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Biomedical subjects

M Hilden

Publications and source records attributed to M Hilden.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in patients visiting gynaecology clinics: a Nordic cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Abuse against women causes much suffering for individuals and is a major concern for society. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of three types of abuse in patients visiting gynaecology clinics in five Nordic countries, and to assess the frequency with which gynaecologists identify abuse victims. METHODS: We did a cross-sectional, multicentre study of women attending five departments of gynaecology in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. We recruited 4729 patients; 3641 (77%) responded and were included in the study. Participants completed a postal questionnaire (norvold abuse questionnaire) confidentially. Primary outcome measures were prevalences of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and whether abused patients had told their gynaecologist about these experiences. We assessed differences between countries with Pearson's chi(2) test. FINDINGS: The ranges across the five countries of lifetime prevalence were 38-66% for physical abuse, 19-37% for emotional abuse, and 17-33% for sexual abuse. Not all abused women reported current ill-effects from the abusive experience. Most women (92-98%) had not talked to their gynaecologist about their experiences of abuse at their latest clinic visit. INTERPRETATION: Despite prevalences of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse being high in patients visiting gynaecology clinics in the Nordic countries, most victims of abuse are not identified by their gynaecologists. This lack of discussion might increase the risk of abused patients not being treated according to their needs. Gynaecologists should always consider asking their patients about abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Reduction of mortality in acute myocardial infarction with streptokinase and aspirin therapy. Results of ISIS-2].

This investigation includes 17,187 patients in 417 hospitals in 16 countries admitted within 24 hours of the commencement of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The patients were allotted at random to the following treatments 1) intravenous infusion of 1.5 million International Units streptokinase (SK) during one hour, 2) 160 mg acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) daily for 30 days, 3) both SK and ASA and 4) placebo treatment only. The five-week cardiovascular mortality was reduced by 25% following infusion of streptokinase from 12.0% to 9.2% and by 23% during ASA treatment from 11.8% to 9.4%. The combination of SK and ASA resulted in 42% reduction in the cardiovascular mortality after five weeks compared with the placebo. The effect of SK was greatest if treatment was instituted within six hours but effects were obtained after all of the first 24 hours. The preliminary results show that the reduction in mortality obtained by both SK and ASA appears to continue during the subsequent one to two years. SK treatment resulted in haemorrhage requiring treatment in 0.5% as compared with 0.2% in the placebo group, more cases of proved cerebral haemorrhage, 0.1% as compared with 0.0%, but fewer cases of cerebral apoplexy, 0.7% as compared with 0.8%. It is concluded that thrombolysis with SK combined with prophylaxis of repeated thrombosis with ASA is the indicated treatment in cases of AMI and less than 6-24 hours duration.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Carvedilol and atenolol once daily in the treatment of hypertension.

Fifty milligrams of carvedilol and 100 mg atenolol were administered in a random order once a day for 2 months to 43 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, in a double-blind crossover study. Blood pressure, heart rate and peripheral blood flow parameters (n = 11) were recorded 2 and 24 h after the drug administration. Supine blood pressure was the same 2 h after both carvedilol and atenolol administration, but carvedilol caused a greater decrease in standing systolic blood pressure 2 h after the administration (P less than 0.05). The heart rate decreased less with carvedilol (P less than 0.01). There was no difference in the effects exerted by the two therapies on systolic blood pressure and the heart rate 24 h after drug administration, but the diastolic blood pressure was higher in patients given carvedilol (92 versus 88 mmHg; P less than 0.05). Forearm blood flow, forearm vascular resistance and calf blood flow did not change significantly with either of the therapies. In conclusion, 50 mg carvedilol once a day is an effective antihypertensive therapy, though its duration of action did not reach that of 100 mg atenolol once a day. Peripheral vasodilation was similar with both therapies.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

Erythropoietin-induced secondary polycythemia in a patient with a renal cell carcinoma. A case report.

