Biomedical subjects

M Honda

Publications and source records attributed to M Honda.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Hemolytic uremic syndrome following hemorrhagic colitis caused by verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7: early signs of hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Ten cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) following hemorrhagic colitis caused by verotoxin T2-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (VTEC) occurred in a Kindergarten. Slight changes in results of peripheral blood and blood chemistry studies an average of 4 days after onset suggested HUS, and within the following 12 hours platelet counts and levels of haptoglobin and lactic dehydrogenase decreased. Treatment was mainly directed toward the management of renal failure and included supportive therapy and anticoagulant and antiplatelet treatment. Although neurological complications occurred in some cases, all patients eventually recovered completely.

Bacterial Toxins↗

PubMed1996

[Determination of free type and complex type prostate-specific antigen (PSA): differences in immunorecognition by Delfia PSA, ACS-PSA and Eiken PA kits].

To study immunorecognition of free type and complex type prostate-specific antigen (PSA) by current commercial PSA assays, sera from 3 patients with stage D2 prostate cancer were separated by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography and determined by Delfia PSA, ACS-PSA and Eiken PA kits. Two antibodies used in the 3 kits are 2 monoclonal, 1 monoclonal and 1 polyclonal and 2 polyclonal antibodies, respectively. Following chromatography, two PSA peaks were obtained in all patients. One was about 100 kDa and the other about 30 kDa. The former was considered to be the complex type PSA (complex with alpha-1 antichymotrypsin) and the latter to be free type PSA. As to free type PSA, the ACS-PSA kit and Eiken PA kit quantitated PSA values approximately 5.1 and 2.5 times higher than the Delfia PSA kit. For complex type PSA, the quantity determined by ACS-PSA kit was approximately 1.3 times higher than that determined by the Delfia PSA kit, while the quantity determined by the Eiken PA kit was about one third of that determined by Delfia PSA kit. The ratio of complex type PSA to total PSA (free type PSA + complex type PSA) was 74.8 +/- 14.9% (mean +/- SD) when determined by Delfia PSA kit, 59.3 +/- 18.4% by ACS-PSA kit and 52.9 +/- 13.8% by Eiken PA kit. The range of this ratio determined by ACS-PSA kit was from 47.3% to 80.5% in the 3 patients. These findings suggest that there are qualitative differences in immunorecognition of free type PSA and complex type PSA among current commercial PSA assays and that there are quantitative differences in the ratio of the 2 forms of PSA in serum among prostatic cancer patients. The measurement and follow-up of both free type and complex type PSA might be important for diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

[Fast two-compartment model analysis with 99mTc-GSA liver scintigraphy].

The use of numerical integration method (N. INT) was evaluated in determining parameters by two-compartment model analysis from liver scintigraphy. Among the 15 subjects, 14 had liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, and one was normal. When using N.INT, the sum of two exponential functions on heart regression curve following intravenous injection of 99mTc-galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) was promptly calculated. The parameters obtained from N.INT, including transfer rate of 99mTc-GSA from extrahepatic blood to liver (k1), dissociation rate from liver to extrahepatic blood (k2), and excretion rate from liver to gallblader (k3), were significantly correlated with those obtained by the nonlinear least square method (NLS). k1/k2 was related with the maximum removal rate of 99mTc-GSA obtained from nonlinear five compartment model analysis (r2 = 0.705, n = 15) and also with the severity score of liver disease as classified by the First Department of Surgery, Mie University Medical School (r2 = 0.686, n = 13). In terms of the time required to obtain these parameters, including the blood retention rate of 99mTc-GSA at 15 min after injection (%ID15), N.INT was faster than the traditional method (NLS).

Aged↗

PubMed1996

[Regional left ventricular contraction kinetics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: investigation by ECG-gated myocardial SPECT with 99mTc-MIBI].

