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Biomedical subjects

M Hentinen

Publications and source records attributed to M Hentinen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Adolescents' perceptions of physicians, nurses, parents and friends: help or hindrance in compliance with diabetes self-care?

Although compliance with self-care amongst adolescents with diabetes is known to be problematic, this issue has rarely been examined from the perspective of young diabetics themselves. The purpose of the study was to explore how adolescents with diabetes perceived the actions of physicians, nurses, parents and friends in relation to compliance with self-care. Fifty-one young diabetics aged from 13 to 17 responded to a questionnaire concerning compliance and were interviewed on the topic of compliance. Interview data were analysed by content analysis. The categories obtained were quantified and the relationship between compliance and the actions of physicians, nurses, parents and friends analysed by cross-tabulation. Interviews with 51 adolescents showed that the actions of physicians, nurses and parents described as motivating were associated with better compliance. Good compliance was also more evident when parental actions were perceived as accepting. Young diabetics whose friends offered silent support, or who viewed friends as irrelevant, were more likely to report good compliance. In contrast, physicians' actions described as routine/negligent, disciplined control by parents, and domination by friends were linked with poor compliance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Factors associated with the adaptation of parents with a chronically ill child.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the adaptation of parents who have a child with a chronic condition and some factors connected to it. Data were collected by a questionnaire from 189 parents who had a child with a chronic condition, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis or asthma. Most (85%) of the responses were from mothers. The data were analysed using factor analysis. A four-factor model turned out to describe best the adaptation of the parents and their coping with the care of a chronically ill child. Two factors showed good adaptation and two poor adaptation. Emotional and instrumental support were connected to adaptation on each of the four factors. Support from health care staff and the parents' need to obtain more information were not connected to adaptation as clearly as emotional and instrumental support. Parents wished for support more in families where the child was under nine years old than in families where the child was over nine years old.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Self-care agency and factors related to this agency among patients with coronary heart disease.

The aim of this study was to assess the self-care agency and factors related to this agency among patients with coronary heart disease (N = 250) measured with a self-care inventory (Self-as-Carer Inventory, SCI). A secondary aim was to analyze the ability of the SCI inventory based on Orem's self-care deficit theory to measure the self-care agency of patients with coronary heart disease. Factor analysis yielded four factors which represent the key aspects of self-care, such as evaluation, implementation, decision-making, significance of knowledge, attitudes, motivation and physical prerequisites of self-care. The most important precondition for self-care in our study was 'appreciation and motivation to self-care'. This factor had numerous correlations with the background factors. Age, sex, socioeconomic status, employment status, health behavior, such as alcohol use and smoking, other diseases, such as diabetes, and satisfaction with sex life were related to the patients' self-care agency. It can be concluded that the self-care agency of our patients was moderate and many background factors were related to it. The SCI inventory seems to cover the self-care requirements of these patients, but the clinical use of SCI is precarious. The items are still too abstract and the questionnaire is therefore too difficult to fill in for many patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Assessment of quality of life with the Nottingham Health Profile among patients with coronary heart disease.

The aim was to describe the quality of life of people suffering from coronary artery disease. The patients had been treated with medication (n = 80), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (n = 100) and coronary artery bypass surgery (n = 100). Of the 280 patients, 189 were men and 91 women. The patients who participated in this study were seriously ill, as nearly half of them had three or more stenosed coronary arteries. Male patients were most numerous in the bypass surgery group and female patients in the angioplasty group. The quality of life was evaluated using the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) instrument relation to an age- and sex-matched general population, the background factors and the severity of the coronary disease. The NHP questionnaire consists of 38 statements on health problems, making up six dimensions of subjective health: physical mobility, pain, sleep, energy, emotional reactions and social isolation. The health-related quality of life of coronary patients before the invasive procedures was significantly poorer on all the six dimensions than the quality of life in an age- and sex-matched general population. The most obvious differences were seen on the following dimensions: energy, pain, emotional reactions, sleep and physical mobility. The smallest differences occurred in social isolation. Both males and females had the lowest value for energy and social isolation in the youngest age group (35-54 years). The index values of emotional reactions in the two youngest groups were significantly higher among females than males, which reflects poor quality of life. The women in the age group of 35-54 years found the manifestation of a serious disease extremely hard to face. Our findings clearly suggest that while choosing the mode of treatment, the patient's quality of life should be considered along with the clinical severity of the disease, especially in the case of young women. From the societal and social points of view, the patient's symptoms and quality of life are even more important than the objective medical outcome. In clinical decision-making, the goal is to integrate the results of health-related quality of life assessments with clinical decisions, and this underlines the need to evaluate whether the treatment given is congruent with the patient's quality of life. On the basis of the present findings, the NHP instrument seems to be applicable to quality of life measurements among coronary patients. It does not, however, necessarily give an accurate and profound view of an individual's overall quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Compliance with health regimens: statistical verification of conceptual structure].

