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Biomedical subjects

M Henry

Publications and source records attributed to M Henry.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

In vitro susceptibilities of bacterial ocular isolates to fluoroquinolones.

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the in vitro antimicrobial activity of levofloxacin versus ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against ocular isolates from patients with bacterial conjunctivitis. METHODS: The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of ocular isolates to levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were determined using both the agar disk diffusion and broth dilution methods. RESULTS: Disk diffusion susceptibility testing disclosed that 99% (100 of 101 isolates) of gram-negative isolates and 98% (127 of 129 isolates) of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin; 96% (97 of 101 isolates) of gram-negative isolates and 78% (100 of 129 isolates) of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin; and 94% (95 of 101 isolates) of gram-negative isolates and 61% (79 of 129 isolates) of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Broth dilution testing disclosed that 99% (72 of 73 isolates) of gram-negative isolates and 98% (111 of 113 isolates) of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin; 96% (70 of 73 isolates) of gram-negative isolates and 92% (104 of 113 isolates) of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin; and 95% (69 of 73 isolates) of gram-negative isolates and 82% (93 of 113 isolates) of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, levofloxacin demonstrated superior in vitro activity against human bacterial conjunctival isolates compared with either ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin (levofloxacin > ofloxacin > ciprofloxacin).

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2001

Effect of penicillin on postoperative endodontic pain and swelling in symptomatic necrotic teeth.

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine the effect of penicillin on postoperative pain and swelling in symptomatic necrotic teeth. Forty-one emergency patients participated and each had a clinical diagnosis of a symptomatic necrotic tooth with associated periapical radiolucency. After endodontic treatment patients randomly received a 7-day oral dose (twenty-eight 500 mg capsules to be taken every 6 h) of either penicillin or a placebo control in a double-blind manner. Patients also received ibuprofen; acetaminophen with codeine (30 mg); and a 7-day diary to record pain, percussion pain, swelling, and number and type of pain medication taken. The majority of patients with symptomatic necrotic teeth had significant postoperative pain and require analgesic medication to manage this pain. The administration of penicillin postoperatively did not significantly (p > 0.05) reduce pain, percussion pain, swelling, or the number of analgesic medications taken for symptomatic necrotic teeth with periapical radiolucencies.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2001

Protected renal stenting with the PercuSurge GuardWire device: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of renal artery angioplasty and stenting utilizing a distal protection device to reduce the risk of intraprocedural atheroembolism. METHODS: Twenty-eight hypertensive patients (18 men; mean age 71.3 +/- 8.6 years, range 49-87) with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (4 bilateral) underwent angioplasty and stenting with distal protection in 32 renal arteries (29 ostial lesions). The lesion was crossed with a GuardWire temporary occlusion balloon, which was inflated to provide parenchymal protection. Generated debris was aspirated and analyzed. Blood pressure and serum creatinine levels were followed. RESULTS: Immediate technical success was 100%. All lesions were stented, either directly (14 ostial lesions), after predilation (15 ostial lesions), or owing to suboptimal angioplasty (3 nonostial lesions). Visible debris was aspirated from all patients. Mean particle number and diameter were 98.1 +/- 60.0 per procedure (range 13-208) and 201.2 +/- 76.0 microm (range 38-6206), respectively. Mean renal artery occlusion time was 6.55 +/- 2.46 min (range 2.29-13.21). Mean follow-up was 6.7 +/- 2.9 months (range 2-17). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure declined from 167.0 +/- 15.2 and 103.0 +/- 12.0 mm Hg, respectively, to 154.7 +/- 12.3 and 93.2 +/- 6.8 mm Hg after the procedure. The mean creatinine level dropped from 1.34 +/- 0.35 mg/dL preprocedurally to 1.22 +/- 0.36 mg/dL at 24 hours and remained constant. At 6-month follow-up, renal function did not deteriorate in any patient, whereas 5 patients with baseline renal insufficiency improved after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest the feasibility and safety of distal balloon occlusion during renal interventions to protect against atheroembolism. This technique's beneficial effects should be evaluated by randomized studies.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Congenital hypomyelination neuropathy in a newborn infant: unusual cause of diaphragmatic and vocal cord paralyses.

