

MUJA: manipulation under joint anesthesia/analgesia: a treatment approach for recalcitrant low back pain of synovial joint origin.

OBJECTIVE: These four cases show how application of manipulation under joint anesthesia/analgesia (MUJA) may benefit the patient with low back pain (LBP) of synovial joint origin when prior treatment options fail. We propose that MUJA should be considered as a treatment option for those with recalcitrant synovial joint-mediated LBP. CLINICAL FEATURES: We report four cases of patients with LBP successfully treated by this protocol. These four patients were neurologically normal and suffered from lumbar zygapophyseal joint and/or sacroiliac joint mediated pain diagnosed by fluoroscopically guided, contrast enhanced, intra-articular anesthetic injections. There were various radiographic findings. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOMES: All four individuals were treated with manipulation after facilitatory intra-articular anesthetic/corticosteroid injections into lumbar zygapophyseal and/or sacroiliac joints. Some also required physical therapy interventions to resolve their LBP. CONCLUSIONS: Anecdotal success with MUJA is enticing; MUJA appears to be a viable alternative for those patients in whom traditional treatment options for LBP of synovial joint origin have failed. However, prospective, quality research is required before MUJA can be formally validated or not in the treatment of documented lumbar zygapophyseal joint and/or sacroiliac joint mediated LBP.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Demographic characteristics of a population of people with moderate, severe and profound intellectual disability (mental handicap) over 50 years of age: age structure, IQ and adaptive skills.

Studies characterizing community populations of older people with intellectual disability (mental handicap) have frequently derived data from mental handicap registers. Such large-scale studies permit the establishment of reliable age trends, yet may utilize unreliable information and omit some individuals. Here, a functional characterization of a 50+ years sample with moderate, severe and profound intellectual disability is described, in which an extensive outreach exercise to identify individuals not known to mental handicap service providers ensured that almost 100% of people fulfilling the residence, age and ability criteria were included. Functional level, assessed by the Adaptive Behaviour Scale (ABS), is reported in relation to six factors derived from factor analysis. Overall, the sample was relatively high functioning and generally free of severe problem behaviours. There was no evidence for significant age-related functional decline.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Increased norepinephrine spillover into the jugular veins in essential hypertension.

In essential hypertension sympathetic nerve firing is commonly increased. A central nervous system origin has been presumed but not tested directly. To estimate cerebral norepinephrine release in essential hypertension, spillover of norepinephrine into the cerebrovascular circulation was measured by isotope dilution, with high internal jugular venous sampling. Norepinephrine was released into the cerebrovascular circulation in both hypertensive patients and healthy volunteers and was present after administration of the ganglion blocker trimethaphan and in patients with sympathetic nervous failure, indicating that brain neurons and not cerebrovascular sympathetic nerves were the probable source. Although differing among hypertensive patients, norepinephrine spillover on average was higher in the hypertensive patients (153 +/- 41 pmol/min) than in healthy subjects (59 +/- 12 pmol/min; p less than 0.05), and was elevated in six of 17 patients, in whom the accompanying whole body norepinephrine spillover rate was higher than in the remaining 11 patients (p less than 0.01). To test for a possible link between brain norepinephrine release and human sympathetic nervous function, the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) on both brain and whole body norepinephrine spillover was measured in healthy volunteers. Desipramine lowered the cerebrovascular spillover of norepinephrine, its precursor dihydroxyphenylalanine, and its metabolite dihydroxyphenylglycol by 50-80% and produced a mean fall of 35% in whole body norepinephrine spillover. One interpretation of these results is that human sympathetic nerve firing is dependent on norepinephrine release within the brain and that increased cerebral norepinephrine release may possibly be present in some patients with essential hypertension, underlying their higher sympathetic nerve firing rates.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗
PubMed1992

Myopathy in severe asthma.

Myopathy complicating the therapy of severe asthma has been recently described in several case reports. Twenty-five consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at this hospital for mechanical ventilation for severe asthma were studied for the incidence of creatine kinase (CK) enzyme rise and for the development of clinical myopathy. Pharmacologic therapy was standardized, every patient receiving corticosteroids and aminophylline intravenously and salbutamol both nebulized and intravenously. Twenty-two patients received muscle relaxant therapy with vecuronium. In 19 of 25 (76%) of patients there was elevation of CK levels to a median of 1,575 U/L (range, 66 to 7,430) occurring 3.6 +/- 1.5 days after admission. In nine patients there was clinically detectable myopathy. The presence of either myopathy or CK enzyme rise was associated with a significant prolongation of ventilation time. Arterial blood gas measurements on admission to the ICU revealed a pH (mean +/- SD) of 7.07 +/- 0.21, a PaCO2 of 87.2 +/- 32.7, and a PaO2 (with a high FIO2) of 129 +/- 97 mm Hg; however, no correlation was found between the severity of initial metabolic disturbance and the subsequent development of myopathy. There was no association between the type of corticosteroid administered and the subsequent development of myopathy. Patients with myopathy had received a significantly higher total dose of vecuronium when compared with those who did not develop myopathy (p < 0.001, Kruskal Wallis test). We have therefore found a surprisingly high incidence of CK enzyme rise and myopathy in this group of mechanically ventilated patients with severe asthma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

A neural network model of neural activity in the monkey globus pallidus.

A 3-layer neural network model was constructed to determine the discharge patterns of neurons within the globus pallidus (GP) which would be required to run a sequence of movements at the motor cortical level. The model was based on the presence of tonic and phasic neuronal activity within the motor cortical region; that positive feedback was required to maintain tonic neuronal activity and that phasic neuronal activity was required to initiate and terminate the tonic neuronal activity. The model predicted the presence of both phasic and tonic activity within the middle layer (layer 2; GP) of the model in order for the motor cortical regions (layers 1 and 3) to be able to run and to maintain the movement sequence. This prediction was in keeping with our electrophysiological findings within GP.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Heterologous in vitro transcription from two archaebacterial promoters.