The use and definition of the concept compliance has been variable. The concepts compliance, adherence and co-operation have been used in the English literature. The terminology in the Finnish literature is also variable such concepts as hoitomyöntyvyys, hoitomyötäys, hoitokuuliaisuus and hoitoon sitoutuminen have been used. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the empirical structure of the concept compliance. The baseline was the definition of compliance of young diabetics. According to this definition, compliance is an active, intentional and responsible process by which young diabetics work to maintain their health in collaboration with the health care staff. The data were collected (1994) by a questionnaire from young diabetics aged 13-17 years (N = 403). To test the structure of the concept compliance, LISREL-analysis was used. The results of the study support the baseline definition of compliance.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Diabetic adolescents' compliance with health regimens and associated factors.

Fifty-one young diabetics responded to a questionnaire concerning compliance and were interviewed on two topics: the meaning of care to the subjects and the nature of their support system. Diabetes control was measured by glycosylated haemoglobin (GHB). Interview data were analysed by continuous comparative analyses. The categories obtained were quantified and the relationship between variables analysed by cross tabulation, chi-square test and discriminant analysis. Those who responded with a good compliance showed good control of diabetes as indicated by GHB values and reported sufficient energy and will-power to implement the health regimens. Those young people who reported that they had sufficient energy and will-power considered care important, received encouragement, felt that care brings well-being and had no fears of complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Young diabetics' compliance in the framework of the MIMIC model.

The compliance of 346 young diabetics aged 13-17 years with health regimens is analysed in the framework of a MIMIC (multiple indicators, multiple causes) model. The data were compiled by means of a questionnaire on compliance, conditions for compliance, the meaning attached to treatment and the impact of the disease, and the model constructed using the LISREL VII programme, treating compliance as an unobserved variable formulated in terms of observed causes (x-variables) and observed indicators (y-variables). The resulting solutions are entirely satisfactory. The goodness-of-fit index is 0.983, the root mean square residual 0.058 and the chi-squared statistic 43.35 (P < 0.001). The values for the individual parameters in the model are also shown to be reliable and valid. The model shows compliance to be indicated by self-care behaviour, responsibility for treatment, intention to pursue the treatment and collaboration with the physician, and to be greatly determined by motivation, experience of the results of treatment and having the energy and will-power to pursue the treatment and, to a lesser extent, by a sense of normality and fear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The health behaviour of northern Finnish men in adolescence and adulthood.

The aim of the study was to produce data about health behaviour among men born in Northern Finland in 1966. A particular concern was to find out how well health behaviour in adolescence predicts health behaviour in adulthood. The family questionnaire on health and development was submitted in 1980 when the subjects were 14 years of age. The response rate was 97%. The second questionnaire survey was carried out 10 years later with 2500 respondents. The final response rate was 60%. The results indicated that health behaviour in adolescence predicted health behaviour in adulthood as far as smoking and physical exercise were concerned. Over half (65%) of those who were non-smokers in their youth did not smoke as adults. Similarly the majority (71%) of those who had taken physical exercise at least once a week in their youth continued to do so in adulthood. Most of the subjects (85%) used alcohol in adulthood. A good family situation was connected with healthy habits. In the case of drinking, however, the subjects whose fathers belonged to social classes I-II used alcohol to a somewhat greater extent than others. It is important to conceive of health behaviour as an element connected with a person's life situation. Health research should be incorporated into cultural research and should have closer co-operation with other disciplines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Meaning attached to compliance with self-care, and conditions for compliance among young diabetics.