We report a case of congenital hypomyelination neuropathy presenting at birth. The infant had generalized hypotonia and weakness. There was decreased respiratory effort along with a right phrenic nerve and left vocal cord paralyses. Tongue fasciculations were present. Deep tendon reflexes were absent in the upper extremities and hypoactive (1+) in the lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed no intracranial abnormalities, including normal cerebral myelination. Nerve conduction study showed absence of motor and sensory action potentials in the hands when the nerves in the upper limbs were stimulated. A motor response could be elicited only in the proximal leg muscles. Needle electromyography study was normal in the proximal limb muscles, but showed active denervation in the distal muscles of the arm and leg. These findings were thought to be consistent with a length-dependent sensorimotor peripheral polyneuropathy of axonal type with greater denervation of the distal muscles. A biopsy of the quadriceps muscle showed mild variability in fiber diameter, but no group typing or group atrophy. The muscle fibers showed no intrinsic abnormalities. Biopsy of the sural nerve showed scattered axons with very thin myelin sheaths. There was also a nearly complete loss of large diameter myelinated fibers. No onion bulb formations were noted. These findings were thought to be consistent with congenital hypomyelination neuropathy with a component of axonopathy. DNA analysis for identification of previously characterized mutations in the genes MPZ, PMP22, and EGR2 was negative. Several attempts at extubation failed and the infant became increasingly ventilator-dependent with increasing episodes of desaturation and hypercapnea. He also developed increasing weakness and decreased movement of all extremities. He underwent surgery at 2 months of age for placement of a gastrostomy tube and a tracheostomy. He was discharged from the hospital on a ventilator at 6 months of age. The infant was 13 months old at the time of submission of this report. Although he appears cognitively normal, he remains profoundly hypotonic and is on a home ventilator. There was no evidence of progressive weakness. Congenital hypomyelination neuropathy is a rare form of neonatal neuropathy that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a newborn with profound hypotonia and weakness. It appears to be a heterogeneous disorder with some of the cases being caused by specific genetic mutations.

Demyelinating Diseases↗
PubMed2000

MSH2-deficient murine lymphomas harbor insertion/deletion mutations in the transforming growth factor beta receptor type 2 gene and display low not high frequency microsatellite instability.

High-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI), defined as more than 20% unstable loci, is an inconsistent finding in hematologic malignancies; consequently, the significance of deficient DNA mismatch repair (MMR) to their pathogenesis has been questioned. To further investigate the relationship between MMR deficiency and genomic instability in hematologic malignancies, this study evaluated MSH2-/- murine lymphomas for insertion/deletion (ID) mutations within the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor type II (TbetaR-II) gene and MSI at 10 neutral microsatellites. The lymphomas displayed ID mutations within short mononucleotide runs of TbetaR-II at a high frequency, whereas nonmalignant tissue from corresponding animals lacked mutations. Loss of TbetaR-II transcripts and protein was seen in 6 of 7 murine lymphomas harboring acquired TbetaR-II mutations. In the analysis of paired nonmalignant and tumor DNA samples, low-frequency but not high-frequency MSI was found. Low-frequency MSI occurred in 8 of 20 lymphomas and 12 displayed microsatellite stability. MSI was even less frequent in nonmalignant tissue as only 3 of 20 samples displayed low-frequency MSI and 17 displayed stability. Evaluation of 20 single cell clones from the MSH2-/- lymphoma cell lines R25 and L15 identified high-frequency MSI in 4 and 2 clones, respectively. The remaining clones showed low-frequency MSI or stability. These findings suggest that acquired TbetaR-II mutations represent important inactivating events in tumor pathogenesis following MSH2 deficiency. Furthermore, for some hematolymphoid malignancies, the evaluation of cancer-associated genes for ID mutations may represent a more sensitive marker of MMR deficiency than evaluation of neutral microsatellites for high-frequency MSI. (Blood. 2000;95:1767-1772)

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Global experience in cervical carotid artery stent placement.

