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Biomedical subjects

M Hino

Publications and source records attributed to M Hino.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Thrombopoietin inhibits in vitro osteoclastogenesis from murine bone marrow cells.

To determine whether thrombopoietin (TPO) can modulate the osteoclastic differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells, we investigated the effect of TPO on in vitro osteoclastogenesis by using the coculture of murine bone marrow cells with the stromal cell line (ST2) in the presence of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and dexamethasone. Recombinant human TPO inhibited the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells in a dose-dependent manner (0.02-200 ng/ml). The effect of TPO on differentiation of bone-resorbing capacity was investigated by pit assay. TPO dose dependently decreased the areas oftoluidine blue-stained resorption pits (2.0-200 ng/ml). To identify the cellular target of TPO, we used a variety of bone marrow/stromal cell coculture methods. Initially, we found that TPO mainly exerted its effect on the early stage of osteoclastic differentiation in delayed addition experiments. Consequently, the majority of TPO's inhibition of osteoclastic cell formation was due to its effect on bone marrow cells. Finally, we examined whether transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), major cytokines produced by megakaryocytes, mediate the inhibitory effect of TPO. The addition of either anti-TGFbeta or anti-PDGF antibody to bone marrow cell culture completely antagonized the effect of TPO on osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, treatment of bone marrow cells with TGFbeta or PDGF mimicked the inhibitory effect of TPO. These data suggest that TPO inhibits osteoclastogenesis through stimulating thrombopoiesis and that TGFbeta and PDGF mediate the effect of TPO by impacting on macrophage-lineage cells as osteoclast precursors.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Lack of mutations of preproparathyroid hormone gene in three kindreds with familial isolated hypoparathyroidism.

The mutations of the preproparathyroid hormone (preproPTH) gene have been reported to cause some cases of familial isolated hypoparathyroidism (FIH). We investigated the preproPTH gene of five affected subjects of three Japanese kindreds with FIH. The mode of inheritance in FIH of two families was thought to be autosomal dominant, and the FIH of the other was probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Exons 1, 2 and 3 of the preproPTH gene and its exon-intron boundaries were analyzed with either polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformational polymorphism, or direct sequencing of the amplified DNA. We did not detect any mutations in the amplified regions of the preproPTH gene, but an A to G transition in intron 1 was identified in all of the affected subjects. Among them, four were heterozygote, and the other was homozygote. This transition was considered to be a polymorphism, which was the same as reported previously. These results indicate that the preproPTH gene abnormalities are not responsible for FIH in these families. Further studies are required to elucidate whether genes coding for other molecules, such as calcium-sensing receptor, are involved in FIH.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Naturally occurring dermatitis associated with Staphylococcus aureus in DS-Nh mice.

A naturally occurring epizootic of dermatitis involved all the mice, provisionally designated as DS-Nh, housed under conventional conditions, regardless of age or sex. The disease primarily attacked the lateral aspect of the face, neck and shoulders. The histopathologic features of the dermatitis varied in severity, but all affected regions showed signs of chronic dermatitis, including infiltration of inflammatory cells, parakeratosis and amyloidosis, and contained Gram-positive cocci clusters. Bacteriologically, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was recovered in pure culture from the skin lesions. The disease experimentally induced with the S. aureus isolates was indistinguishable from those observed in naturally occurring cases. The results suggested that S. aureus may be casually associated with the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Assessment of nutritional status of postoperative patients with biliary atresia.

Some patients of biliary atresia (BA) suffer from chronic hepatic dysfunction and/or persistent jaundice. The adverse effects of chronic liver disease on nutrition and growth should be considered on BA patients. We studied 45 BA patients ranging in age from 0.5 to 38 years and divided them into 2 groups. Group A contains the patients whose total bilirubin > or = 2 mg/100 ml, and Group B contains the patients whose total bilirubin < 2 mg/100 ml. We measured height, weight, triceps skin fold (TSF), midarm circumference (MAC) and midarm muscle area (MAMA). Visceral protein kinetics was evaluated on the basis of serum albumin and prealbumin levels. Caloric and protein intake was calculated by collecting intake data for 3 days. The results of this study were; 1) The mean TSF in Group A (47th percentile) was not significantly different from that in Group B (53th percentile). 2) The mean MAMA was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in Group A (16.4th percentile) than in Group B (36.7th percentile) 3) The prealbumin level was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in Group A (mean 9.9 mg/100 ml) than in Group B (mean 18.8 mg/100 ml). The authors conclude that the evaluation of MAMA and prealbumin were very useful to characterize the low metabolic status of protein in the damaged liver. And repeated nutritional assessment was necessary to evaluate liver function and provide adequate nutrition in BA patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Chronic myelogenous leukemia expressing two bcr-abl chimeric mRNA; a case report].