A cell-free extract of Sulfolobus shibatae is able to specifically initiate transcription in vitro at the promoter of the plasmid-encoded gene for the major gas vesicle protein of Halobacterium halobium and at the promoter for the transcript T4 of the temperate H. halobium phage phi H. The corresponding promoter from the virulent phage mutant phi HL1 yields enhanced transcription in the heterologous system, in agreement with strongly increased in vivo expression.

Archaea↗
PubMed1991

Direct determination of homovanillic acid release from the human brain, an indicator of central dopaminergic activity.

The plasma concentration of the dopamine (DA) metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), is used as an indicator of central nervous system dopaminergic activity. Using percutaneously inserted catheters we were able to obtain blood samples simultaneously from the right and left internal jugular veins. Veno-arterial HVA plasma concentration differences combined with adjusted organ plasma flows were used, according to the Fick Principle, to determine the HVA overflow from the brain. The HVA overflow from the liver was also measured. HVA overflow from the brain represented 12% of the total body HVA production. A similar amount was released from the liver, illustrating the limited validity of peripheral plasma HVA measurements as an indicator of central dopaminergic activity. HVA release from the human brain displayed a degree of asymmetry, the overflow into the left internal jugular vein being 36% greater than that into the right. Cerebral venous blood flow scans indicated that cortical cerebral regions drained preferentially into the right internal jugular; by inference the higher HVA overflow on the left originated from dopamine-rich subcortical brain areas. Since HVA in plasma may arise from the metabolism of DA existing either as a neurotransmitter or a norepinephrine (NE) precursor we measured the internal jugular vein plasma concentrations of NE, and its metabolite dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), to determine whether they displayed a similar pattern of release to HVA. The overflow of both NE and DHPG into the right internal jugular vein was approximately double that on the left. Since the overflow of HVA did not parallel that of NE and DHPG it may be inferred that the origin of much of the subcortically produced HVA is from dopaminergic neurons and not from the metabolism of precursor DA in noradrenergic neurones or cerebrovascular sympathetic nerves.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

An immunohistochemical study of spontaneous lymphomas in the C57B1/10J mouse.

Immunocytochemistry was used to examine 26 cases of composite lymphoma in the mouse mesenteric lymph node. The diagnosis was made by light microscopic criteria. A selection of polyclonal antibodies to light (Kappa and Lambda) and heavy chain (IgD, IgM, IgC, IgA, IgE) antigens was used together with three monoclonal antibodies to T cells, B cells (HLA-DR) and macrophages. Twenty lymphomas were classified as B cell and six as T cell. The B cells were subdivided into IgM and IgD (five), IgD (five), IgM (three) and IgA (one), three undifferentiated and, in three, there was insufficient tissue for further typing. There did not appear to be any correlation between the morphological appearance and the immunophenotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

An immunohistochemical study of spontaneous histiocytic tumours in the rat.

Immunocytochemistry was used to examine 18 cases of rat fibrous histiocytic tumours (11 malignant; seven benign). The diagnosis was made by light microscopic criteria and all cases were categorized as pleomorphic-storiform. A selection of polyclonal antibodies to histiocytic, muscle, neural and mesenchymal antigens was used. Fifteen tumours were positive with alpha 1-antitrypsin, four with alpha 1-chymotrypsin, ten with muramidase, five with desmin, 15 with neuron-specific enolase, 14 with S100, one with glial fibrillary acid protein and 12 with vimentin. Many tumours expressed several antigens, highlighting the confusion which has arisen with regard to the histiogenesis of fibrous histiocytic tumours in man, and supporting the concept of differentiation from a primitive mesenchymal common precursor able to differentiate in several directions.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A DNA region of 9 kbp contains all genes necessary for gas vesicle synthesis in halophilic archaebacteria.

We determined the minimal size of the genomic region necessary for gas vesicle synthesis in halophilic archaebacteria by transformation experiments, comparative DNA sequence analysis and investigation of gas vesicle (Vac) mutants. The comparison of the three genomic regions encoding gas vesicles in Halobacterium halobium (p-vac- and c-vac-region) and Haloferax mediterranei (mc-vac-region) indicates high DNA sequence similarity throughout a contiguous sequence of 9 kbp. In each case, this area encompassed at least 13 open reading frames (ORFs). Ten of these ORFs (gvpD to gvpM) were located 5' to the vac gene encoding the major gas vesicle protein, but were transcribed from the opposite strand. At least two ORFs (gvpC, and gvpN) were located 3' to each vac gene and transcribed from the same strand as the respective vac gene. In the p-vac-region present on plasmid pHH1 these ORFs were transcribed as at least three units, one transcript encompassing gvpD-gvpE, the second encompassing ORFs gvpF to gvpM, and the third unit comprising the ORFs located 3' to the p-vac gene. In H. halobium Vac mutants copies of the insertion elements ISH2, ISH23, ISH26 or ISH27 were found to be integrated throughout the p-vac-region. The de novo synthesis of gas vesicles was tested by transformation of the Vac-negative species, Haloferax volcanii, with various subfragments of the mc-vac- or p-vac-region cloned into vector plasmids. In contrast to a fragment containing the entire 9 kbp region, none of the subfragments tested was sufficient to promote gas vesicle synthesis. However, gas vesicle synthesis could be restored in each Vac mutant containing an ISH element when the entire transcription unit encompassing the mutated gene on pHH1 was present in the wild-type form on the vector construct.

Amino Acid Sequence↗