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Biomedical subjects

M Hayes

Publications and source records attributed to M Hayes.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

VP-16-213 in the treatment of stage III and IV diffuse large cell lymphoma.

Between 1975 and 1979, 81 consecutive patients with clinical Stage III or IV diffuse large cell lymphoma were randomized to prospectively receive the epipodophyllotoxin VP-16-213 as a single agent (Group 1: n = 25), or an equivalent quantity of the same drug combined with either cyclophosphamide (Group 2: n = 24), or doxorubicin (Group 3: n = 32). In previously untreated patients complete remission rates were 55% for Group 1, 29% for Group 2, and 62% for Group 3, with further partial remission in 22%, 12%, and 13%, and overall median survival for the three groups being 19 months, 5 months, and 19 months, respectively. There was no difference between Group 1 and Group 3, whereas the cyclophosphamide-containing regimen (Group 2) was clearly inferior (P less than 0.01). Survival was adversely affected by failure to achieve complete remission, prior chemotherapy, and the presence of high bulk disease. No statistically significant correlation could be demonstrated between survival and histologic subtype, differences between Stage III and IV disease, and invasion of either the bone marrow or gastrointestinal tract. The epipodophyllotoxin VP-16-213 is an active agent in patients with advanced stages of diffuse large cell lymphoma. The inferior results obtained when combined with cyclophosphamide remain unexplained. The inclusion of previously treated patients in the series suggested a superiority for combining the epipodophyllotoxin VP-16-213 with doxorubicin, since a higher percentage achieved complete remission, median duration of survival was longer, and a great number of individuals remain disease-free. When re-analysed excluding previously treated patients, these differences are no longer evident and the combination is not statistically superior to the epipodophyllotoxin alone.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1985

Improved performance of plasma gonadotrophin assays using common reagents and assay protocols: evidence from the UK External Quality Assessment Scheme.

Radioimmunoassay kits prepared in the Chelsea Hospital for Women for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) have been used in 26 UK laboratories for over 2 years. Data from the UK External Quality Assessment Schemes for FSH and LH have been used to provide an independent assessment of the performance of these kits over a 12-month period. For both analytes, users of the kits were found to have: a low variability of the bias, implying good within-laboratory, between-assay precision; a lower between-laboratory, within-sample geometric coefficient of variation than users of 'own' methods, implying better between-laboratory agreement; method bias that did not differ significantly from laboratories using 'own' method protocols. This survey indicates that a non-commercial organisation can produce immunoassay kits that improve the quality of FSH and LH assays generally available.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone↗
PubMed1985

Erotomania in Schneider-positive schizophrenia. A case report.

A case of erotomania (de Clérambault's syndrome) in a female with Schneider-positive schizophrenia is presented. The factors in her environment which may have precipitated the illness are discussed. The secondary nature of the syndrome is further illustrated by a discussion of the literature. In erotomania, the deluded victim, usually a woman, believes that a man, unattainable because of his social status, is in love with her. The nosological purity of the syndrome, despite its relative rarity, remains a subject of considerable debate. We present a case of erotomania in a female with schneiderian first rank symptoms (FRS) of schizophrenia (Schneider, 1959).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Unusual response of lymphocytic lymphoma (not hairy cell leukaemia) to splenectomy without chemotherapy.

An unusual period of prolonged disease control after splenectomy without chemotherapy was achieved in 3 cases of B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma with pancytopenia, massive splenomegaly, minimal lymphadenopathy and circulating hairy cells. The finding of distinctive histopathological features in the bone marrow, lymph nodes and splenic tissue enabled this unusual condition to be characterized and differentiated from hairy cell leukaemia, which may have similar presenting features and in which response to splenectomy is generally good.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

An investigation of the attitudes of medical students to physically disabled people.

A study was carried out to investigate the change in attitudes towards physically disabled people of a group of fifty-eight medical students during the first 3 years of their course. The students attended a newly established medical school which has developed a curriculum without the traditional division into preclinical and clinical years and where contact with patients occurs from the first year. Results demonstrated that, as expected, at the start of the course the attitudes of females towards disabled people were more positive than those of males. Also, a significant change in attitudes was found after 3 years, both males and females demonstrating more positive attitudes toward physical disability. The differences between males and females were maintained. The relationship between these students' attitudes and their behaviour was discussed and proposals for further research to investigate this are outlined.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Acetaldehyde binds to liver cell membranes without affecting membrane function.

