Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Holm

Publications and source records attributed to M Holm.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Prescription of psychopharmaceuticals in general practice. 3. Prescription of hypnotics].

In a multicentre-questionnaire investigation in general practice in the County of Arhus with participation of 66% of the general practitioners in the county, 1,516 prescriptions for hypnotics were registered during one week. 68% of the prescriptions were for women and 32% for men. The average ages of the patients were 65 and 64 years, respectively. The frequency of prescription increased markedly with age. 83% of the prescriptions and 85% of the hypnotics calculated in defined daily doses were benzodiazepines. The majority of the benzodiazepine hypnotics and sedatives prescribed had long half-lives. At the time of the first prescription of hypnotic, 31% of the patients were in a state of mental crisis while only 7% were so after medication for at least six years. In about 30% of the patients, a co-existing somatic disease contributed to a considerable extent to the prescription of the hypnotic while under 1/5 of the patients suffered from genuine mental illness. Approximately 20% of the patients were considered to be potential or genuine addicts. More than 80% of the renewed prescriptions occurred by indirect doctor-patient contact.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Deregistration of barbiturates. A follow-up study after 1 year].

On January 1st 1986, all hypnotics and sedatives containing barbiturates were removed from the Danish Drug Register. After one year, a follow-up investigation of previous barbiturate users was undertaken with the object of investigating the significance of various factors for cessation or continuation of use of psychotropic drugs in connection with the removal of barbiturates from the Danish Drug Register. The investigation was carried out of a questionnaire investigation in general practice with participation of 82 practices. Information was obtained concerning 141 previous barbiturate users. Twenty-four of these had stopped (17%, 95% confidence limits 11-23) having psychotropic drugs prescribed during the course of the year in question. In particular, patients without or with slight mental conditions ceased using drugs (p = 0.02). An age and sex stratified analysis revealed that more patients who had obtained the preparation by direct doctor-patient contact stopped the habit (odds ratio 3.00, 95% confidence limits 1.04-8.61). Other factors were without significant significance for continued use or cessation, respectively. In 75% of the patients, adjustment was, in the opinion of the general practitioner, easy. Out of 105 patients who continued to have psychotropic drugs prescribed and where the preparation employed was known, 90 (86%) were prescribed benzodiazepines.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Factors affecting prescription of psychotropic drugs in general practice.

During one week in 1985, 227 general practitioners (GPs) in the county of Aarhus, Denmark, recorded all their prescriptions of psychotropic drugs, amounting to 4,180 prescriptions for 3756 patients. There was great variation in the rate of prescribing among the GPs. The median number of prescribed defined daily doses per 1,000 registered patients per day was 84, and the corresponding median number of prescriptions per 1,000 patients per week was 14. There was a significantly lower rate of prescribing of psychotropic drugs by rural/small town GPs, compared with GPs in major cities (odds ratio, 0.84; 99% confidence limits, 0.77-0.91), after correction for differences in patients' age and sex. There were no differences in rate of prescribing among GPs in relation to size and type of practice, nor to the age and sex of the GP.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Prescription of benzodiazepines in general practice in the county of Arhus, Denmark.

During one week in 1985, 227 general practitioners in the County of Arhus, Denmark, recorded their prescriptions of benzodiazepines. In all 2,812 prescriptions were recorded, for 2,574 patients. The sex ratio (male/female) was 1.0/2.0. The incidence of first-time prescriptions was 26.0 prescriptions/1,000 inhabitants/year. The prescription rate, calculated as defined daily doses/1,000 inhabitants/day, was highest for minor tranquillizers in the age group 60-69, whereas for hypnotics/sedatives it was highest in the age group 70+. Of minor tranquillizers, 83-84% were prescribed as anxiolytics, and of hypnotics/sedatives, 98% were prescribed as hypnotics. Only 18-28% of patients had a diagnosis of psychiatric illness. Between 62-75% of patients received no other treatment than a benzodiazepine prescription. At the time of the first prescriptions, 44-57% of the patients were mentally distressed. For about 33% of patients, a somatic illness was of essential importance for the prescription. Twenty-six percent of the men and 17% of the women taking benzodiazepines were recognized as real or potential abusers. Eighty-three percent of repeat prescriptions were prescribed through indirect contacts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Risk factors for intraoperative complications in 1000 extracapsular cataract cases.

A prospective study of the risk factors in extracapsular surgery was carried out between October 1984 and April 1986. One thousand extracapsular cataract extractions were performed by seven physicians. Decreasing pupil size was the only statistically significant risk factor for vitreous loss (P = 0.0002). Zonular breaks occurred more commonly with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PX) (P less than 0.0001), with decreasing pupil size (P less than 0.0001), and with one surgeon who used the Simcoe aspirating needle (Storz) exclusively (P = 0.0001). It is acknowledged that it is very difficult to standardize what constitutes a small zonular break; hence, the increase in zonular breaks recorded by this surgeon may have been due only to his using less stringent criteria than the others. Capsule breaks had no significant risk factors at the 0.01 level. High myopia, advanced cataract, glaucoma, advanced age, and diabetes mellitus were not found to be risk factors for vitreous loss, zonular breaks, or capsular breaks.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Lipofection: a highly efficient, lipid-mediated DNA-transfection procedure.

