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Biomedical subjects

M Hoffmann

Publications and source records attributed to M Hoffmann.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Cell proliferation in human cerebral tumors. In vivo study of 45 cases by incorporation of 5-iododesoxyuridine].

A method to study the proliferation of human brain tumors, is presented. Non radioactive 5-Iododeoxyuridine (2.4 gr) infused over a 24 hours period is detected in situ on histologic section by an immunological technique (peroxidase-anti-peroxidase) using a specific anti-Iododeoxyuridine antibody. This exploration utilised in 45 patients is easy, reliable and harmless. All cells which enter in S phase of cellular cycle during the infusion are labelled. So the cellular kinetics of all the brain tumor cells (malignant cells, inflammatory stroma reaction cells, reactive astrocytes, endothelial and muscular cells of the vessels) are detected on the same histological section, as well as all the others proliferative cells of the body (leukocytes, primitive tumor of the metastatic brain localisation...) if multiples biopsies are done. 8 of 9 gliomas of low histological malignancy (grade I and II) have a slow cellular kinetic. The 23 astrocytomas of different histological malignancy (grade III and IV) have variable proliferative speed (7 very fast, 8 fast and 8 slow). Only the large cells of the pinealoma are very proliferative, the lymphoid stroma is quiescent. The 5 metastasis have a slow to very fast kinetic without correlation with the cellular differentiation except in one case (important differentiation and slow cellular proliferation). The 5 lymphoma cells kinetics are well correlated with the histologic differentiation (3 large cells poor differentiated lymphomas and very fast kinetic, 2 better differentiated and slower proliferation). The 2 meningiomas proliferate slowly. The biochemical and histopathological grounds of the presented method and the limits of quantification are discussed. This method is compared with this using Bromodeoxyuridine. The correlation between proliferation and histologic malignancy is analysed. The use of cytokinetic results for therapeutic and prognosis need further statistical anatomoclinical studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of energy concentration and source on the use of feed protein and NPN in lambs. 3. Allantoin excretion and microbial protein synthesis].

In an N balance experiment with male crossbreeding lambs at an age of 3 ... 4 months four different rations were given differing in energy concentration (high greater than 700 EFU cattle/kg DM and low less than 650 EFU cattle/kg DM) and in the energy source (sugar, starch or crude fibre) with crude protein intake being almost equal. The rations contained 2% urea. Microbial protein synthesis in the rumen was assessed according to ROTH and KIRCHGESSNER (1978) (1), RYS et al. (1975) (2) and BICKEL-BAUMANN and LANDIS (1986) (3) on the basis of allantoin excretion in urine. The highest ruminal protein synthesis quotas were 868 ... 921 mg protein N per kg LW0.75 in (2). In (3) 723 ... 766 mg protein N/kg LW0.75 were synthesized. From the 15N labelling of the supplemented urea and the excreted allantoin it could be calculated that 26 ... 40% of the microbial protein resulted from the urea-N of the ration. Despite a high crude protein content of the ration of between 16 and 17% in the DM and a relation of NPN: pure protein of 0.95 the utilization of the NPN in the ration was relatively high but slightly lower than the utilization of pure protein. The variants with higher energy concentration showed as a tendency higher allantoin excretion in spite of slightly lower dry matter intake and a slightly higher NPN utilization than the variants with lower energy concentration.

Allantoin↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of pregnancy and lactation on digestive processes in sheep].

The average passage time, the rumen fluid volume and the digestibility of the organic matter were determined in addition to 3 individual feeding experiments with fertility oriented crossbreed ewes, which received pelleted straw-concentrate mixtures. The average passage time of the feed particles through the digestive tract is shorter in pregnant animals than in lactating ones. It is longest in non-pregnant sheep. High quotas of straw and coarse particles prolong the passage time, increasing feed intake and supplements of long straw shorten it. The volume of rumen fluid is lower in ewes fed ad libitum in the stage of late pregnancy and after lactation than during lactation. The rumen fluid volume is also lower in restrictively fed animals during the stage of late pregnancy than during lactation. In animals in the stage of late pregnancy it correlates negatively with the weight of the litter. On an average of all experiments at maintenance level the digestibility of the organic matter in ewes in the 4th month of pregnancy gravidity amounted to 56.6%, in the 2nd month of lactation to 59.8% and in wethers to 59.5% Due to an increase of energy intake from maintenance to 2. maintenance digestibility of the straw-concentrate mixture with 40% straw decreased by 5.5 units and of that with 60% straw by 17.8 units in the period before delivery. Pregnancy in the 4th month resulted in a digestion depression of between 3.0 and 5.8 units.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Consumption and ruminating behavior of sheep. 4. Experiments on young female sheep in different rearing intensities].