The purpose of this article is to review and update the current status of carotid artery stent placement in the world. Surveys to major interventional centers in Europe, North and South America, and Asia were initially completed in June 1997. Subsequent information from these 24 centers in addition to 12 new centers has been obtained to update the information. The survey asked the various questions regarding the patients enrolled, procedure techniques, and results of carotid stenting, including complications and restenosis. The total number of endovascular carotid stent procedures that have been performed worldwide to date included 5,210 procedures involving 4,757 patients. There was a technical success of 98.4% with 5,129 carotid arteries treated. Complications that occurred during the carotid stent placement or within a 30-day period following placement were recorded. Overall, there were 134 transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) for a rate of 2.82%. Based on the total patient population, there were 129 minor strokes with a rate of occurrence of 2.72%. The total number of major strokes was 71 for a rate of 1.49%. There were 41 deaths within a 30-day postprocedure period resulting in a mortality rate of 0.86%. The combined minor and major strokes and procedure-related death rate was 5.07%. Restenosis rates of carotid stenting have been 1.99% and 3.46% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The rate of neurologic events after stent placement has been 1.42% at 6-12-month follow-up. Endovascular stent treatment of carotid artery atherosclerotic disease is growing as an alternative for vascular surgery, especially for patients that are high risk for standard carotid endarterectomy. The periprocedure risks for major and minor strokes and death are generally acceptable at this early stage of development and have not changed significantly since the first survey results. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 50:160-167, 2000.

Carotid Stenosis↗
PubMed2000

Ultrastructural study of relationships between c-kit immunoreactive interstitial cells and other cellular elements in the human colon.

C-kit immunocytochemistry was performed on ultrathin sections of human distal colon. Our attention was focused on relationships between c-kit immunoreactive interstitial cells (c-kit ICs) and muscular cells and nervous elements located in the external muscular layers of the colonic wall. C-kit ICs established membrane apposition with both nerve fibers and smooth muscle cells of, respectively, the longitudinal and circular muscle layers, the myenteric area, and the extremus submucosus plexus. C-kit ICs also surrounded the external submucosus plexus and established membrane appositions with nerve elements located inside the myenteric ganglia. These membrane appositions were observed either at the level of the c-kit IC bodies or at that of their cytoplasmic processes. In some cases, membrane appositions were observed concomitantly between the c-kit ICs, nerve fibers, and smooth muscle cells. In all the regions studied, the c-kit ICs were also found to be located in the close vicinity of blood vessels and to have established close contacts with non-immunoreactive fibroblast-like cells. The results of the present study shed essential light on the relationships of c-kit ICs with the neighboring muscle cells and nerve elements, and confirm that the intercalated c-kit ICs well fit with the so-called "interstitial cells of Cajal".

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Fungal atopy in adult cystic fibrosis.

This study set out to estimate the prevalence of atopy to a variety of common ubiquitous fungi, including A. fumigatus, in cystic fibrosis (CF), and to evaluate the investigations by which the diagnosis was made. Particular attention was paid to the usefulness of skin testing and immunoassays in detecting which patients had simple fungal atopy, and which patients were at high risk of developing allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses. This cross-sectional study included 21 adult CF patients and 20 matched controls. Serum samples were taken for the measurement of total serum IgE and specific serum IgE to nine common fungi. Immediate hypersensitivity skin prick testing to each of the fungi was also performed. Simple fungal atopy was described in subjects fulfilling the following criteria: total serum IgE > 100 KU l(-1) with specific radioimmunoassay > or = grade 1 to at least one fungus and a positive skin prick test (SPT) > or = 3 mm to the same fungus. 'High risk' for developing allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) was described in subjects fulfilling the following criteria: total serum IgE > 200 KU l(-1) with specific radioimmunoassay > or = grade 2 to at least one fungus and a positive skin prick test (SPT) > or = 6 mm to the same fungus. The adult CF group had a significantly higher total SPT score (P=0.005) and mean total serum IgE (P<0.05) than controls. Forty-three percent of CF patients fulfilled the criteria for fungal atopy to at least a single fungus. Over half this group had an atopic tendency to more than one fungus. Nineteen percent of the CF group were at least 'high risk' of developing ABPM. Skin prick testing is a better marker of fungal atopy and a better predictor of those adult CF patients at higher risk of developing ABPM than specific radioimmunoassay serum testing. There is a high prevalence of fungal atopy in the adult CF population. Total serum IgE and skin prick testing are good predictors of fungal atopy and help predict those at risk of developing ABPM in CF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Is there any relationship between plasma antioxidant capacity and lung function in smokers and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that oxidative stress is an important factor in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have shown that an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance occurs in the distal air spaces of smokers and in patients with COPD which is reflected systemically in the plasma. A study was undertaken to determine whether plasma antioxidant status correlated with lung function as assessed by forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in smokers and patients with COPD. METHODS: Plasma antioxidant capacity, assessed by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) as an index of overall systemic oxidative stress, and protein thiol levels were measured in 95 patients with stable COPD, in 82 healthy smokers, and in 37 healthy non-smokers. RESULTS: Mean (SE) plasma TEAC levels were significantly decreased in patients with COPD (0.81 (0.03) mmol/l, p<0.001) and in healthy smokers (0.87 (0.04) mmol/l, p<0. 001) compared with healthy non-smokers (1.31 (0.11) mmol/l). The mean differences in plasma antioxidant capacity (mM) were (0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22 to 1.48), (0.87, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.46), and (1.31, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.58) in patients with COPD, healthy smokers, and healthy non-smokers, respectively. This reduction was associated with a 29% (95% CI 18 to 38) and a 30% (95% CI 19 to 40) decrease in plasma protein thiol levels in COPD patients and smokers, respectively. Current smoking was not the main contributor to the reduction in antioxidant capacity in patients with COPD as those patients who were still smokers had similar TEAC levels (mean (SE) 0. 78 (0.05); n = 25) to those who had stopped smoking (0.84 (0.02); n = 70). No significant correlations were found between spirometric data measured as FEV(1) % predicted or FEV(1)/FVC % predicted and the plasma levels of TEAC in patients with COPD, healthy smokers, or healthy non-smokers. Similarly, there was no significant correlation between FEV(1) % predicted or FEV(1)/FVC % predicted and the levels of plasma protein thiols in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm decreased antioxidant capacity in smokers and patients with COPD, indicating the presence of systemic oxidative stress. However, no relationship was found between protein thiols or TEAC levels and measurements of airflow limitation in either smokers or in patients with COPD.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