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) expresses two types of bcr-abl chimeric mRNA. One is b3a2 type in which bcr exon 3 binds to abl exon 2, the other is b2a2 type that bcr exon 2 binds to abl exon 2. Either bcr-abl is normally expressed, but both types of bcr-abl mRNA can be expressed at the same time in a patient. We report here a rare case of CML expressing two types of bcr-abl mRNA and discuss the possibility that this double expression would help to monitor the clinical course of CML.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Clinicopathological findings in 5 patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia].

We studied 5 patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Radiologic findings were Kerley's lines and pleural effusion on chest X-ray films, and interlobular septa on chest CT scans. Examination of transbronchial lung biopsy specimens revealed infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes into alveolar walls and edema of alveolar walls, interlobular septa, and perivascular connective tissue. The findings of interstitial edema were consistent with the radiological findings. Epithelial damage and bud-type intraluminal fibrosis were also seen, but residual alveolar structure was maintained. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contained abnormally high percentages of eosinophils and lympocytes. It also contained basophils and mast cells, which were not seen in fluid from normal subjects. Fluid from patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia had significantly fewer basophils than did fluid from those with acute eosinophilic pneumonia (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that release of chemical mediators from basophils plays a key role in interstitial edema in acute eosinophilic pneumonia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

In vitro expansion of mature neutrophils from isolated peripheral blood stem cells.

Hematopoietic stem cells, CD34 positive cells, were isolated from the peripheral blood of three patients with malignant lymphoma, and were cultivated in suspension for 14 days in the presence of cytokines, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3 and stem cell factor. The stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation into mature neutrophils was most effective when all these cytokines were used in combination. Mature neutrophils differentiated in vitro gained the ability to ingest latex spheres and to produce hydrogen peroxide in response to phorbol myristate acetate. These findings raise the possibility that the prolonged neutropenia following high dose chemotherapy could be ameliorated by the transfusion of autologous neutrophils expanded and differentiated in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Thrombopoietin is a multifunctional factor].

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the critical regulator of proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytic lineage. TPO has potent stimulatory effects on platelet production in patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. In addition to sustaining megakaryocytopoiesis, TPO may play an important role in regulating neutrophil activation and erythropoiesis. Furthermore, TPO induces proliferation of acute myeloblastic leukemia cells in vitro in some cases. These results suggest that TPO may be multifunctional factor. Recently osteosclerosis is observed in TPO transgenic mice. To determine whether TPO can modulate the osteoclastic differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells, we investigated the effect of TPO on in vitro osteogenesis. TPO inhibited the formation of osteoclastic cells and decreased the areas of bone resorption pits in a dose-dependent manner. We examined whether transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), major cytokines produced by megakaryocytes, mediate the inhibitory effect of TPO. The addition of either anti-TGF-beta or anti-PDGF antibody to bone marrow cell cultures completely antagonized the effect of TPO on osteoclastogenesis. These data suggest that TPO inhibits osteoclastogenesis by stimulating thrombopoiesis and that TGF-beta and PDGF mediate the effect of TPO by impacting macrophage-lineage cells as osteoclast precursors.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Current problems in quality control (QC) in hematology].

Total quality control (TQC) is one of the most important issues in laboratory hematology. As for complete blood count (CBC), almost all blood cell counters possesses quality control (QC) programs for its determination, and values of high quality can be provided by the counters. Reticulocytes can be determined precisely as well. However, mean cell volume (MCV) were slightly different among blood cell counters when semifixed QC materials were used for its surveillance. No QC materials to evaluate white cell differential functions have not be found for the common use now. Thus, urgent matter would be the development of appropriate QC materials to be used for overall blood cell counters. In coagulation testings, trials for common use of international normalized ratio (INR) for the prothrombin time (PT) test has been continued yearly due to the varieties of biophysical characteristics among PT reagents. Similar variation are also present among activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) reagents. Some improvement would be required.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1997

[A case of an adult neuroblastoma with bone-marrow metastases: 131I-MIBG scintigraphy in comparison with MRI].

To detect a primary neuroblastoma lesion and its metastases, 131I-MIBG scintigraphy was performed for a 24-year-old woman who had a high level of serum catecholamine. 131I-MIBG scintigrams showed high radioactivity in the left upper quadrant, pelvic bone, and vertebral bodies. A biopsy of the pelvic bone revealed metastasis from the neuroblastoma. After four chemotherapy courses, the accumulation of 131I-MIBG decreased after each course; however, scintigraphy performed after the last chemotherapy course showed focal mild uptake in the right sacroiliac. The presence of residual tumor in the sacroiliac was confirmed histologically. On the other hand, T1-weighted and T2-weighted MR images performed before the treatment showed low signal intensity and high signal intensity in the pelvic bone, respectively. After the fourth chemotherapy course, T2-weighted MR images showed low signal intensity in the pelvic bone; however, it was difficult to determinate whether it should improve. To assess the effect of treatment of neuroblastoma, 131I-MIBG scintigraphy was considered more useful than MRI.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1997