To investigate the regional left ventricular (LV) contraction kinetics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), we performed ECG gated myocardial tomography (gated-SPECT) with 99mTc methoxy-2-isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) at rest in 11 patients with HCM and 13 normal subjects. In order to evaluate regional LV contraction kinetics, multi-plane long axial tomograms were constructed and LV was divided into 17 segments. From the time activity curve of myocardial count, percent change during systole (%CC) was calculated in each segment. Normal range of %CC in each segment was derived from normal files. Systolic asynchrony in each patient was expressed as SD (standard deviation) of R-wave to peak count (R-PC) intervals of 17 segments. Decreased %CC was observed in 87 of 187 segments (47%) in HCM (8 +/- 5 segments/patient, range; 2-14 segments/patient). SD in patients with HCM was significantly greater than that in normal subjects (5.9 +/- 1.3 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.6, p < 0.01). The extent of decreased %CC in patients with HCM correlated well with global 123I-BMIPP (BMIPP) uptake and the extent of regional abnormality of BMIPP (Defect Score) (r = -0.79, r = 0.88 each, p < 0.01). On the other hand, SD correlated well with left ventricular (LV) filling rate during early diastole (r = -0.66, p < 0.01). Patients with HCM were divided into 2 groups whether LV ejection fraction (EF) increased (Group 1) or decreased (Group 2) by exercise stress. SD in Group 2 was significantly greater than that in Group 1. In segments with decreased %CC, the distribution of R-PC interval was different with that in segments with normal %CC. These results suggested that indexes which were derived from gated-SPECT with MIBI could bring several informations which were important to assess the pathologic condition of HCM.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and spontaneous in vitro production of IL-6 by lymph node mononuclear cells of patients with angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD), and clinical effectiveness of cyclosporin A.

Serum levels of cytokines and in vitro cytokine production by lymph node mononuclear cells (LNMC) were studied in four patients with angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD) or AILD-type T cell lymphoma. An increased level of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) was detected on initial diagnosis in both of two patients examined. Spontaneous production of IL-6 by LNMC was detected in all four patients studied. Immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin A (CsA) was attempted in a 68-year-old man, who was refractory to intensive combination chemotherapy. The increased level of IL-6 in this patient decreased to normal within 3 weeks of CsA administration and the patient became symptom-free. One and a half months later, the IL-6 level gradually increased along with clinical exacerbation. We also measured serum levels of IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-alpha, gamma and TNF-alpha in parallel with IL-6, but these factors were only sporadically detected. IL-6 production by LNMC was stimulated by IL-2 but inhibited by CsA. These observations suggest that IL-6 is one of the important cytokines to be involved in the pathophysiology of AILD and CsA is a useful reagent for relieving symptoms.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

P300 abnormalities in patients with selective impairment of recent memory.

We recorded auditory event-related potential (ERP) by using the standard oddball paradigm in seven amnestic patients. Patients were divided into three groups according to brain CT or MRI findings. (1) Three patients with no detectable lesion, including two patients studied during the episode of transient global amnesia, showed a well-defined P300. (2) Three patients with detectable lesions in the mesial temporal lobes did not show any wave form corresponding to P300. In two of these three patients, the ERP wave form showed a significant change in accordance with the improvement of MRI findings. (3) One patient who had a hypothalamic lesion due to total resection of craniopharyngioma showed a low-amplitude P300. Although neuropsychological examinations showed selective and severe impairment of recent memory function in all of these patients, no significant relationship was found between the degree of memory disturbance and P300 abnormality. These results suggest that P300 is more affected by existence and extension of brain lesions, especially in the mesial temporal lobes, rather than degree of memory disturbance. However, these results do not necessarily suggest that the potential generated in the mesial temporal lobes is directly recorded as a component of the scalp-recorded P300.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[The significance of free-type PSA and complex-type PSA in patients with prostatic carcinoma--the characteristics of ACS-PSA method compared with that of Delfia- and Eiken-PSA method].

