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Biomedical subjects

M Ho

Publications and source records attributed to M Ho.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Opportunistic Trichosporon pneumonia. Association with invasive aspergillosis.

Two severely immunocompromised patients suffered extensive pulmonary infection with Trichosporon cutaneum (T beigelii) and Aspergillus species. In one patient, the T cutaneum demonstrated yeast forms in tissue sections. The other patient had T cutaneum fungemia prior to death, and examination of lung tissue demonstrated both yeast and hyphal forms. To our knowledge, these patients are the first described with polymycotic infection involving T cutaneum and Aspergillus species. Trichosporon cutaneum must be added to Candida, Torulopsis, and Cryptococcus species as a cause of visceral opportunistic yeast infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Primary disseminated herpes simplex infection with fulminant hepatitis following renal transplantation.

A patient had disseminated herpes simplex, type 1, virus infection manifested by fulminant hepatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The diagnosis was established by isolation of the virus from throat, urine, and buffy coat and confirmed at autopsy by the visualization of typical inclusions, demonstration of herpesvirus particles by electron microscopy, and specific immunoperoxidase staining. Therapy with vidarabine did not alter the fatal course. On the basis of clinical features and serologic results, the case represented a disseminated primary infection with herpes simplex, rather than reactivation of an endogenous infection, following renal transplantation.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Role of specific cytotoxic lymphocytes in cellular immunity against murine cytomegalovirus.

Cytotoxic lymphocytes were generated in vitro against murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-infected cells by incubation with ultraviolet light-irradiated, infected fibroblasts. When passively transferred, they reduced virus titers in spleens of mice 1 day after infection with MCMV. Protection was abrogated by anti-theta serum and complement. Spleen cells from mice infected for 6 to 14 days protected mice better than cells from mice after infection for 1, 3, or 30 days. Protection by in vitro- and in vivo-generated cells was H-2K or H-2D restricted. Specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are therefore present and operative during acute MCMV infection. However, MCMV infection inhibited the development of primary cytotoxic response against ectromelia virus. It also suppressed the ability of lymphocytes from mice with established memory for ectromelia to develop secondary cytotoxic cells in vitro, and it inhibited the development of memory cells for the cytotoxic response to ectromelia virus. In view of these data and the inability of animals recovering from MCMV infection to eliminate all infected cells, the cytotoxic response to MCMV may be qualitatively or quantitatively deficient.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Response of cloned progeny of clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus to human leukocyte interferon.

First- and third-generation cloned progeny viruses were derived from clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus and examined for their sensitivities to human interferon by inhibition of plaque formation in Vero cells. The dose-response curves obtained with the first- and third-generation clones were similar to those obtained with the parental isolates, and both the parent and the clones showed similar sensitivities to interferon. These results suggest that clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus consist of a homogeneous population of virus particles with respect to interferon sensitivity. The dose-response curves obtained with herpes simplex virus demonstrated a shallower slope than those obtained with vesicular stomatitis virus. Vesicular stomatitis virus plaque formation as completely inhibited at high concentrations of interferon, whereas complete inhibition of plaque formation by herpes simplex virus did not occur at the highest concentration of interferon used. Cloned progeny were derived from plaques appearing in the presence of high concentrations of interferon. The dose-response curves and interferon sensitivities of these clones were similar to those of the parent and third-generation clone from which they were derived. There was no evidence for genetic heterogeneity with respect to interferon sensitivity.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1980

Tuberculous bacillemia, hyperpyrexia, and rapid death.

Hyperpyrexia, followed rapidly by multiple organ failure and death, developed in a previously healthy man. Postmortem examination indicated disseminated tuberculosis with adrenal involvement, but also evidence compatible with heat stroke. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from a routine blood culture. The patient's symptoms may have been the result of his bacillemia or the result of unapparent tuberculous chronic adrenocortical insufficiency that made him unusually sensitive to heat.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Prevention of reactivated herpes simplex infection by human leukocyte interferon after operation on the trigeminal root.

Microneurosurgical procedures on the trigeminal-nerve root are often followed by reactivation of herpes simplex virus infection, manifested by herpes labialis or oropharyngeal herpesvirus shedding or both. In a double-blind study of the ability of human leukocyte interferon to prevent this reactivation, patients with a history of herpes labialis were given 7 x 10(4) U of interferon per kilogram of body weight per day or placebo for five days beginning on the day before operation. In 18 patients treated with placebo, herpes labialis developed in 10, and virus shedding in the oropharynx in 15. In 19 patients treated with interferon, lesions developed in five, and shedding in eight. The frequency of reactivation as measured by lesions or positive throat cultures or both was significantly reduced by interferon (P less than 0.05). Of 127 daily throat-wash cultures in the placebo group, 42 per cent were positive for herpesvirus, but of 134 in the interferon group, only 9 per cent were positive (P less than 0.001). We conclude that interferon at a well-tolerated dosage reduces reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus infection after a potent operative stimulus.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Development in vitro of cytotoxic lymphocytes against murine cytomegalovirus.

