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Biomedical subjects

M Hermann

Publications and source records attributed to M Hermann.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Procoagulant activity in respiratory tract secretions from horses with chronic pulmonary disease.

Cell-free supernatants (sol phases), obtained after centrifugation (50,000 x g for 45 minutes) of respiratory tract secretions from horses with chronic pulmonary disease, were assayed for procoagulant activity (PCA) in a one-stage clotting assay. Of the 103 specimens tested, 59% (61) contained PCA. Procoagulant activity was detected most often in respiratory tract secretions of severely affected horses and was correlated with the quantity of neutrophils in the respiratory tract secretions. In 12 of the 17 secretions tested, the clotting time was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. However, in the coagulation assay, some reversal of PCA or inhibition of coagulation was observed in 4 secretion specimens when greater volumes of sol phase were added. Procoagulant activity was characterized tentatively as tissue factor, because it was temperature stable and was inhibited by phospholipase C and by concanavalin A. Clotting was induced in factor VIII-deficient human plasma; however, with the exception of 1 respiratory secretion specimen, clotting was not enhanced in factor VII-deficient human plasma. Procoagulant activity is a useful indicator of airway inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of maitotoxin on ionic and secretory events in rat pancreatic islets.

Maitotoxin (MTX) provoked a dose-dependent increase in both 45Ca efflux and insulin release from rat pancreatic islets perifused in the presence or absence of glucose, provided that Ca2+ was present in the perifusate. The stimulatory effect of MTX on 45Ca outflow was enhanced by CGP 28392. The toxin did not reduce 86Rb outflow and 86Rb inflow. It is suggested that the secretory response to MTX is mediated by direct activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Distant metastases of malignant thyroid cancer. A retrospective study of 892 cases].

In 892 patients with thyroid carcinoma, distant metastases developed in 151 cases, and these were classified according to conventional pathohistological types and--in particular--to the incidence of surgically treatable solitary sites. The aim of the present study was also to investigate whether the histological diagnosis is of value in predicting the pattern of metastatic spread. Distant metastases of anaplastic carcinoma and sarcoma were found most frequently in the lungs (70 out of 81 patients, this is 86%), with 4 cases being solitary tumors. Metastatic spread into the skeleton, however, occurred rarely (14 out of 81 patients, 17.3%), when compared with differentiated carcinoma (64.8%). Moreover, with the exception of 1 case, metastatic growth was not solitary but involved more areas in bone. On the other hand, the well differentiated carcinoma displayed a greater predilection for the metastatic spread to the skeleton: 35 cases of bone involvement were identified in 54 patients with distant metastases (64.8%), and out of these cases, 10 metastases were solitary. Metastatic spread into the lungs occurred less often (30 of the 54 patients, 55.5%) and always displayed a diffuse pattern or involved multiple sites. In some cases, solitary metastases of different histological types were also identified in other organs. Our findings suggest that the pathohistological classification appears to be of use in guiding the clinical approach to a curative extirpation of distant solitary metastases in selected patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[The cold adenoma as a surgical indication in an endemic area: over- or underestimated?].

The retrospective analysis of 7016 operations of the thyroid (1978-1985) showed an increase of operations of cold nodules from 23% to 52%. The rate of malignancy of cold nodules decreased from 7.2% to 6.3%. But, the intensive operative management of cold nodules resulted in an increase of operations of low stage tumors. Therefore radical operation of thyroid tumors was possible in 68.3% of cases. An elevated rate of malignancy is observed, if a cold nodule is associated with the following criteria: solitary, solid, male patients, younger than 30 and older than 60 years.

Austria↗
PubMed1985

Isolation and characterization of butanol-resistant mutants of Clostridium acetobutylicum.

In a wild-type strain of Clostridium acetobutylicum isolated from soil, solvent production appeared limited by butanol toxicity. Butanol-resistant mutants have been obtained which produced significantly higher solvent concentrations (about 30%) than the wild-type strain. Some other physiological differences were observed between a selected resistant mutant and the wild-type strain at the level of solvent resistance and sporulation.

Butanols↗
PubMed1985

Piroxicam in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

In double-blind, crossover studies, piroxicam was compared with naproxen sodium and with placebo. The different parameters studied were pain intensity, patient's opinion of the drugs tested, complementary pharmacological treatment, ability to work, overall effect, treatment preference, and side effects. It was concluded that piroxicam was comparable to naproxen sodium and that piroxicam was significantly better than placebo, as regards these parameters. It was also concluded that piroxicam has an effect equivalent to that of naproxen sodium, an accepted treatment for dysmenorrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Enzymatic characterization of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons activating rat-liver preparations used in the mutagenicity test of Ames.