We studied the clinical significance of free-type prostate specific antigen (PSA) and bound-type PSA in serum of the patients with prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hypertrophy. The levels of PSA, gamma-seminoprotein and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in 17 healthy adult males, 20 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and 23 patients with prostatic carcinoma were measured by ACS-PSA, Delfia and Eiken-PSA method. The levels of PSA in serum from prostatic carcinoma patients was significantly elevated as compared with that from benign prostatic hypertrophy. Linear regression analysis of the data showed that, although overall correlations were well, different assays gave different PSA concentrations. We have studied the forms of PSA in serum by gel filtration technique and measured PSA levels in each fractions using three methods. Moreover, the characteristics of ACS-PSA method was compared with that of Delfia and Eiken-PSA method. Two peaks of PSA were detected on the elution profiles from three prostatic carcinoma patients sera. Those were estimated complex-type PSA (90kDa) and free-type PSA (30kDa). The complex-type PSA fractions detected by ACS-PSA method were almost identical with that detected by Delfia-PSA method, while free-type PSA fractions detected by ACS-PSA method were greater quantity than those by Delfia and Eiken method. Many factors were contributory to the difference between the assay kits on serum complex-type PSA and free-type PSA levels. The present results suggest that there are some quantitative differences in the immunorecognition of complex-type PSA and free-type PSA between the assay kits.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Stability of a stem-loop involving the initiator AUG controls the efficiency of internal initiation of translation on hepatitis C virus RNA.

The initiation of translation on the positive-sense RNA genome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is directed by an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) that occupies most of the 341-nt 5' nontranslated RNA (5'NTR). Previous studies indicate that this IRES differs from picornaviral IRESs in that its activity is dependent upon RNA sequence downstream of the initiator AUG. Here, we demonstrate that the initiator AUG of HCV is located within a stem-loop (stem-loop IV) involving nt -12 to +12 (with reference to the AUG). This structure is conserved among HCV strains, and is present in the 5'NTR of the phylogenetically distant GB virus B. Mutant, nearly genome-length RNAs containing nucleotide substitutions predicted to enhance the stability of stem-loop IV were generally deficient in cap-independent translation both in vitro and in vivo. Additional mutations that destabilize the stem-loop restored translation to normal. Thus, the stability of the stem-loop is strongly but inversely correlated with the efficiency of internal initiation of translation. In contrast, mutations that stabilize this stem-loop had comparatively little effect on translation of 5' truncated RNAs by scanning ribosomes, suggesting that internal initiation of translation follows binding of the 40S ribosome directly at the site of stem-loop IV. Because stem-loop IV is not required for internal entry of ribosomes but is able to regulate this process, we speculate that it may be stabilized by interactions with a viral protein, providing a mechanism for feedback regulation of translation, which may be important for viral persistence.

Antigens, Viral↗

PubMed1996

[Two cases of liver scar that was examined by biliary scintigraphy].

36-year-old-female admitted because of jaudice and ascites. T-bil was 18.5 mg/dl and transaminase, ALP, LDH and gamma-GTP was elevated. Ultrasonography (US) showed that right lobe was atrophy and left lobe was swelling. Plain computed tomography (CT) showed right lobe was low density. Magnetic resonance (MR) finding was T1-weighted image of right lobe was low intensity and T2-weighted image was high intensity. Angiography showed right lobe was more stained than left lobe. Histologically, right lobe was massive necrosis. These findings suggested that right lobe was liver scar. Biliary imaging showed right lobe was delayed. A 23-year-old-female admitted because of fever and abdominal tumor. Transaminase was normal, only gamma-GTP was elevated. US, plain CT, enhanced CT, MR imaging finding was as same as that of the first case. Similarily, biliary scintigraphy showed right lobe was delayed. Causes of the two liver scars was not clear, whereas liver scar detected after delivery was rare case.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Results of surgery for paralytic esotropia due to abducens palsy.

The surgical effects of three methods, transposition of the vertical rectus muscles, Jensen's procedure, and resection (advancement) of the lateral rectus muscle, were compared among 109 cases of paralytic esotropia due to abducens palsy. These procedures were combined with recession of the medial rectus muscle in about half the cases. Of the 109 cases, 22 were followed up for 4 years or longer. Results were similar, provided that the following protocols for surgery were adhered to: in cases of complete paralysis, transposition of the vertical rectus muscles was done, and in cases of incomplete paralysis, resection (advancement) of the lateral rectus muscle was performed. With both procedures, results were improved if recession of the medial rectus muscle was carried out at the same time.

Abducens Nerve↗

PubMed1996

Long-term results of surgery for superior oblique palsy.

The results one month after surgery in 159 cases of superior oblique palsy were compared according to the method of surgery with the results 4 years or longer after surgery. There were 141 cases of congenital palsy and 18 cases of acquired palsy, for a total of 159 cases. Our study showed that surgery on the oblique muscle provided long-lasting effects, while recession of the superior rectus muscle or recession of the contralateral inferior rectus muscle could cause late overcorrection. When performing surgery on the rectus muscle, careful attention must be paid to suturing the muscle.