This study provides clear documentation of in vivo biogenesis of erythropoietin (Epo) by a human renal carcinoma. A middle-aged woman with a clear cell renal carcinoma of the left kidney developed severe polycythemia. This polycythemia was accompanied by markedly elevated levels of immunoreactive erythropoietin both in the peripheral venous blood, and in blood derived from the left renal vein during nephrectomy. Exstirpation of the non-invasive renal carcinoma was followed by complete restoration of both hematocrit and erythropoietin plasma concentration to normal levels. The fall in plasma erythropietin concentration immediately after nephrectomy (T/2 less than or equal to 3 hours) was probably a valid representation of plasma erythropoietin metabolism in this patient. Direct evidence of erythropoietin production in individual renal carcinoma cells was provided by immunoperoxidase studies demonstrating focal cytoplasmatic accumulation of immunoreactive erythropoietin in the tumor cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

The hepatic conversion of vitamin D in alcoholics with varying degrees of liver affection.

The seasonal variations in circulating 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) were studied in 102 alcoholics with fatty liver disease without histologic signs of cirrhosis and in 35 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The mean levels were compared with those of normal persons. Alcoholics had generally lower 25-HCC values than the controls, particularly in the summer. This was primarily explained by insufficient diet and reduced exposure to sunshine. The ability of the liver to hydroxylate in the 25-position was studied in three groups of alcoholics with 1) fatty liver disease without cirrhosis, 2) compensated cirrhosis, 3) severely incompensated liver cirrhosis. All three groups exhibited a significant increase in serum 25-HCC following the peroral administration of cholecalciferol at a dose of 1 200 U daily for 7 days. Similar rises were seen 7 days after a single injection of 10 000 U cholecalciferol. This indicates a normal intestinal absorption of vitamin D, even in advanced alcoholic liver disease, and is inconsistent with a severely damaged 25-hydroxylation capacity in these patients. Osteomalacia due to impaired liver hydroxylation of vitamin D can hardly explain the increased fracture rate and the decreased bone mass, which have been described in alcoholics.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1977

Acute hepatitis: a prognostic study with observation time up to 37 years. A follow-up of the Iversen/Roholm liver biopsy material.

Re-evaluation of 890 consecutive liver biopsies from 1939-59 gave the diagnosis of acute hepatitis in 147 patients. A follow-up study of these patients was performed 15-37 years after the diagnostic biopsy, based on repeated liver biopsies, biochemical liver tests, autopsy reports and death certificates. Two patients died from acute liver failure, and development of cirrhosis was documented or strongly suspected in 22 patients (15 percent). A comparison between these 24 patients with a malignant course of hepatitis and 86 patients with a well documented uncomplicated disease, revealed a significantly larger number of women, a higher age, and more cases with piece-meal necrosis, confluent necrosis and marked portal inflammation in the intitial liver biopsy in the group with the poor prognosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Liver histology in a 'normal' population--examinations of 503 consecutive fatal traffic casualties.

The liver histology of 503 consecutive victims of fatal (within 24 hours) traffic accidents submitted to medico-legal autopsy are used as a standard of reference. In 370 persons (74%) no pathological changes in the liver biopsies were observed. Fatty liver was found in 120 persons (24%), non-specific portal inflammation in 7 persons, alcoholic hepatitis in 6, and portal fibrosis in 5. No cases of cirrhosis, chronic aggressive hepatitis, changes compatible with chronic persistent hepatitis, viral hepatitis, or other internationally accepted morphological diagnoses were found. A significant positive correlation between the frequency of steatosis and age groups was demonstrable. Fatty liver was found in 1% of persons below 20 years, in 18% between 20--40 years, and in 39% of persons more than 60 years in this normal material. The persons with fatty liver had a higher body weight, but the overweight was not correlated to age. It is concluded that fatty infiltration in the liver is a normal observation in aged persons.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the serum lipid and lipoproteins in steatosis of the liver.

In a medical department, specialized in liver diseases, 45 patients (33 men and 12 women) suffering from steatosis of the liver have been examined with reference to serum lipid abnormalities. Twenty-eight of the patients were chronic alcoholics. Annual check-ups, including biopsy of the liver, were made to evaluate the development of the steatosis. The patients did not receive treatment with drugs or diet. Thirteen patients showed hypercholesterolemia, 16 increased serum triglyceride and 8 increased serum phosphorus lipid. Two showed a type I lipoprotein anomaly and 33 a type II-like pattern, defined as increased beta-lipoprotein associated with increase of serum cholesterol, was found in four cases. Three had a type III and three a type IV abnormal pattern, with increased pre-beta-lipoprotein and serum triglyceride levels. Correlation analysis revealed correlations between pre-beta-lipoprotein and serum triglyceride as well as between serum triglyceride and serum free fatty acid levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

[Homocystinuria].

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Child, Preschool↗