Lymphocytes cytotoxic for mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) were produced by in vitro culture of "memory" spleen cells with UV-irradiated, MCMV-infected, MEF. Cytotoxic lymphocytes were developed from spleen cells of mice 10 to 240 days after infection with MCMV. The cytotoxic cells carried the theta and Ly 2 antigens, and were H-2 restricted in the recognition of infected target cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Characteristics of infection of B and T lymphocytes from mice after inoculation with cytomegalovirus.

Viremia was produced by inoculating intravenously BALB/c mice with murine cytomegalovirus. Virus was detected in plasma and granulocytes only during the first 8 days after infection. Lymphocyte-associated viremia, detectable by cocultivation on syngeneic or allogeneic fibroblasts, persisted for at least 4 weeks. Eight to 10 days after infection, sonicated lymphocytes had no demonstrable free virus. When whole lymphocytes with no demonstrable free virus were enclosed in a Millipore chamber and placed on a fibroblastic feeder layer, T cells produced free virus but B cells did not. Compared to normal calf serum, specific hyperimmune serum reduced B cell-associated infectious centers by 74% and T cell-associated infectious centers by only 38%. Normal mouse sera reduced by 36% and 30% infectious center production by B cells and T cells, respectively. Lymphocytes enriched with Fc receptor-positive cells produced significantly more infectious centers than receptor-negative cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Reactivation of herpes simplex virus after decompression of the trigeminal nerve root.

Reactivation of herpes simplex virus was prospectively studied in patients after microneurosurgical decompression of the trigeminal sensory root, a new operation for trigeminal neuralgia in which the nerve is not sectioned. Reactivation was detected in 28 (50%) of 56 patients. Virus was cultured from oropharyngeal secretions in 25 patients, and 21 patients developed cutaneous herpetic lesions. Seven patients had positive throat-wash (TW) cultures but did not develop lesions, and the converse occurred in three patients. Eighteen patients had both positive TW cultures and herpetic lesions. In eight of nine instances in which a sequence was determinable, TW cultures were positive before lesions developed. A history of recurrent herpes labialis was associated with a higher risk of developing reactivation postoperatively (59.4% vs. 31.6%, P less than 0.05). These observations suggest that minimal stimulation or inapparent trauma to the trigeminal sensory root is sufficient to activate latent herpes simplex virus in humans. These patients provide unique opportunities to study immunologic responses and therapeutic measures.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1978

A controlled investigation of the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin and tobramycin in obese subjects.

For determination of the best basis on which to calculate dosages of gentamicin or tobramycin to be administered to obese patients, the pharmacokinetics of these drugs were studied in 13 obese subjects and 13 subjects of a normal weight following intravenous infusion of 1 mg/kg. Half-lives, elimination constants, and absolute and relative volumes of distribution were calculated. Concentrations of drug in serum were significantly higher and relative volumes of distribution were significantly lower in obese subjects as compared with controls. However, relative volumes of distribution based on lean body mass of obese subjects were significantly greater than those of normal-weight subjects. These results indicate that gentamicin and tobramycin are distributed less to adipose tissue than to other tissues, but partial distribution to adipose tissue does occur. The mean relative volume of distribution in obese subjects closely approximated that in normal subjects when normalized body mass plus 40% of the adipose mass was used as the total weight in obese subjects.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

Activation of latent murine cytomegalovirus infection: cocultivation, cell transfer, and the effect of immunosuppression.

No free virus was detectable in any organ of DBA/2 mice greater than or equal to 16 weeks after infection with murine cytomegalovirus. Spleens were free of free lytic virus six weeks after infection. Spleen cells from such mice were shown to be latently infected by three methods. First, virus was recovered by cocultivation of spleen cells for two weeks or longer on either syngeneic or allogeneic (CDI) embryonic fibroblast cultures. Second, virus was recovered from salivary glands of either syngeneic (DBA/2) or allogeneic (C57BL/10) mice that received 10(8) spleen cells. Recovery was enhanced by treatment of allogeneic recipients with cyclophosphamide but not with azathioprine. Third, latently infected mice, after treatment with either cyclophosphamide or azathioprine, developed free murine cytomegalovirus in their salivary glands. The last two findings parallel observations of human cytomegalovirus in immunosuppressed patients and in patients receiving latently infected cells during transplantation. Both cyclophosphamide and azathioprine elevated titers of free lytic virus in the salivary glands.

Animals↗