Biomedical subjects

M Hiroi

Publications and source records attributed to M Hiroi.

225 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Localization of the sex-determining region-Y gene in XX males.

Localization of the sex-determining region Y (SRY) was investigated in 2 XX males. Metaphase chromosomes from peripheral lymphocytes were stained by fluorescence in situ hybridization using DXZ1 and SRY probes. An identical hybridization signal with the SRY probe was found on an X chromosome in both cases. The karyotype of the 2 cases was 46,XX, t(X;Y)(p22.3;p11.3). It would appear that XX male is the presence of a Y-chromosome fragment transferred to the X-chromosome short arm by unequal interchange between homologous regions in the short arms of sex chromosomes.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with micropapillary component: an immunohistochemical study. Case report.

Micropapillary carcinoma has been described in various organs, including the breast, urinary bladder, ovary and lung. We here present a case of pulmonary micropapillary carcinoma in a 72-year-old Japanese man who died of respiratory failure and septic shock, following which autopsy was performed. A mass measuring 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 cm was observed in the left lower lobe of the lung. The tumor showed moderately differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma with a focal micropapillary component. Carcinomatous lymphangiosis was also observed in the left lung and metastatic lesions were observed in the bilateral lung, liver, vertebra, muscle layer of the urinary bladder, right adrenal gland, spleen and lymph nodes. The micropapillary component was predominant at some metastatic sites. Immunohistochemically, both the adenocarcinoma and micropapillary components were positive for cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK19, TTF (thyroid transcription factor)-1, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A), and negative for CK20, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, uroplakin III, and CA125. The invasive area of the conventional adenocarcinoma component contained a large number of myofibroblasts, whereas the stroma of the micropapillary component contained a small number of myofibroblasts. However, no myofibroblasts were observed in the stroma of the central core of the non-invasive micropapillary carcinoma. Several lymphatic invasions by neoplastic cells were identified in the peripheral area of the micropapillary component using D2-40 antibody. The immunohistochemical profile may be helpful in determining the primary location of the neoplasm containing micropapillary features. Myofibroblasts are present in the stroma of the invasive neoplastic nests in the micropapillary component as well as the conventional adenocarcinoma component, and D2-40 monoclonal antibody may be useful for evaluating the lymphatic invasion of pulmonary micropapillary carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast with osteoclastlike giant cells. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Cytologic descriptions of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast with osteoclastlike giant cells (OGCs) are exceedingly rare. Clinically, breast carcinoma with OGCs can be confused with fibroadenoma. The histogenesis of OGCs has been the subject of debate. CASE: A 48-year-old female presented with a 1.5-cm, well-demarcated, firm, non-tender, mass involving the right breast. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) showed the characteristic combination of relatively small, uniform carcinoma cells containing conspicuous intracytoplasmic lumina and numerous reactive multinucleated giant cells. OGCs were reactive for KP-1 and not stained with MIB-1. CONCLUSION: The cytologic appearance of invasive lobular carcinoma with OGCs is characteristic. FNAB permits diagnosis of this rare type of breast carcinoma. Our study supported a histiocytic nature of the OGCs. OGCs were considered not actively proliferated cells.

Antigens, Nuclear↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Round spermatid transfer and embryo development.

With the advent of assisted reproductive technology, pregnancy has become possible without sperm. The nucleus of the round spermatid, which contains a complete haploid set of chromosomes, can be used as a substitute for spermatozoa in animals and humans. In the mouse, round spermatids from surgically induced cryptorchid and prepubertal testes can fertilize normally and develop into normal offspring. The spermatid nucleus develops into a large pronucleus only when the oocyte is activated by artificial means, such as electrostimulation and oscillogen injection. Nuclei of mouse primary spermatocyte have been injected into oocytes and found to undergo meiosis, form an embryo and produce live young. Intracytoplasmic injection of male immature germ cells may become available as a treatment for patients with azoospermia due to maturation arrest.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Myofibroblasts at the tumor border of invasive gastric carcinomas: with special reference to histological type and tumor depth.

