Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Ho

Publications and source records attributed to M Ho.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Cytomegalovirus infection in children undergoing open-heart surgery.

A group of 124 children undergoing open-heart surgery was followed prospectively in order to estimate the risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection due to transfused blood.Ninety-three patients (75%) had complement fixation (CF) titers of < 1:4 against CMV on admission. Of this seronegative subgroup, nine patients (9.7%) subsequently became infected with CMV. All nine showed seroconversion, and six were viruric 12-14 weeks after surgery. Comparative seroepidemiological studies of the hospital population showed that in the age ranges studied (3-16 yr), the infections seen in the study group represented a significant excess over expectation. This infection rate was consistent with a model of transmission by blood transfusion with a risk of 2.7% per unit but not proven.Thirty-one patients had CF antibody to CMV on admission. CMV was isolated from 14% of urines of seropositive children both before and after surgery, but only two patients showed CF antibody rises to CMV. Thus the frequency of CMV infection associated with open-heart surgery and transfusion could not be calculated in the seropositive subgroup.CMV infection was not related to the primary diagnosis or to Down's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The transplanted kidney as a source of cytomegalovirus infection.

To determine the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in renal-transplant recipients we followed 32 prospectively for six months after operation. As judged by serologic change and virus isolation the infection rate for the entire group was 66 per cent (21 of 32 patients) - 59 per cent (13 of 22) for seronegative patients and 80 per cent (eight of 10) for seropositive patients. Of 10 seronegative patients who received kidneys from seronegative donors, only three became infected. However, of 12 seronegative patients who received kidneys from seropositive donors, 10 became infected. Thus, there was a significant correlation between development of infection and seropositivity of the donor (P = 0.03), particularly when the recipient was seronegative (P = 0.02). Five possible and four definite recognizable clinical illnesses were associated with cytomegalovirus infection; all except two were in initially seronegative subjects who received kidneys from seropositive donors. Primary infection and disease in nonimmune recipients may be caused by cytomegalovirus transmitted by the kidneys of latently infected seropositive donors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Enhancement of mouse cytomegalovirus infection during host-versus-graft reaction.

C3H/He mice chronically infected with murine cytomegalovirus were given skin allografts from histoincompatible BALB/c donors. A significant increase in cytomegalovirus titers occurred within 3 days after placement of the graft in the spleens and kidneys of the allograft recipients as compared with control animals. No significant changes in virus titers were detected in the salivary gland, lung, liver, or blood of allograft recipients. These results indicate that the host-versus-graft reaction alone can enhance murine cytomegalovirus in a chronically infected host and may help explain the high incidence of cytomegalovirus infection seen after renal and other allograft transplantation in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Rapid onset of hyporesponsiveness to interferon induction on re-exposure to polyribonucleotide.

Only doses of complexed polyriboinosinic: polyribocytidylic acids sufficient to induce interferon, stimulated hyporesponsiveness to re-induction in rabbit kidney cells. Results of experiments designed to delineate the earliest time of appearance of hyporesponsiveness suggested the time of onset was less than i h after the end of a i h exposure to the inducer. The duration of hyporesponsiveness was about 24 h. Interferon itself did not produce hyporesponsiveness. Hence hyporesponsiveness must be related to an event or a substance synthesized before interferon production. The best candidate is a control protein inhibiting interferon production which is rapidly synthesized following exposure to an inducer.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Interferon.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Determination of site of infection in endocarditis.

Medical-surgical treatment of antibiotic refractory endocarditis requires determination of the site of infection, which is not always possible with conventional cardiac catheterization. The cases of two patients with right-sided endocarditis who survived after combined medical-surgical therapy are presented. One had persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia and three possible sites of infection. Multiple quantitative blood cultures proximal and distal to each suspected site indicated the pulmonary valve alone was infected. The second had sustained bacteremia with three enteric organisms and no apparent valvular abnormality. Quantitative cultures excluded the abdomen as the continuing source of bacteremia and suggested the tricuspid valve was infected. This was confirmed by a second catheterization using multiple cultures in conjuction with dye dilution studies, intracardiac phonocardiography, and angiography. These bacteriologic and cardiologic techniques may be especially useful in detecting right-sided endocarditis and may also be helpful in detecting concomitant infection of both sides of the heart.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Adhesive tape: potential source of nosocomial bacteria.

During a 7-day period, a variety of bacteria, including opportunistic ones, were recovered from 23 rolls of adhesive tape being used in a 16-bed intensive care unit. All rolls of tape were sterile when received from the manufacturer. Mixed flora was recovered from a total of 15 rolls, whereas eight rolls yielded pure cultures. Organisms recovered included Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and various species of Enterobacteriaceae. Although no illness or infection arising directly from contaminated adhesive tape has been documented, we feel that a potential source of infection has been identified. Most important is the fact that such tape may contaminate the hands of personnel who handle it. Also, the adhesive tape may directly contaminate a patient since it is widely used to secure artificial airways and various drainage tubes which results in the tape coming into close contact with the mucous membranes lining the patient's respiratory and urogenital tracts.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1974

Interferon administered in the cerebrospinal space and its effect on rabies in rabbits.

Because combined administration of intramuscular and intravenous interferon has been partially successful in the incubationary treatment of rabies, the effect of direct interferon administration into the cerebrospinal fluid space was tested. After injecting 1,800 U of interferon into the cisterna magna or the lateral ventricle, periodic samples, obtained by cisternal taps, showed that 1 to 5% remained after 24 h, as opposed to the known clearance of interferon from the bloodstream to this level within minutes. The distributions of interferon and (131)I-labeled albumin were similar as demonstrated by kinetics of clearance monitored over 24 h. Beginning with and after experimental infection of rabbits, daily intraventricular injections of one million units of interferon were given for as long as 3 weeks. Interferon was prepared from cell culture fluids after pressure dialysis and chromatography on Sephadex G-100. This intensive treatment did not prevent encephalitis, but prolonged the length of the incubation period by one- to two-thirds. The outcome after intraventricular administration was not as favorable as when one million units equally divided between intramuscular and intravenous injections were given at the time of challenge. Interferon administered in the subarachnoid space in this fashion is apparently inadequate to protect the rabbit against rabies. Its role as an adjunct measure, or other methods of administration in the nervous system, remains to be examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Viral encephalitis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Arbovirus Infections↗