Acetaldehyde is a major metabolic product of ethanol and is found in high concentrations in the serum during alcohol abuse. The effects of acetaldehyde on isolated rat liver cells and on purified hepatocyte plasma membrane vesicles have been studied. In concentrations of 0-10 millimolar acetaldehyde has been shown to have no detectable effect on either hepatocyte metabolism or gross membrane function and is therefore unlikely to act as a direct metabolic poison. Acetaldehyde, however, is shown to bind to hepatocyte membranes via intermediary Schiff's base formation. The adduction of acetaldehyde to liver cell plasma membranes may have an effect on membrane structure. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that any injurious effect of acetaldehyde on the liver may be mediated via the immune system rather than being a direct effect on cell metabolism.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1984

Mortality experience of glass fibre workers.

A historical prospective mortality study was conducted at an insulating wool plant in Ontario, Canada, on 2576 men who had worked for at least 90 days and were employed between 1955 and 1977. Eighty eight deaths were found in the 97.2% of men traced. Mortality was compared by the person-years method with that of the Ontario population. Measurements taken since 1977 show very low fibre concentrations. The overall standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was 78%, significantly below 100. Among plant only employees, seven deaths were attributed to lung cancer compared with 4.22 expected, a non-significant excess (SMR = 166; 95% confidence limits 67 to 342). No confirmed cases of mesothelioma were observed and no other disease was significantly increased in plant workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immunity against genital infection by Histophilus ovis in rams.

Rams have been immunized against an infection of their genitalia by Histophilus ovis. An alum-precipitated antigen and an antigen plus Freund's complete adjuvant proved equally effective. An injection of live H. ovis into the epididymal tissue proved to be a better method of challenging immunity than an injection into the vas deferens. It was shown that cell-mediated immunity, as evidenced by tests for lymphocyte transformation, the presence of a macrophage migration inhibition factor and a delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction did not play a role in the resistance, nor did specific IgG antibodies have any protective influence. It was shown that neutrophils play a cardinal role in the immunity against H. ovis infection in so far as they phagocytize and destroy the organisms and are attracted to them by chemotaxis in immune animals.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

Diagnostic value of trephine biopsy in bone disease.

A clinical diagnosis of myeloma was made in a 44-year-old woman with anaemia, a markedly raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, osteolytic lesions in the pelvis, and a pathological fracture of the femur. Confirmatory trephine biopsy showed, instead of plasma cell infiltration, destruction of the normal micro-anatomy of the marrow with bridging fibrosis, gross osteoclastic proliferation, and areas of new bone formation. These are the features of hyperparathyroidism. Subsequently, a solitary adenoma of the parathyroid glands was demonstrated and resected. This case illustrates the value of examination of the trabeculae in trephine biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of bone disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Use of multivariate analysis to improve the accuracy of radionuclide angiography with stress in detecting coronary artery disease in men.

A multivariate analysis (MVA) system was derived retrospectively from a population of 76 males with coronary artery disease and 18 control subjects. Posterior probabilities were then derived from such a system prospectively in a new male population of 11 subjects with normal coronary arteries and hemodynamics and 63 patients with coronary artery disease. The sensitivity was 84% compared to that for change in ejection fraction (delta EF) greater than or equal to 5 criterion of 71% (p less than 0.01), the specificity was 91% compared to 73% for the delta EF greater than or equal to 5 criterion (p greater than 0.05), and the correct classification rate was 85% compared to 72% for the delta EF greater than or equal to 5 criterion (p less than 0.01). The significant variables were: change in EF with exercise, percent maximal heart rate, change in end-diastolic volume (delta EDV) with exercise, change in R wave, and exercise duration. Application of the multivariate approach to radionuclide imaging with stress, including both exercise and nuclear parameters, significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of the test and allowed for a probability statement concerning the likelihood of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Student characteristics on entry to an innovative medical programme.

The interests, attitudes and motivations of two groups of first-year medical undergraduates, one group from an innovative medical school and one group from a more traditional school were compared. Differences were found between the two groups in their reasons for studying medicine, their attitudes to medical education, and the role of the medical profession. The students from the innovative school placed more emphasis on the interpersonal and practical aspects of medicine as well as a sense of responsibility to the community. Reasons for these differences were discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