In order to elucidate the role of alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA)-positive stromal cells, namely myofibroblasts (MFs), in invasive growth of gastric carcinomas (GCs), we examined the number of MFs at the deep border (DB) of GCs. In total 78 invasive GCs (48 intestinal type GCs and 30 diffuse type GCs) were examined immunohistochemically, and analyzed from the view point of tumor depth and histological type. In the intestinal type GCs examined, both the GCs confined to the submucosa and muscularis propria had none or a small number of MFs at the tumor border facing the submucosa (smDB) and muscularis propria (mpDB), respectively; whereas the GCs invading the subserosa had a moderate or large number of MFs at the tumor border facing the subserosa (ssDB) (p<0. 05). Regardless of tumor depth, the diffuse type GCs examined generally had none or a small number of MFs at the smDB, mpDB and ssDB, respectively. There is a possibility that intestinal type GCs invading the subserosa showing tubular and papillary structure may induce myofibroblastic transformation of gastric subserosal stromal fibroblastic cells.

Actins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The complementary role of beta-catenin in diagnosing various subtypes of renal cell carcinomas and its up-regulation in conventional renal cell carcinomas with high nuclear grades.

beta-catenin is a kind of cytoplasmic protein involved in cell adhesion and signal transduction. This study investigated its expression in various subtypes of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) using an immunohistochemical staining method. beta-catenin expression was assessed from staining frequency and staining score. Staining score was performed by evaluating both staining percentage and intensity. All subtypes of RCCs reacted positively with beta-catenin. However, the positive frequency and staining score in papillary and chromophobe RCCs were significantly higher than those in conventional RCCs (p < 0.05). In addition, in conventional RCCs, the positive frequency and staining score of beta-catenin showed a significant difference between nuclear grades I/II and grade III (p < 0.05). Therefore, it may indicate that beta-catenin can serve as a complementary tool to distinguish conventional RCCs from chromophobe RCCs. In conventional RCCs with low nuclear grades, beta-catenin expression is generally down-regulated, while it appears to be preserved in those with high nuclear grades.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Interaction between sodium 5,6-benzylidene-L-ascorbate and gallic acid.

The interaction between sodium 5,6-benzylidene-L-ascorbate (SBA) and gallic acid was investigated by two different parameters: radical intensity and cytotoxicity induction. These compounds produced ESR signals of radicals under alkaline conditions. The addition of increasing concentrations of SBA completely scavenged the gallate radical and replaced the latter with its ascorbate radical. On the other hand, gallic acid dose-dependently enhanced the radical intensity of SBA. Both of these two compounds dose-dependently reduced the viable cell number of human squamous carcinoma HSC-2 cells without inducing internucleosomal DNA cleavage. Electron micrographs of the dying cells demonstrate the irreversible degenerative changes especially in the cytoplasm of the cells. The cytotoxic activity of gallic acid was almost completely eliminated by catalase, whereas SBA was totally insensitive to catalase. When these two compounds were mixed together before adding to HSC-2 cells, the cytotoxic activity of gallic acid was significantly reduced by SBA, whereas that of SBA was not reduced by gallic acid. SBA dose-dependently reduced the gallate oxidation in the culture medium. The interaction between SBA and gallic acid may modify their individual biological activity.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Re-evaluation of the culture condition of polymorphonuclear cells for the study of apoptosis induction.

The culture conditions of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the study of apoptosis induction were re-evaluated. The changes in the relative viable cell number of PMNs after tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment were colorimetrically investigated using a cell counting kit. The relative potency of PMNs to produce the superoxide anion (O2-) was measured as the reduction of color intensity by addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD). When the PMNs were cultured in conventional RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), the stimulation effect of TNF on O2- generation by PMNs was observed only for the first 6 hours. When FBS was replaced with human serum, the effect of TNF was maintained for longer incubation periods. Prolonged incubation of PMNs spontaneously produced large DNA fragments, and the extent of DNA fragmentation was relatively smaller in human serum-containing medium. TNF, LPS, hyperthermia or potassium thiocyanate slightly accelerated the production of large DNA fragments, as well as the induction of trace amounts of internucleosomal DNA cleavage in PMNs, which became detectable only after concentration by fractional isopropanol precipitation. The present study suggests the importance of the use of human serum rather than conventional FBS for the study of apoptosis induction in PMNs.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition by Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS of apoptosis induction in human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Many factors, such as cytokines and bacterial products, are known to affect the life-span of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). We investigated here whether Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) LPS slows down the apoptotic process of PMNs. During incubation in regular culture medium, the viability of PMNs progressively declined, producing apoptotic cells, characterized by chromatin condensation, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, cell shrinkage and blebbing of plasma membrane. P.gingivalis LPS significantly increased the viability of PMNs and reduced the production of fragmented DNA, as efficiently as E.coli LPS. The present study suggests that the retardation of PMNs apoptosis by P.gingivalis LPS may modulate the restoration of acute inflammation in the periodontal tissues, where activated PMNs accumulate.

Apoptosis↗