A DNA-transfection protocol has been developed that makes use of a synthetic cationic lipid, N-[1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA). Small unilamellar liposomes containing DOTMA interact spontaneously with DNA to form lipid-DNA complexes with 100% entrapment of the DNA, DOTMA facilitates fusion of the complex with the plasma membrane of tissue culture cells, resulting in both uptake and expression of the DNA. The technique is simple, highly reproducible, and effective for both transient and stable expression of transfected DNA. Depending upon the cell line, lipofection is from 5- to greater than 100-fold more effective than either the calcium phosphate or the DEAE-dextran transfection technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A common DNA polymorphism of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene and its use in diagnosis.

A cloned gene probe coding for the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor was used to detect a restriction fragment length polymorphism with the enzyme Pvu II. The frequency of the rare allele is approximately 0.2 both in normal controls and individuals with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). About 30% of individuals are heterozygous for the polymorphism, and are potentially informative for family studies and for early diagnosis of FH. This polymorphism was used to follow the inheritance of the LDL receptor gene in two families with FH. In these families, the polymorphism co-segregates with the disease unambiguously, and therefore can be used for early diagnosis.

Alleles↗
PubMed1985

The isolation, characterisation, and chromosomal assignment of the gene for human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, (HMG-CoA reductase).

We have used a cDNA clone for Chinese hamster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase to isolate a genomic recombinant for human HMG-CoA reductase. The identity of the gene was confirmed by partial sequence analysis. Several unique fragments that will be useful for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) studies were identified. In situ hybridisation of a 2.6 kb unique fragment of the gene to human metaphase chromosomes localised the human HMGCoA reductase gene to human chromosome 5q12.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

We reviewed all available chest X-rays of 95 patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PF) had previously been made in 13 patients, nine of whom had been operated on. Another three cases were found in the review. The 16 patients with HHT and PF came from eight families, one of which contributed seven patients. Median observation time between the first and the latest chest X-ray examination was 11 years (range 1/2-35). Growth of the PF was seen in four patients and spontaneous regression in one. Four of the 16 patients with PF had symptoms consistent with cerebral embolism, while only two of the 79 patients without PF had such symptoms. This study is part of an epidemiological investigation of HHT--to our knowledge not carried out before. The calculated period prevalence of simultaneous HHT and PF in the decade 1964-74 in the county of Fyn (429 207 inhabitants) was 2.6 per 100 000.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ioxaglate, a new low osmolar contrast medium used in femoral angiography.

Ioxaglate, a new monoacid, dimeric contrast medium was compared with diatrizoate (Urografin 60%) in a series of 61 femoral angiographies. In a double blind group of 34 examinations all patients preferred ioxaglate which caused slight pain in only five cases, whereas after diatrizoate 14 patients felt severe pain (six were unable to keep their legs still) and 12 felt slight pain. Increase in heart rate and decrease in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure was seen after both contrast medium injections, but significantly less after ioxaglate than after diatrizoate.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Postoperative pulmonary complications in upper abdominal surgery. A randomized clinical comparison between physiotherapy and blow-bottles.

Blow-bottles were compared with conventional postoperative pulmonary physiotherapy in a randomized trial of 98 patients undergoing gastric or biliary tract surgery. Radiological evidence of postoperative pulmonary lesions found by "blind" evaluation of the films occurred with the same frequency in the two groups (30.6%). Blow-bottles were found preferable to physiotherapy because they are less time-consuming.

Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1977

Controlled trial of acebutolol in hypertension.

Acebutolol, a new cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, has been evaluated for the treatment of hypertension. Thirty eight previously untreated male patients with essential hypertension received placebo treatment during a 4-week run-in period, and then they were randomly (double-bind) allocated either to continued placebo treatment for three 4-week periods or to treatment with acebutolol 400, 600, and 1200 mg daily, respectively, for three 4-week periods. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at the end of each 4-week period. Treatment with acebutolol produced statistically significant reductions in blood pressure and heart rate as compared to the placebo regimen.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1977

Structural analysis by mass spectrometry of the major mammalian retinal ganglioside, a sialyl-sialyl-dihexosyl-ceramide.

The major mammalian retinal ganglioside was analysed by mass spectrometry. Three types of derivatives were used, the fully methylated, the methylated and reduced and the methylated, reduced and trimethylsilylated compound. The mass spectra unambiguously showed the ganglioside to be a sialyl-sialyl-dihexosyl-ceramide. This is the first conclusive proof that the two N-acetylneuraminic acids are bound to each other constituting the terminal disaccharide. The major species contained sphingosine and stearic acid.

Animals↗