In the framework of two rearing experiments with female merino meat sheep, measurings of the consumption and ruminating behaviour were carried out. Animals raised with a lot of roughage ruminated longer both in their lamb and young sheep periods. An increased quota of roughage in the ration increased both the ruminating time and the number of chewing moves and cycles significantly for young sheep. The dry matter intake capacity of animals raised with high quotas of roughage was by 14 and 8% resp. higher in the lamb period and by 26 and 18% resp. higher in the young sheep period. Rations with 24% chopped and dried green fodder and 11 ... 14% resp. crude fibre brought about a period of more than 6 hours ruminating and a minimum of 22,000 ruminating movements per day for lambs. Young sheep raised with high quotas of roughage showed an increased ruminating activity in subsequent periods of sole feeding with roughage.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

[Consumption and ruminating behavior in sheep. 5. Continuous registration and recording of consumption and rumination dependent jaw movements in sheep based on acceleration measurements].

A method of the registration of the feed intake and ruminating behaviour of sheep which uses piezoelectric converters was tested. The appliance-technological solution and the feasibility and routine measurings are described. It showed that measurings on the basis of acceleration registration produced similar results as the 'halter method with plate feelers' used so far and that disturbance of the test animals is reduced.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

[In vivo study of human tumor cell proliferation, by histo-immunodetection of 5-iododeoxyuridine incorporated into DNA].

5 Iododeoxyuridine (IDU) was administered, (2.4 g by continuous infusion for 24 hrs.) without adverse effect, to 18 patients bearing thoracic tumours. 5 microns tissue sections were incubated with a monoclonal anti-IDU antibody. Cells that had incorporated IDU were identified immunohistochemically. The labelled cells number and situation vary from one tumor cell type to an other, from patient to patient and from territory to territory. The stroma components cells (inflammatory reaction, fibrosis...) were seldom labelled except for neovascularization. Normal tissues have different labelling indexes with their origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Initial results of the biocompatibility, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Aramid].

Tissue biocompatibility of aramid fibres was tested over up to 16 weeks after subcutaneous (A = nine) and intraarticular (B = twelve animals) implantation in the rabbit. Histologically all specimens showed connective tissue ingrowth with interspersed mesenchymal cells. Foreign body giant cells were numerous and demonstrated intracellular dye or aramid particles. Following implantation into the knee joint the aramid ligament was invaded by longitudinally arranged, stress-oriented collagen fibres as soon as four weeks postoperatively. In spite of reactive new bone formation a functional bony anchorage in the bore holes did not take place during the 16 week period. Additional investigations in bacteria (particularly the Salmonella-microsome Assay according to Ames) and mammalian cell cultures showed no evidence for any cyto- or genotoxic effects of aramid fibres.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Paralyses of the recurrent laryngeal nerve following strumectomy in late follow-up].

Over a period of 5 years, 323 patients underwent an operation on a goiter. A postoperative paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve occurred in 31 patients, most in malignancies and recurrent goiters. 26 patients were controlled at least 1 year after operation. 65% of the patients have a fully recovered voice and normal vocal cord function. Another 14% showed a normal voice for daily use by functional compensation of the paralysis. Only in 4 patients (16%) the operation resulted in a permanent modest or severe hoarseness as consequence of a thyroidectomy in cancer.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1988

[Urea utilization in growing lambs. 6. N balance with 15N urea].

Lambs of an age of 2 or 4 months and of an average live weight of 14.7 and 27.4 kg resp. received rations consisting of 44% cereals, 46% dried sugar beet pulp, 6% wheat starch, 2% urea and 2% mineral-vitamin mixture. The crude protein content was 17.1 and 15.9% resp. in the dry matter, that of native crude protein 10.6 and 9.4% resp. During a 6-day N balance period 8 and 16 g 15N urea resp. with a 15N excess (15N') of 9.26 and 9.40 atom-% were fed orally instead of commercial feeding urea. There were no significant differences between the two age groups with regard to the digestibility of the organic matter and the crude nutrients. The average N balance of 372 +/- 85 mg/kg LW 0.75/day were in the intermediate range of N retention capacity and accounted for 26 +/- 5% of the consumed N. N retention in per cent. was slightly lower in younger lambs. Projections of urea utilization in a quasi stationary state resulted in an efficiency of the utilization of 33 +/- 4%. The dismembering of the lambs at the end of the main period showed between 0.02 and 0.22 atom-% 15N' in the total N, TCA precipitable N and amino acid N of the meat. At between 0.24 and 0.38 atom-% 15N' they were highest in the heart and jaw muscles. The quota of 15N' amounts found in the total N of the meat were 10.6 +/- 3% of the 15N-intake and 20.1 +/- 5.1% of the 15N' amount remaining in the body. The bones contained 7.7 +/- 1.7% and the fleece 7.9 +/- 3.1% of the 15N'-intake. Generally seen, the total N and urea utilization was slightly lower in younger lambs than in older ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[The nutrient and energy disposition of growing lambs. 2. Results of slaughter and animal carcass analysis].

A total of 90 lambs (fattening hybrids of either sex of three different genetic constructions and male merino meat sheep) were butchered at the beginning (9...16 kg live weight) or at the end (29...33 kg live weight) of a growth experiment. Total body and the meat of carcass, cutlet and loin were analysed. Significant differences between the genotypes could only proved in the crude ash content. The female animals showed a significantly higher content of fat, dry matter and energy as well as a significantly lower content of crude ash--at the end of the experiment also of protein--in the total body than the male animals. The content of nutrients and energy in the total body could be much more precisely derived regressively from the corresponding content values in the meat of the carcass than from the values of cutlet and loin.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[The nutrient and energy retention of growing lambs. 3. Material and energy retention in the animal body].