A preliminary study of HLA class II alleles in Thai patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The HLA class II alleles were analyzed by the PCR-SSP technique in the DNA samples obtained from 27 Thai patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). It was found that (1) the incidence of HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*09 was slightly decreased (P > 0.05). On the other hand, the incidence of HLA-DQB1 alleles was the same as control. However, further study is suggested in order to conclude the close relationship between the presence of certain HLA class II alleles and susceptibility to NHL in Thai patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Studies of Water Adsorbed in Porous Vycor Glass

Properties of water adsorbed in porous Vycor glass and Vycor glass treated with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) have been studied by measuring NMR as a function of water content and temperature and observing penetration of water into the pores. Some of the observed properties are compared with those of methanol and ethanol. The NMR linewidth of water in original glass pores is proportional to the fraction of water in a surface monolayer on the glass. The melting point depression of the pore water is inversely proportional to the pore radius, and ice water interfacial tension is evaluated as 27.5 mN/m. When treated glass was immersed in water, liquid water could not penetrate the glass sample, which had more than 0.4/nm2 trimethylsilyl group substituted for surface hydroxyls; however, the alcohols could still easily penetrate the fully treated glass, which had 1.3/nm2 trimethylsilyl groups. Water adsorbed in weakly treated glass shows broadening of the NMR line; contrastingly, the alcoholic hydroxyls show narrowing of the lines. The freezing and melting point of pore water rise with surface treatments. These phenomena can be explained in terms of structure forming of adsorbed liquid on the surfaces and the interaction between the molecules in the structured layer and the subsequent layer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Hepatocyte growth factor levels in bone marrow plasma of patients with leukaemia and its gene expression in leukaemic blast cells.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been known as a multiple function factor, which also stimulates early haematopoiesis. In this study, we found that HGF was expressed at both the RNA and protein levels in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). In patients with AML (n = 20) and CML (n = 5), bone marrow plasma HGF concentrations were 20.44 +/- 6.26 (mean +/- s.e.) ng ml-1 and 7.17 +/- 0.53 ng ml-1 respectively. These were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the value for normal subjects (n = 26): mean 0.92 +/- 0.09 ng ml-1. Constitutive HGF production was observed in freshly prepared leukaemic blast cells from three patients with high HGF levels of bone marrow plasma. Expression of HGF mRNA was correlated with bone marrow plasma HGF levels. After complete remission was obtained in six patients, bone marrow plasma HGF levels were significantly decreased. In contrast, the HGF mRNA was less abundantly expressed in acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL). In patients with ALL (n = 5), bone marrow plasma HGF concentration (0.69 +/- 0.14 ng ml-1) remained low within the value for normal subjects. These results suggest that some populations of myeloid lineage cells have the ability to produce HGF.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Long-term clinical course of two cases of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis.

In two patients with lymphocytic adenohypophysitis, images of the pituitary gland were serially observed by MRI. In both cases, the pituitary gland had swollen during the late stage of the first pregnancy. In case 1, MRI findings were representative of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis. After delivery, plasma levels of PRL, ACTH and cortisol decreased markedly. The height of the pituitary gland gradually decreased from 22 mm (14 days after delivery) to 13 mm (73 days) and became rapidly smaller (4.9 mm, 115 days) following administration of massive doses of hydrocortisone for the treatment of acute adrenal insufficiency induced by painless thyroiditis. Six years later, the height was 2.5 mm. Low plasma levels of PRL and cortisol persisted. Diabetes insipidus did not develop. In case 2, MRI revealed a pituitary mass accompanied by a cystic change. Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis was confirmed by histological examination. Because pituitary function tests indicated that ACTH, PRL, GH and TSH were of low levels, hydrocortisone and L-thyroxine were orally administered. No diabetes insipidus was demonstrated. MRI disclosed that the height of the pituitary gland was 23 mm (17 days after delivery) but decreased to 17 and 5.5 mm after 44 and 128 days, respectively. Four years later immediately after the second delivery, it was 1 mm, and the patient was diagnosed as having empty sella. Long-term observation of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis demonstrated that the pituitary gland was markedly atrophied, leading to empty sella. It is believed that some of the classic cases of Sheehan's syndrome associated with empty sella may include lymphocytic adenohypophysitis.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1996

[A device for rapid elevation of plasma methotrexate (MTX) concentration and its maintenance in high-dose MTX therapy].

For 5 osteosarcomas and one synovial sarcoma, 24 courses of high-dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy were performed. At MTX doses of 300 mg/kg with several infusion patterns, the plasma MTX concentrations were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. In the various types of infusions, five hours oblique and five hours bolus infusions were well maintained at 1,000 micromol/l for several hours. In particular, five hours bolus infusion of MTX needed only 20 minutes to reach 822 micromol/l and maintained 1,000 micromol/l during almost the entire infusion period. Optimization of chemotherapy for sarcomas by MTX requires individual adaptation of the infusion pattern.

Adolescent↗