The A -844G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene is associated with a higher risk of venous thrombosis in factor V Leiden carriers.

Identification of combined genetic factors in factor V Leiden carriers is important for a more accurate risk assessment for venous thrombosis (VT). Among these individuals, we evaluated the role of polymorphisms of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene in the thrombophilic phenotype. A total of 382 factor V Leiden carriers were included in the study. This population was divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n=168) included individuals with a personal history of VT; group 2 (n=140) included individuals without personal VT but with a familial history of VT; and group 3 (n=74) included individuals without VT and with a fortuitous discovery of the factor V Leiden mutation. We compared the genotype distribution of 2 polymorphisms, A -844G and -675 4G/5G, located in the promoter region of the PAI-1 gene among these 3 groups of individuals. The A -844G allele frequency differed significantly among the 3 groups (P=0.048), the A allele being more frequent in patients who suffered from VT (61%) than in subjects without VT (52%, P=0.015), whereas no difference was observed between the 2 groups of asymptomatic individuals. The prevalence of genotype AA carriers was higher in patients with VT (38%) than in asymptomatic individuals (21%, P=0. 015), leading to an odds ratio of 1.74 (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 3.8). Carrying the AA genotype conferred a risk of deep VT of 2. 08 (95% confidence interval, 1.28 to 3.40), whereas it did not seem to significantly influence the risk of pulmonary embolism. Concerning the -675 4G/5G polymorphism, no significant difference was observed among the 3 groups, the 4G allele frequency being 0.54 (in group 1), 0.49 (in group 2), and 0.45 (in group 3). These data suggest a role for the -A844G PAI-1 gene polymorphism in the thrombophilic phenotype of factor V Leiden carriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A qualitative and quantitative study on the enkephalinergic innervation of the pig gastrointestinal tract.

Enkephalins are involved in neural control of digestive functions such as motility, secretion, and absorption. To better understand their role in pigs, we analyzed the qualitative and quantitative distribution of enkephalin immunoreactivity (ENK-IR) in components of the intestinal wall from the esophagus to the anal sphincter. Immunohistochemical labelings were analyzed using conventional fluorescence and confocal microscopy. ENK-IR was compared with the synaptophysin immunoreactivity (SYN-IR). The results show that maximal ENK-IR levels in the entire digestive tract are reached in the myenteric plexuses and, to a lesser extent, in the external submucous plexus and the circular muscle layer. In the longitudinal muscle layer, ENK-IR was present in the esophagus, stomach, rectum, and anal sphincter, whereas it was absent from the duodenum to the distal colon. In the ENK-IR plexuses and muscle layers, more than 60% of the nerve fibers identified by SYN-IR expressed ENK-IR. No ENK-IR was observed in the internal submucous plexus and the mucosa; the latter was found to contain ENK-IR endocrine cells. These results strongly suggest that, in pigs, enkephalins play a major role in the regulatory mechanisms that underlie the neural control of digestive motility.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Immunodetection of alpha1E voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel in chromogranin-positive muscle cells of rat heart, and in distal tubules of human kidney.