This paper presents a hypothetical model of the compliance with self-care of young diabetics, its features, its meaning to them and the preconditions for compliance with self-care. The aim of this research was to develop a model to clarify and expand existing knowledge concerning compliance with self-care among young diabetics and to produce new ideas for planning and implementing this care. Four categories of behavioural pattern were identified. Those young people with good compliance experienced a sense of well-being, health, and freedom. They were responsible, active, and well motivated in voluntarily implementing self-care. The second group were those whose actions deviated only slightly from health regimens but who had undergone many negative experiences with self-care. Their actions were guided only by compulsion. The third group were consciously non-compliant. Their constant neglect of health regimens was associated with feelings of poor health, fears and indifference. They were not motivated to comply, felt that the aims set were too high and the self-care programme too tightly regimented. They felt that they received no encouragement. The young people belonging to the fourth group frankly refused to pursue self-care. Their non-compliance was seen by them as an issue of freedom. In effect, their friends controlled their lives, and they felt that their self-care was all the more unnecessary since nobody encouraged them to keep to it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Life control among young men in view of their childhood and adolescence.

The analysis of life control and its development is an issue of central concern to modern health research. This article discusses longitudinal questionnaire data in an attempt to identify factors that predict young men's life control in early childhood and adolescence. No factors in the childhood family background predicted strong life control in adulthood. A positive development in the family's social situation showed a positive association with life control in adulthood. Poor school performance and unhealthy habits in adolescence were associated with poor life control in adulthood. According to a regression analysis, the following factors predicted a strong life control in adulthood: regular physical exercise, positive changes in the family's social situation, no school class repeats, no experimentation with intoxicants in adolescence, admission into intermediate level of education, and no smoking in adolescence. It is crucially important for purposes of health promotion to identify factors which predict life control in adulthood. By helping adolescents to achieve life control, we are also helping them to cope with developmental tasks and therefore to promote their health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Research in nursing science: an analysis of research conference abstracts].

The purpose of this study is to describe the current state of research in nursing science and to compare the research done in the USA and Canada with that in other countries. The data consist of 367 research abstracts submitted for conference, which were analyzed in terms of focus, purpose and methodology. The statistical significances of differences were tested using the chi-square test. Most of the research was focused on patients and very little on nursing education or administration. The purpose was in most cases the conceptualization and description of phenomena. A fifth of the abstracts were concerned with the development and evaluation of forms of treatment or interventions, these being more often from the other countries than from the USA and Canada. The data had mostly been gathered by questionnaire, the second most frequent method being interview. Interviews were more often used in the other countries (33%) than in the USA and Canada (24%), where biophysiological measures were used equally often. Most studies were quantitative and only 15% were qualitative. Multivariate analyses were used more often in the USA and Canada than elsewhere. Most of the research analyzed here was carried out in the USA and Canada, and since the group of other countries was very heterogeneous, the results of this study cannot be generalized except in as far as they concern North America.

Canada↗
PubMed1993

[Actions of physicians, nurses, parents and friends in relationship with young diabetic patients].

The purpose of this study was to use young diabetics descriptions of their illness, treatment and care to explain the actions of physicians, nurses, parents and friends relationship with diabetics'. The empirical data were collected by interviewing 51 diabetics of age 13-17-years. The data were processed by the method of continuous comparative analysis. The young diabetics described the actions of physicians as motivating, authoritarian, negligent and routine. By motivating they meant that, the doctors and young diabetics acted together, discussing the treatment and care and planning it together, whereas the routine and authoritarian aspects of their action referred to things that the doctors didn't discuss with the patient, and care that wasn't individual. The nurses' were described as taking notice of the young diabetics as individuals, but their actions were or intended to comply with the doctors' instructions. The individual aspect consisted of planning the care together and trying to combine it with the young persons's life. The actions of the parents were described as motivating, involving acceptance and disciplined control. Their motivating action consisted of support and a natural interest in young diabetics's life and not only in the disease. The parents who accepted the young diabetics didn't try to influence them. They accepted that the people would not necessarily care for themselves. Their disciplined control consisted of a lot of questions about care and attempts to oblige the young diabetics to care for themselves better than they do. The young diabetics described their interaction with friends, in terms of their silent support, their friends dominating their lives or their friends having no meaning for their self care. When their friends dominated their lives, the young diabetics lived according to their friends' habit, in which case the care didn't fit in with the young diabetics' life style. The silent support of the friends was typical in that the friends reminded the young diabetics of their care and tried to change their own habits to fit the young diabetics' lives. Friends had no meaning for those young diabetics for whom the care was a natural part of their lives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Compliance of young diabetics with health regimens.