Humans↗

PubMed1996

Event-related potentials during paired associate memory paradigm.

We have studied event-related potentials (ERPs) during a visual paired association task with delayed discrimination in 10 normal right-handed subjects. After subjects completely memorized 4 pairs of figures during a learning period, they were presented with each cue (S1) and asked to judge whether the following figure (S2) formed one of the memorized pairs or not. A choice reaction task with delay was used for control in an attempt to identify brain activity specifically related to memory function. ERPs were recorded from 21 scalp electrodes and those occurring between the S1 and S2 presentation were analyzed. Two ERP components associated with memory function were identified in the difference waveform between the responses in the paired association task and those in the choice reaction task. One was a posterior positive component which appeared between 390 ms and 1100 ms after the S1 presentation and the other was a sustained frontal negative component which began at about 1100 ms after S1 and ended just before the S2 presentation. Both potentials were distributed predominantly on the scalp overlying the left hemisphere. It is postulated that the early posterior positive component may reflect retrieval of information from association memory, whereas the late frontal negativity may reflect retention of information in working memory.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Measurement of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid delta 7-reductase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts utilizing ergosterol as a substrate: a new method for the diagnosis of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.

A new sensitive and specific method for the evaluation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid delta 7-reductase activity, the defective enzyme in the Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLO) syndrome, is described. The assay is based on the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring to measure the mass of brassicasterol (ergosta-5,22-dien-3 beta-ol) produced by the incubation of ergosterol (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3 beta-ol) with cultured human skin fibroblasts. Although the conversion of ergosterol to brassicasterol was slower than the transformation of [3H]7-dehydrocholesterol to [3H] cholesterol, cells from control subjects produced brassicasterol efficiently. In contrast, cells form SLO patients produced very little brassicasterol (P < 0.0001, patients vs. parents or vs. controls). These results indicate that the reduction of ergosterol can be used as an assay for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid delta 7-reductase in human skin fibroblasts, which avoids the many problems caused by the instability and lack of availability of radiolabeled 7-dehydrocholesterol. The present method made it possible to diagnose the SLO syndrome with high sensitivity and reliability using a commercially available compound.

Cholestadienols↗

PubMed1996

[Quantitative analysis of 99mTc-GSA liver scintigraphy with graphical plot method].

99mTc-galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) is a newly developed receptor-binding agent, specific for the asialoglycoprotein receptor, which resides exclusively on the plasma membrane of mammalian hepatocytes. Liver scintigraphy using 99mTc-GSA was performed on 65 patients with liver diseases. Dynamic data were obtained by gamma camera during 20 minutes after the intravenous injection of 3 mg (185 MBq) of 99mTc-GSA. The maximum removal rate of 99mTc-GSA (denoted as P(2)) was measured by two methods: nonlinear five-compartment model analysis adopting the Michaelis-Menten constant for the transfer of 99mTc-GSA from hepatic blood to receptor, and a graphical plot using compartmental dose curves. The graphical plot could estimate easily the maximum removal rate in terms of two data points of 0 and 1 minutes without nonlinear least squares and numerical integration. The results indicated that the maximum removal rate was decided immediately after the intravenous injection of 99mTc-GSA. Although 99mTc-GSA is recognized to accumulate nonlinearly on the liver, the rate constant P(2)*(1/min) of transfer from hepatic blood to the receptor was estimated by graphical plot, assuming a linear five-compartment model. P(2)*Km, which was given by the product of the rate constant P(2)* and the Michaelis constant Km, was well correlated with P(2). Next, for 99mTc-GSA liver scintigraphy, we applied a Patlak plot that was applicable to the linear system, and the rate constant Ku of transfer from extrahepatic blood to the liver was estimated. From the results of graphical plot, it was theoretically shown that Ku represented P(2). This was confirmed by clinical data.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Studies on changes in the ratio of free to total PSA after endocrine treatment of prostate carcinoma].