The calcium channel alpha1E subunit was originally cloned from mammalian brain. A new splice variant was recently identified in rat islets of Langerhans and in human kidney by the polymerase chain reaction. The same isoform of alpha1E was detected in rat and guinea pig heart by amplifying indicative cDNA fragments and by immunostaining using peptide-specific antibodies. The apparent molecular size of cardiac alpha1E was determined by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting (218 +/- 6 kD; n = 3). Compared to alpha1E from stably transfected HEK-293 cells, this is smaller by 28 kD. The distribution of alpha1E in cardiac muscle cells of the conducting system and in the cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2 was compared to the distribution of chromogranin, a marker of neuroendocrine cells, and to the distribution of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). In serial sections from atrial and ventricular regions of rat heart, co-localization of alpha1E with ANP was detected in atrium and with chromogranin A/B in Purkinje fibers of the conducting system in both rat atrium and ventricle. The kidney is another organ in which natriuretic peptide hormones are secreted. The detection of alpha1E in the distal tubules of human kidney, where urodilatin is stored and secreted, led to the conclusion that the expression of alpha1E in rat heart and human kidney is linked to regions with endocrine functions and therefore is involved in the Ca(2+)-dependent secretion of peptide hormones such as ANP and urodilatin.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed2000

Genetic polymorphisms and coronary artery disease in the south of France.

Vascular disease is a multifactorial disease that involves atherosclerotic and thrombotic factors. Genetic polymorphisms have been associated with myocardial infarction and angina pectoris. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between some genetic polymorphisms and myocardial infarction (MI) or vasospastic angina pectoris in a population from southern France. Genetic polymorphisms of the renin angiotensin system (the D/I polymorphism of the ACE gene and the A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor [AT1R]) and of haemostatic factors (the -675 4G/5G polymorphism of the plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1[PAI-1] gene, and the G to T common point mutation in exon 2, codon 34 of the Factor XIII A-subunit gene) were examined. We assessed the genotype distribution in consecutive coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with MI (n = 201) and vasospastic angina pectoris (n = 43) and in 244 healthy controls comparable in age, sex, body mass index and total cholesterol level. The genotype distribution of AT1R polymorphism was significantly different between controls and patients, the prevalence of the C allele carriers being higher in patients with MI after the age of 45 than in control individuals (61 vs 45%, p <0.01), leading to an odds ratio (OR) of 2 (CI: 1.2-3.4). When looking at the group of patients with vasospastic angina the difference was even higher (76 vs 45%, p <0.01) yielding an OR of 4.3 (CI: 1.4-17.4). Genotype distributions of ACE, PAI-1 and Factor XIII polymorphisms were similar in patients and in controls. This study is in favor of a role of ATIR gene polymorphism in myocardial infarction and vasospastic angina.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

State of the art: which stent for which lesion in peripheral interventions?

Applications of endovascular procedures have been expanded dramatically throughout the human body for both occlusive and aneurysmal disease; arteries at the aortoiliac and femoropopliteal levels are no exception. Currently, interventional procedures are the 1st treatment option for most patients who have peripheral artery disease. Although balloon angioplasty alone offers good immediate and long-term results, the addition of stents has been proposed to improve the procedural success of angioplasty and extend its application to more patients with vascular disease. Stenting, however, is controversial. Its use is considered acceptable in the aortoiliac vessels but is more in dispute for the femoropopliteal vessels. Moreover, the rapid development of endovascular stents for peripheral applications has made stent selection a complicated task for clinical practitioners. Many factors influence the type of stent selected; therefore, knowledge of the stents available--including various designs and individual properties--is mandatory. Appropriate selection depends on adequate preprocedural evaluation of the lesion; the choice of approach; the choice of primary versus selective stent placement; the location and characteristics of the lesion; the availability of stents in the intervention suite; and the experience of the operator Several stents are now available, but they are not equivalent; it is important to select the stent that is best suited to the lesion. On the basis of our experience using different types of stents, as well as our review of the world medical literature, we summarize the properties of various stents and specific indications for their application. This report is intended for use as a practical guide to stent selection.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