The compliance of young patients with diabetes regimens is explored by means of a questionnaire filled in by both the patients and their nurses and compared with the patients' glycosylated haemoglobin (HBA1) levels. The structured questionnaire was completed by 47 diabetics aged between 15 and 17 years. The adolescents had very similar views to the specialist nurse on their compliance with health regimens, and these assessments were also in line with the HBA1 values. One-third of the young patients showed a high degree of compliance with diabetes regimens, while just under a half showed average compliance; the remainder failed to comply adequately. Compliance was highest in the case of insulin treatment, self-care and co-operation with the nursing staff, and poorest in following dietary and home monitoring instructions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Learning the nursing process in nursing education].

This article examines how students under two different kinds of curriculum (old and new) have learned to use the concept of the nursing process in the planning of patient care and assesses their attitudes towards the nursing process. The data were collected from 264 students at three schools of nursing and 63 qualified nurses (as a reference group), who were asked to plan the care of one patient. The plans were evaluated according to criteria aimed at ascertaining how well the students and nurses used the concept of the nursing process. Their attitudes towards this concept were evaluated using 24 statements measured on the Likert scale. The data were analyzed by factor analysis and an analysis of variance. The students at nursing school C following the new curriculum were best at planning patient care, while all those at nursing school A (studying under either the new or the old curriculum) were better at doing so than the students at school B or the nurses. The differences between the groups were statistically significant. The students following the new curriculum had statistically significantly more positive attitudes towards the nursing process those students following the old curriculum or the qualified nurses.

Attitude↗
PubMed1989

Primary nursing: opinions of nursing staff before and during implementation.

The aim of this investigation was to consider the opinions of the nursing staff concerning the effects of primary nursing before and after the transition to this mode. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire which was answered by 62 registered nurses and practical nurses before the introduction of primary nursing and 58 such nurses five months after its introduction. The nursing staff reported both more favourable and detrimental effects during primary nursing than beforehand, the former including the improved opportunities for nurses to get to know their patients and to provide individual care, and the latter the increase in paperwork. The role of the primary nurse was mainly felt to be positive, but sometimes difficult and laborious.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

Teaching and adaptation of patients with myocardial infarction.

The role of teaching in facilitating adaptation were examined in 60 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) of working age (under 65 years). Recovery of three different patient groups were followed for one year at three times: at discharge and three months and one year after it. Data for evaluating the effects of the teaching program on the patients and their close relatives were collected by questionnaires from the patients at discharge and by interviewing the patients three months after discharge. Information on patients' recovery during the first year after MI was collected from patients' records. Impact of teaching was prominent on several outcome measures. Patients' knowledge of illness and care increased, they also perceived having received more information and support. The time devoted to exercise increased after myocardial infarction and amount of butter used on bread decreased in the follow-up state. No impact was observed on the outcome variables measuring patient's use of alcohol and smoking. Some of the impacts at the early stages of the convalescence were not lasting. After one year of MI patients had partly returned to their old life styles, for example some patients had resumed the smoking habit. Teaching of close relatives improved only slightly.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

A programme for developing nurses' skills and nursing practice.

In this paper we describe a programme for developing nursing care for patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and report some results of a study in which applicability and effectiveness of this programme were evaluated. To investigate how the programme influenced nursing practice, nurses' readiness (knowledge, skills, motivation, accountability) to provide care for MI patients was followed for 2 years. Data for the evaluation were collected by questionnaires from three categories of nurses, by analysing nursing documents before and 1 and 2 years after the programme started, and by keeping a continuous diary. This programme made an impact on many variables that measure changes in nursing practice and nurses' readiness to provide care. The implications of this programme for nursing practice, research, education and administration are discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