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Biomedical subjects

M Hofmann

Publications and source records attributed to M Hofmann.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Ergot alkaloids and cyclic nucleotides in the CNS.

Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine show a higher blocking effect towards the dopamine-induced stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity than to the apomorphine-induced stimulation. This could reflect a possible specificity of the compound to dopaminergic receptor. Bromocriptine blocks in a more competitive way the activation of adenylate cyclase induced in vitro by dopamine, but increases the levels of cAMP in rat striatum in vivo. This effect is blocked by haloperidol and reserpine when given together with bromocriptine. On the base of the biochemical observation and various behavioral data the drug has been used in the treatment of parkinsonism with contrasting results and of Huntington's chorea. Moreover, bromocriptine induces a marked decrease of cGMP levels in cerebellum such as haloperidol and chloropromazine while apomorphine and other dopaminergic drugs increase the levels of cGMP. At the dose of 1 mg/kg, bromocriptine as well as DH-ergotoxine markedly reduces the levels of striatal DOPAC.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1978

[Geometric-mathematical analysis of errors during transfer to the articulator and their practical consequences. II].

With the aid of a computer faults are examined which result in the occlusal surfaces when several articular parameters are simultaneously wrongly applied in laterotrusion. The calculations which are derived from the geometrical relations of the Dentatus articulator refer to a circular field of 3 mm radius on a molar tooth. Vertical deviations, which are caused by faulty setting up of a preferred articulator size, evidently depend on the angle of the joint on the balancing side and depend on the working side on the sagittal position of the model in relation to the condylar axis and on the length of the condylar axis. In the most unfavourable case, errors of the order of 1.3 mm on the balancing side and of 0.75 mm on the working side were demonstrated. As regards horizontal deviations, all articulator sizes were shown to be independent of one another. The effects of faulty setting up on periodontal strain is presented in a practical example.

Computers↗
PubMed1978

[Clinical, bacteriological and histological mucosal findings in the regions of bridge pontics].

Clinical, bacteriological and histological findings based on 30 bridges with ceramic and metal members showed that covering large mucosal surfaces need not lead to severe inflammatory changes of the mucosa or papilla. If the intermediate members have to rest on a punctiform or small surface of the alveolar crest on hygienic and tissue-sparing grounds, the use of glazed porcelain or--with certain reservations-- of highly polished metal can be justified when required for phonetic, functional or aesthetic reasons.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1978

[Evaluation of blocking and activation response of focal EEG abnormalities by opening and closing the eyes (author's transl)].

Blocking and activation of constant focal EEG abnormalities by opening and closing the eyes were assessed by visual analysis in 173 EEG recordings of 173 patients. Correlations between single variable were weak in general and did not gain statistical significance in any case. The blocking response had similar extent on both hemispheres. There was no sign of direct dependence from extra- or intracerebral localisation of the causal process. However, the biplot method of computing the results discovered several constellations of variables responsible for blocking and activation. Two of them are reported here. 1) Both responses were more prominent at frontal than at occipital areas. 2) A prodominant slowing localized in mainly frontal regions on the left hemisphere and caused by a process extending from extracerebral or cortical to subcortical showed the greatest tendency to be blocked by opening the eyes while the cause of the focus had no influence.

Alpha Rhythm↗
PubMed1977

[Modern principles of incorporation of total dental prosthesis (author's transl)].

A promising therapy with total prostheses is only possible if it is possible to incorporate the prostheses into the functional processes of the oral cavity without disturbance and to coordinate it with the functions of the mandibular joint and the musculature. Overemphasis of a measure does not ensure success, only the cooperation of physical biomechanical, functional and psychic factors.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1977

[Composition and residence of hospitalised oral-surgical patients of the University of Halle dental clinic during 1962-1972].

The present paper presents selected results from a statistical inquiry about the composition and the residence of the inpatients of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Stomatology of the Clinic and Policlinic of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg during the years 1962-1972. Preference is given to those results that illustrate the general situation of oral surgery in the GDR and emphasize the importance of this specialty in the framework of medical care of the population. Special attention is focused on problems concerning the area catered for. It is shown that the possibilities of the inpatient sector and the size of the area catered for are out of proportion.

Dental Clinics↗
PubMed1977

[Geometric-mathematical analysis of transition errors in the articulator and their practical effects].

In a computerized program based on the conditions in the Dentatus articulator, those errors were calculated and graphically represented which resulted from the inaccurate registration of the following parameters: Sagittal and caudal distance of incisal point to condyle axis, condyle dise put into relation to 2 mm laterotrusion of a molar point. In both the frontal and the horizontal plane, the individual parameters led to differently great errors which influenced the working and the balancing sides differently. The greatest errors occur when changing the angle of the inclination of the mandibular condyle path and the sagittal and caudal distance of incisal point to condyle axis. Errors of several tenths of a millimeter in the frontal plane are potential disturbing factors.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1976

[Long-term results in electric pacemaker therapy].

It is reported on experiences and results in 317 patients with altogether 690 implantations of pacemakers from 1963 to 1974 and under comparison and with reference to the up to now existing long-term results published in literature state and tendency of the medical and technical development of the electric heart stimulation are discussed. The average age of outpatients was 62.9 years with a peak of age of 46% in the 7th decade of life. 60% were male patients, 40% female ones. With about 50% the constant total atrioventricular block was the most frequent indication. 63% of the familiar types of pacemakers were biotronic apparatuses, 36% of them with fixed frequency. The average duration of the function of all apparatuses was calculated with 20.1 months. Hereby the biotronic types had the longest average function times of 26.7 months (frequency fixed) or 26.3 months (regulated). In 373 reimplantations is shown that 2.17 apparatuses were implanted in each patient. The total number of complications was 21.2% related to the total number of implantations. With 8.9% breaks of the cable were in the first place in myocardial electrodes. Dislocations of transvenous electrodes were observed only in 4.5% of our cases. With 5.8% pressure necroses and infections were the cause of complications stood in the second place concerning frequency. The total lethality was 23.7% with an age peak of 38% in the 8th decade of life. 13.4% of the cases of death belong to an early lethality with a prevailing part of epicardial implantations. In our patients the cumulative survival rate was after 1 year 89.3%, after 5 years 62.3% and after 8 years 47.7%. The 50% survival rate was ca. 7.3 years. In comparison to the population of the same age the average expectance of life is transgressed by about 6 years. The prolongation of the survival time by electrostimulation compared with the conservative treatment of the total atrioventricular block with Adams-Stokes-syndrome is the essential result of the pacemaker therapy.

Adams-Stokes Syndrome↗