Retention in the animal body was studied in a growth experiment with lambs of various genetic constructions (3 different fattening hybrids of both sexes and male merino meat sheep). The result of the control butchering method was for female animals a significantly higher crude fat, dry matter and energy content as well as lower crude protein content in the weight gain than for the male animals, whereas there were no significant differences between the various genotypes. The daily crude protein retention was higher in the male animals as in the female lambs. The male fattening hybrids were superior to the merino meat sheep with regard to daily N retention and the productive protein value. Concerning energy maintenance requirement, there were no significant differences between the genotypes or the sexes either. The N balance method resulted in similar statements on N retention as the control butchering method did, it produced, however, higher absolute values and a higher standard deviation. Conclusions for the standardization of the requirement and for the methodology of the experiments are drawn.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1987

[The effect of reduced drinking water supply on feed absorption, apparent digestibility of crude nutrients and rumen fermentation of sheep].

Based on the fact that the insufficient supply of agricultural domestic animals with drinking water in tropical and subtropical regions is often the factor limiting their performance, the effect of different drinking water supply of sheep (ad libitum, 54% of ad libitum and 27% of ad libitum) on various parameters was studied. A water supply reduced to 54 and 27% resp. diminished dry matter intake to 84% and 45% resp. A water supply reduced to 54% improved the digestibility of organic matter, crude fibre, crude cellulose and N-free extractives, it was, however, not significant. A reduction to 27% of the ad libitum water supply improved the digestibility of all crude nutrients, significantly, however, only that of organic matter, crude fibre, crude cellulose and N-free extractives. In comparison with a supply of water reduced to 54%, a water supply reduced to 27% also resulted in an improvement of the digestibility of all crude nutrients. Both the reduction of the ad libitum water supply and the increasing time interval for the sampling of rumen fluid resulted in an increased concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid, which was sampled 15 min, 1 hour and 2 hours after feeding.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

[Consumption and ruminating behavior in sheep. 3. Experiments on infertile female sheep of different breeds with reference to feed type and feeding duration].

Ewes of the breeds merino fattening sheep, Stavropol merino and fertility hybrid were studied as to their consumption and ruminating behaviour after receiving a pelleted straw-concentrate mixture, maize silage and wilted silaged grass. During the feeding periods of 2 X 45 min or 2 X 180 min/d unlimited rations were available to the animals. With 86 min/d the sheep used the short feeding period nearly completely for feed intake. In the longer feeding period the sheep consumed 18% more feed in 161 min/d, ate more slowly, however, and ruminated somewhat less. In comparison with the straw-concentrate mixture, the silage rations were ruminated for shorter periods and less effectively, the number of ruminating movements per day and cycle was reduced, the breaks between bites became longer. The wilted grass silage stimulated ruminating even less than chopped maize silage. There were significant differences between the breeds in the ruminating frequency, which affected the number of ruminating movements per day and cycle.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

[The digestibility of crude nutrients in horses. 2. Comparative studies on the digestive capacity of a thoroughbred horse, pony and wether].

The digestibility of the crude nutrients of 6 rations on the basis of oat, hay and wheat straw (in one case a straw-concentrate mixture as sole feed) was compared at a nutrition level of 1.0 and 1.3 resp. with adult geldings of the species "Noble Crossbreed", adult pony geldings and wethers The energy concentration of the rations varied between 424 and 585 EFUcattle/kg DM, the crude fibre content between 17 and 25% of the DM. In the studied field, a good agreement between horse and pony could be ascertained as to the digestibility of the organic matter and NFE. There are partly considerable differences between the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fibre. The differences in the digestibility of crude fibre between horse and sheep increase with a growing crude fibre content. The differences of the apparent digestibility between horse and pony on the one hand and sheep on the other were highly significant in all cases.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

[The digestibility of crude nutrients in horses. 1. Methods of determining digestibility].

The ascertainment of the digestibility of crude nutrients in rations for horses requires the inclusion of movement-based performance as influencing factor. Under the consideration of this requirement, indicator methods gain significance in comparison with the standard method of collecting faeces completely. In two experiments the digestion of the crude nutrients in rations for horses was tested according to the standard method (complete collection of faeces) and the indicator method 4 N HCl-insoluble ash). According to the indicator method the digestibility of crude nutrients was slightly higher, the differences to the values of the standard method were statistically insignificant. Under consideration of the inhomogeneity of horse faeces and the possibility of doing without the complete collection of faeces, the indicator method with 4 N HCl-insoluble ash is to be preferred to the standard method. The analysis of air-dried faeces connected with the indicator method resulted in improved reproducibility due to the significantly better homogeneity. A recommendation is made for carrying out digestibility experiments with horses, in which the 4 N HCl indicator method is used.

Animal Feed↗