Stability studies were performed on the mono-oxygenase system involved, in particular, in the activation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in rat-liver preparations used in the Ames mutagenicity test. The results indicated a good stability of the spectral response of the cytochrome-P-450 system, but a much lower stability of its enzymatic activities measured with various substrates, thus showing the inadequacy of the spectral response to characterize the PAH mono-oxygenase activity of the preparations. Epoxide hydrolase activity was found to be stable. Various mono-oxygenase activities were measured in preparations induced with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene or Aroclor 1254. The activities of two enzymes, benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, were found suitable to characterize the capacity of the preparations to metabolize PAH to mutagens. The efficiency of the same preparations to promote the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene and aflatoxin B1 in the Ames test was determined. There was an excellent general correlation between the efficiencies for mutagenic activation of the preparations and the two enzymatic activities mentioned above. Determination of ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (or benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase) and benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide hydrolase activities is proposed for characterizing the rat-liver preparations used in the Ames test.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Antenatal prophylaxis of Rh immunization with 250 micrograms anti-D immunoglobulin.

Anti-D immunoglobulin (250 micrograms) was given i.m. to 830 Rh-negative primigravidae and multigravidae round the 32nd to 34th week of gestation. The multigravidae had previously been treated with anti-D immunoglobulin post partum or after abortion and had been followed up serologically after 8 months. Five hundred and twenty-nine of the women delivered Rh-positive infants and received another injection of anti-D immunoglobulin (250 micrograms) within 72 hours of delivery. At the serological follow-up 8 months after delivery 2 women (0.4%) had weak anti-D antibodies by the papain technique. No anti-D could be detected in these 2 women 14 and 20 months, respectively, after delivery. In a previously performed postnatal clinical study with 250 micrograms anti-D immunoglobulin the failure rate was 1.6% (10 out of 645 women). Thus, antenatal prophylaxis significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced the incidence of Rh immunization. The haemoglobin and bilirubin levels in cord blood and capillary blood did not differ in the Rh-positive and Rh-negative infants. Three primiparae (0.2%) had anti-D antibodies at the time of the antenatal injection before delivery. Thus, the antenatal regimen of gestation did not give full protection from Rh immunization. It is suggested that an antenatal injection at the 28th week of gestation would have been more effective, as Rh sensitization during pregnancy has been reported to be more frequent from the 29th week of pregnancy. Since the introduction of postnatal anti-D prophylaxis the Rh immunization occurring during pregnancy accounts for most of the observed failures (2, 4, 5, 14, 20). The efficacy and safety of antenatal injection of anti-D immunoglobulin has therefore been investigated (5, 6, 7). At the Växjö Hospital in Sweden, where the incidence of anti-D antibodies was 1.6% (15), 250 micrograms of anti-D immunoglobulin were given at about 32-34 weeks of gestation from March, 1973, to December, 1977. The results are presented here.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1982

Turnover rate of anti-D IgG injected during pregnancy.

Anti-D IgG was injected into 15 Rh-negative women in the 28th week of gestation and into three non-pregnant women. The uptake of anti-D after the intramuscular injections was calculated by measuring the concentration of antibody in the plasma with an autoanalyser. The biological half life and the catabolic rate of anti-D IgG were calculated according to a compartmental model. The recovery in vivo of anti-D was an average 24% in the non-pregnant women and 21% in the pregnant women. The half life of anti-D were 24 and 21 days, respectively. With a dose of 125 micrograms the plasma anti-D concentration was less than 1 ng/ml at about 10 weeks after the injection. With double the dose the concentration at delivery was at least 1 ng/ml. Although 250 micrograms of anti-D IgG seems to be effective when given in the 28th weeks of gestation, the great individual variations in uptake and recovery rates will lead to occasional cases of Rh-immunisation during pregnancy despite all routine regimens.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1981

Synergistic effects of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the mutagenicity of their mixtures.

We have studied the synergistic action (enhancement and inhibition) of individual aromatic hydrocarbons containing from 1 to 7 rings, on the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Several non-mutagenic hydrocarbons (2 and 3 unsubstituted rings) enhanced the mutagenicity of B[a]P. On the other hand, most mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) produced a large decrease and sometimes a complete abolition of the mutagenicity of B[a]P. In addition, these higher PAH also exhibited an activating effect of B[a]P mutagenicity, at low doses. The higher the number of cycles of the PAH, the lower the amount of PAH necessary to enhance and (or) to inhibit the mutagenicity of B[a]P. Metabolic activation of B[a]P was evidently involved in synergistic phenomena because no effect was observed on B[a]P-4,5-oxide, a direct-acting metabolite of B[a]P.

Animals↗