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Biomedical subjects

M Hawke

Publications and source records attributed to M Hawke.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Ethmomaxillary sinus and hypoplasia of maxillary sinus.

In a series of 410 coronal CT scans performed to assess paranasal sinus disease, we have identified eight cases in which an ethmomaxillary sinus was present. The ethmomaxillary sinus was unilateral in five cases and bilaterally present in three. The sex incidence was equal. Four patients had generalized mucosal disease of their paranasal sinuses which included the ethmomaxillary sinus whereas four patients had osteomeatal complex disease and sparing of their ethmomaxillary sinus. The characteristic radiological features of an ethmomaxillary sinus were drainage into an enlarged superior meatus, reduction in the size of the maxillary sinus and a normal bony orbital cavity. The differential diagnosis of an apparently hypoplastic maxillary sinus is briefly discussed.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1991

Computed tomographic findings in atrophic rhinitis.

Computed tomography (CT) has been used increasingly in the assessment of patients with symptoms of sinonasal disease since the introduction of functional endoscopic surgery for the treatment of chronic sinusitis. The association of sinusitis and atrophic rhinitis will inevitably lead to more frequent imaging of patients with atrophic rhinitis. Correct interpretation of the CT appearances of atrophic rhinitis is important as misinterpretation may have serious implications during sinus surgery. These appearances have not been described previously. We describe and discuss the CT findings in three patients with clinical evidence of atrophic rhinitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The safety and efficacy of Emla cream topical anesthesia for myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion.

Emla cream is a eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine which can be used to anesthetize the tympanic membrane for myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion. This paper describes the anesthetic method and considers the safety and efficacy of this technique in 37 tympanic membranes from 29 adult patients. All of the patients easily tolerated the procedure. Patients with experience of previous tympanic membrane anesthetic techniques stated a preference for the Emla cream technique. No patient complained postoperatively of vertigo or tinnitus. Pure tone audiometry was performed on all 29 patients in whom a ventilation tube was inserted, both before tube insertion and at review consultation (between one month and 12 months after tube insertion. There was no audiometric evidence of ototoxicity.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

The organic composition of earwax.

Earwax is a mixture of desquamated keratinocytes and hair combined with the secretions of both the ceruminous and the sebaceous glands of the external ear canal. This study analyzed earwax using the combination analytical technique of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The major organic components of earwax identified were long chain fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated, alcohols, squalene and cholesterol. This study demonstrated that it is not currently possible to quantify statistically the substances which constitute earwax with accuracy. The presence of foreign substances within earwax was identified as a complicating factor in the analysis of earwax.

Cerumen↗
PubMed1991

Ossicular erosion by cholesteatoma: investigation by scanning electron microscopy utilizing a new preparation technique.

A new technique for removing the soft tissues from middle ear ossicles to prepare them for scanning electron microscopy is described. The technique involved use of a solution of hypochlorite. The bony surface of normal ossicles was studied as a control group after preparation by the technique and no morphological distortion was observed. Ossicles eroded by cholesteatoma were then studied, and we propose that the erosion occurs in three stages; pumicing, pitting and cavitating. The mucoperiosteum of normal ossicles and otosclerotic foci were also studied.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1991

Persistence of the foramen of Huschke in the adult: an osteological study.

The foramen of Huschke, which appears during the embryological development of the tympanic bone, usually closes by the age of five years. A review of 377 dried skulls revealed that the foramen of Huschke was present in adult life in 7% of the skulls examined. A patent foramen of Huschke in the adult may, in rare cases, be the cause of temporomandibular joint herniation or fistulization through the anterior wall of the bony external canal.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The motility of keratinocytes in cholesteatoma: an ultrastructural approach to epithelial migration.

Eight cases of attico-antral cholesteatoma were studied by transmission electron microscopy concentrating on the mechanisms involved in intercellular adhesion. Desmosomes were found in large numbers throughout the epidermis and were arranged in various orientations around the keratinocytes. Those desmosomes found in the stratum corneum were significantly less dense than those in deeper layers and were associated with a large number of intercellular spaces, which would reduce the cohesive strength of this layer. The tortuous basement membrane features numerous hemidesmosomes along its length. The findings of this study were compared with previous ultrastructural observations made on the pars flaccida and pars tensa of the tympanic membrane and external canal skin. This revealed that the morphological characteristics of cholesteatoma resemble pars flaccida and external canal skin rather than pars tensa. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1990

Quelprud's nodule: a post-auricular cartilaginous nodule.

A number of minor variations to the configuration of the external ear are well recognized. This paper brings attention to one entity which is characterized by a small cartilaginous nodule or prominence arising from the posterior surface of the pinna and which we have named Quelprud's nodule. A prospective clinical survey of 208 patients attending an ENT clinic revealed that nearly one-third of the population studied possess this nodule. There was an equal sex incidence. The Quelprud's nodule was identified within families in a distribution which suggests an autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expressivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Impacted cerumen: a disorder of keratinocyte separation in the superficial external ear canal?

In the majority of individuals, impaction of cerumen in the external auditory canal does not occur, and it is only a fraction of the population who regularly need to consult their physician for aural toilet. In this study we looked at the clinical features associated with recurrent cerumen impaction in 20 individuals. This was complemented by an examination of the cerumen plugs taken from their ears and hydrated to analyze the morphology of the keratin sheets, which had been observed in a previous study to constitute over one-half of the volume of impacted cerumen. In a further eight patients with cerumen, impaction plugs of cerumen were removed and subjected to histological examination. We observed that excessively long sheets of undivided keratin could be isolated from the hydrated cerumen plugs and that these sheets of keratin morphologically resembled the superficial layers of the stratum corneum of normal human deep external auditory canal skin. Based on these observations, we propose that cerumen impaction is the result of a failure in the normal keratinocyte separation which occurs in the superficial external auditory canal.

Cerumen↗
PubMed1990

Glomus bodies in the temporal bone.

There are very few studies in the literature of the anatomy of glomus bodies in the temporal bone, and their function in the normal ear remains undiscovered. In this study, human, squirrel monkey, and cat temporal bone sections were examined by light microscopy for the presence of glomus bodies, and the anatomy and distribution of glomus bodies in the temporal bone is described. For the first time, glomus bodies have been identified in non-human temporal bone sections. A possible function for these chemoreceptor-like structures in the ear is discussed.

Adolescent↗