The post-diagnostic changes in the free to total PSA ratio in the serum of patients with prostate carcinoma, after the initiation of endocrine treatment were examined. Two-week pretreatment with either chlormadinone acetate (100 mg/day) or flutamide (375 ng/day) was administered orally to 14 patients with newly diagnosed advanced prostate carcinoma (clinical stage was C in 2, Dl in 1 and D2 in 11). Then the LH-RH analogue was injected. Total and free PSA in the serum of these patients were measured every 4 weeks by the Ab bead PSA (Eiken) and the recently developed assay for free PSA by Eiken, respectively. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 9 months with a median of 6 months. Levels of both total and free PSAs decreased significantly following the endocrine treatment, while free to total PSA ratio at 4 to 16 weeks after the start of LH-RH analogue was increased significantly compared to the pretreatment level (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the rate of decrease of complex PSA during the first 4 months after the beginning of treatment may exceed that of free PSA in the serum of patients with advanced prostate carcinoma initially treated with endocrine therapy.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Distribution of proteoglycans in the trabecular tissue of eyes with neovascular glaucoma.

We investigated histo-chemically the composition and distribution of proteoglycans in the trabecular tissue of eyes with neovascular glaucoma. Cupromeronic blue in combination with a series of enzyme digestions and nitrous acid treatment were used. The spaces between the trabecular beams were lined by a single layer of vascular endothelium and were filled with red blood cells. A basal lamina and microfibrils were detected just beneath the newly formed vascular endothelial cells. Chondroitin-sulfate- and dermatan-sulfate-type proteoglycans were present in association with collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix. Heparan-sulfate-type proteoglycans were present in association with the basal lamina of both the vascular endothelial cells and the trabecular cells. It is unlikely that these abnormalities in the type or distribution of proteoglycans in the trabecular meshwork have a major role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Human esophageal carcinomas frequently express the tumor-rejection antigens of MAGE genes.

The human genes MAGE-1 and -3 encode melanoma peptide antigens that are recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Tumors expressing MAGE genes are potential targets for cancer immunotherapy, because MAGE genes are expressed only in tumor tissue and not in any normal tissue except testis and placenta. However, little is known about MAGE gene expression in human esophageal carcinoma. The purpose of this study was therefore to analyze MAGE gene status in human esophageal carcinoma. We studied the expression status of these genes in 42 surgical samples and in 12 cell lines of human esophageal carcinoma using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Various clinicopathological factors were also analyzed. No MAGE gene expression was seen in any of the 42 normal esophageal tissue specimens. In contrast, tumor tissue expressed MAGE-1, -2, and -3 in 26, 18 and 24 specimens, respectively. Thirty-three of 42 tumors expressed at least one MAGE gene. Significant clinicopathologic differences between the tumors were not observed, regardless of the presence or absence of MAGE gene expression. In cell lines, MAGE-1, -2, and -3 gene expression was recognized in 5, 4 and 4 cell lines, respectively. This study demonstrates that MAGE genes are frequently expressed in clinical samples as well as in cell lines of esophageal carcinoma. The identification of MAGE genes, therefore, may open up a new modality of treatment, namely specific immunotherapy, for patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Protective immune responses induced by secretion of a chimeric soluble protein from a recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin vector candidate vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in small animals.

A recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vector-based vaccine that secretes the V3 principal neutralizing epitope of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) could induce immune response to the epitope and prevent the viral infection. By using the Japanese consensus sequence of HIV-1, we successfully constructed chimeric protein secretion vectors by selecting an appropriate insertion site of a carrier protein and established the principal neutralizing determinant (PND)-peptide secretion system in BCG. The recombinant BCG (rBCG)-inoculated guinea pigs were initially screened by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reactions to the PND peptide, followed by passive transfer of the DTH by the systemic route. Further, immunization of mice with the rBCG resulted in induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The guinea pig immune antisera showed elevated titers to the PND peptide and neutralized HIVMN, and administration of serum IgG from the vaccinated guinea pigs was effective in completely blocking the HIV infection in thymus/liver transplanted severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)/hu or SCID/PBL mice. In addition, the immune serum IgG was shown to neutralize primary field isolates of HIV that match the neutralizing sequence motif by a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based virus neutralization assay. The data support the idea that the antigen-secreting rBCG system can be used as a tool for development of HIV vaccines.

AIDS Vaccines↗