An epizootic outbreak of "cerebrospinal angiopathy" in swine.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M Hiruma
Publications and source records attributed to M Hiruma.
Ultrastructure of asteroid bodies in sporotrichosis.
Ultrathin sections were prepared from a paraffin-embedded tissue specimen which had been obtained from a sporotrichosis patient and in which large numbers of asteroid bodies had been observed. Electronmicroscopic examination of the ultrastructure of the asteroid bodies revealed a central fungal cell with peripheral rays. These cells were almost structurally identical with fungal elements found elsewhere than in asteroid bodies; and in the rays, electron-dense granular substance was arranged in layers marked by fissures and material resembling remnants of destroyed host cells. The outermost layer was formed of a granular substance of rather low electron density, surrounded by adherent cell membrane fragments. These findings suggest that an asteroid body might be composed of crystalline products of disintegrated host cells deposited around a fungal cell.
Cell Wall↗
Tissue response in sporotrichosis: light and electron microscopy studies.
On the basis of electron microscopy examination of human tissue affected by sporotrichosis, we have proposed a classification, at the light microscopy level, of fungal cells in tissue. Light and electron microscopy observations clarified the following five points: (1) in sporotrichosis lesions in man, the fungal cells are frequently phagocytized by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs); (2) phagocytosis of phagocytes by other phagocytes was common, and giant cells phagocytized both fungal cells and PMNs; (3) fungal cells in the tissues of lesions were thought to be highly viable, and their budding was frequently observed within macrophages and giant cells; (4) it was highly probable that PMNs participated in asteroid body formation; (5) few free fungal cells were present in the tissues. We believe that the classification of fungal cells in sporotrichosis tissue into the five categories below is useful for correctly understanding the pathological condition in a sporotrichosis lesion: (1) fungal cells in PMNs, (2) fungal cells in PMNs within macrophages, (3) fungal cells in macrophages, (4) fungal cells in giant cells, and (5) free fungal cells.
Giant Cells↗
Hyperthermic treatment of sporotrichosis: experimental use of infrared and far infrared rays.
We used pocket warmers and infrared and far infrared rays to treat 14 cases of sporotrichosis, 7 in children and 7 in adults. There were 9 cases of the fixed cutaneous type and 5 of the lymphocutaneous type; 6 were located on the face and 8 on the limbs. Four cases were treated with pocket warmers, 5 with infrared rays, and 5 with far infrared rays. All lesions treated with pocket warmers were facial lesions in children; infrared and far infrared ray treatments were used in 3 children and 7 adults, 2 on facial lesions and 8 on lesions on the extremities. In treatments with infrared and far infrared rays, the amount of heat was greater than with the pocket warmers, and one 15-min treatment daily was sufficient to yield satisfactory results, but this method is difficult to use on children and on the face, and 40-min treatments two or three times a week proved unsatisfactory. Infrared and far infrared ray treatments allow the length of a single treatment to be reduced by three-quarters, in comparison with one pocket warmer treatment.
Adult↗
Systemic phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala dermatitidis.
We report a case of systemic phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala dermatitidis in a 24-year-old man. At the age of 17, the patient had noticed cervical swellings. On palpation at his initial examination, more than a dozen firm lymph nodes between 1 and 5 cm in diameter were found on both sides of the neck and in both axillae. Examination of biopsy specimens of lymph nodes revealed pale brown hyphae in granulomatous lesions and Exophiala dermatitidis was isolated from mycological cultures of the local tissues. The clinical course was marked by an episode of jaundice six months later, and surgery disclosed a fist-sized inflammatory mass in the region of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum. The patient was treated by providing external biliary drainage and by the administration of antifungal agents, but two years later complained of diplopia and a slight heaviness in the head. Computed tomographic scans were made of the head, revealing multiple plum-sized masses in the brain. The patient died a year later. In Japan, 10 cases of systemic infection by this organism (including the present one) have been reported, all in patients of up to 30 years of age, with lesions appearing in the brain, lung, liver, digestive organs and lymph nodes. The prognosis is grave.
Adult↗
Tinea pedis survey in members of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces undergoing ranger training.
The conditions surrounding tinea pedis infection were surveyed--the degrees of infection and of aggravation attendant upon training, and the skin temperature within the leather boots of members of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces undergoing winter and summer ranger training. Before winter training, tinea pedis was diagnosed in 8 of the 15 subjects. The mean atmospheric temperature was 7.1 degrees C, the total precipitation, 23 mm, and the mean skin temperature of the feet during training, 33.7 degrees C. After training, 1 further subject had contracted tinea pedis, 5 of the 8 showed slight aggravation, and 3 showed no change. Before summer training, tinea pedis was found in 9 of another 15 subjects. The mean atmospheric temperature was 20.0 degrees C, total rainfall, 353 mm, and the mean skin temperature of the feet during training, 36.6 degrees C. After the training, aggravation had occurred in 3 of the 9, and slight aggravation in the other 6. In these 9, vesiculation, pustules and erosion were seen, so that summer training had a more severe effect than winter training. Investigation of the predisposing factors for tinea pedis due to the wearing of boots and shoes is considered extremely important for the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Adult↗
A case of sporotrichosis treated successfully with oral fluconazole 200 mg once weekly.
A case of fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis that developed on the extensor aspect of the left wrist of an 83-year-old woman was treated once a week with 200 mg of oral fluconazole. This dermatological lesion healed within 4 months, leaving a scar. No side-effects were seen. At the time of writing, 7 months after the end of treatment, there has been no recurrence. Reports on the efficacy of once-weekly fluconazole administration in cases of sporotrichosis have appeared, but it would be valuable to study more such cases.
Administration, Oral↗
Experimental infection of laying chickens with egg-drop syndrome 1976 virus.
Brown layer hens (BC and HC strains) and white layer hens (WL strain) orally infected with the H-162 strain of the egg-drop syndrome 1976 virus developed few clinical signs except for abnormal egg production. Depressed and/or aberrant-egg production was observed for 3 days or longer in 17 of 18 BC hens, 13 of 15 HC hens, and 10 of 17 WL hens. On the average, abnormal egg production began 8.8, 10.3, and 12.2 days after infection of the BC, HC, and WL hens, respectively. Egg production was depressed in the WL hens, but little depression was observed in the BC and HC hens. Aberrant-egg production was much less frequent in the WL hens than in the BC and HC hens. Aberrant eggs were shell-less, soft-shelled, thin-shelled, and/or discolored. No eggs of abnormal internal quality or shape were observed. The virus spread from infected BC and WL hens to contact hens.
Adenoviridae Infections↗
Tinea pedis in members of the Japanese Self-defence Forces: relationships of its prevalence and its severity with length of military service and width of interdigital spaces.
We examined the relationship between prevalence and severity of tinea pedis and the length of service and the width of the spaces between the toes in 74 members of the Japanese Self-Defence Forces (SDF) undergoing special training. The subjects were divided according to the width of these spaces into: group I, wide; group II, fairly wide; and group III, closed. The severity of tinea pedis was determined by its duration and the extent of the lesions in the 49 subjects who had tinea pedis. The combined prevalence of tinea pedis and tinea unguium was 66%. There was a tendency for the prevalence to be higher in subjects who had served for 10 years or more in the SDF than in those with fewer than 10 years of service. Classified by the disposition of their toes, 10 subjects fell into group I, 34 into group II, and 30 into group III. The prevalence of 90% (27/30) in group III was significantly higher than in the other groups. A significant positive correlation was seen between length of SDF service and severity. Subjects with both a long service record and closed interdigital spaces showed both a high prevalence and marked severity.
Adult↗