A national health service for South Africa.
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South Africa↗
Biomedical subjects
M Haus
Publications and source records attributed to M Haus.
The transition from idealism to pragmatism in medical practice.
The principles and practice of medicine as taught at our medical schools today cannot find expressive fulfillment in the private sector, nor are they appropriate in adequately serving our Third-World population. This results in many of our primary care physicians leaving general practice because of frustration and lack of fulfillment. Urgent correction of the status quo is necessary, particularly by making better use of specially trained primary health care nursing sisters and by readjustment of the statutory tariff, making it cost-effective for the physician to utilize his resources for optimal patient benefit.
Comprehensive Health Care↗
Sandwich nucleic acid hybridization: a method with a universally usable labeled probe for various specific tests.
Nucleic acid hybridization is widely used for scientific applications but essentially restricted to specialized laboratories. The use of recombinant m 13 phages as hybridization probes (Hu and Messing (1980) Gene 17, 271; Messing (1983) Methods Enzymol. 101, 20) offers a considerable advantage over the commonly used recombinant plasmids as the preparation of the DNA probe is very simple and it can easily be labeled directly, e.g. with isotopes with long half-life like 125I (Commerford (1971) Biochemistry 10, 11 (1983); Gu et al. (1983) Cancer (China) 2, 129; Han and Harding (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 14) and used for hybridization. However, as the application of nucleic acid hybridization for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes becomes almost unavoidable, the logistic problems of keeping numerous individually labeled hybridization probes increase considerably and may reach prohibitory levels in less well-equipped laboratories. In a new sandwich technique, the first step involves hybridization with an unlabeled recombinant m 13 DNA carrying an insert of the desired specificity. In a second step a universally usable labeled probe directed against the m 13 part of the recombinant phage DNA is applied. This reduces considerably the problems of preparing and keeping multiple labeled probes in stock.
Bacteriophages↗
Demonstration of pseudorabies virus DNA in the mouse inner ear by an in situ nucleic acid hybridization technique in plastic embedded bony material.
This investigation is concerned with the possibility of identifying viral DNA using the in situ DNA hybridization method in methylmethacrylate-embedded material. As an experimental model we chose viral labyrinthitis produced by intranasal infection of the mouse with pseudorabies virus. Fixation and embedding methods specially adapted to this procedure and bony histology preparation technique (specimens by grinding or micromilling) made it possible to identify viral DNA directly morphologically and virologically in the inner ear. Quantitative microphotometric analyses of trans-sagittal sections of the entire skull after in situ DNA hybridization are presented and discussed here as an explicit method of investigating the path of distribution of viral DNA in the brain and the inner ear.
Animals↗
Detection of pseudorabies virus DNA in the inner ear of intranasally infected BALB/c mice with nucleic acid hybridization in situ.
Evidence for the pathogenicity of pseudorabies virus for the auditory and vestibular organs of experimentally infected mice is presented. We demonstrate viral genomes in cells of the peripheral sensory organs, the nerve structures, and the affected areas of the brain in single sections from an entire cranium of an adult mouse. The data were obtained by an in situ hybridization technique adapted for use with fixed, plastic-embedded materials. In contrast to conventional methods which use frozen sections, we were able to analyze cartilaginous and bony materials with high resolution.
Animals↗
Persistence of Epstein-Barr virus in the parotid gland.
Two independent techniques, in situ hybridization on frozen sections and reassociation kinetics, have been used to localize Epstein-Barr virus genomes in tissue samples from healthy human adults. Whereas specimens taken from the palatine tonsils were invariably negative, all samples from the parotid gland were positive when tested with either technique. This observation suggests that the parotid gland is, besides the peripheral lymphocytes, a site of lifelong persistence of Epstein-Barr virus and probably the site of low-level virus production which may be the source of virus found in the oropharynx.
Adult↗
New developments in nucleic acid hybridization.
Nucleic acid hybridization is widely used for scientific applications in specialized laboratories. This paper describes hybridization probes that can be prepared with less specialized equipment. A new indirect 'sandwich' hybridization test is described which allows the use of only one universally usable labelled probe for hybridization tests with specificities for various sequences. The use of different labels and hybridization techniques is also discussed and critically compared. For in situ hybridization, the usability of fixed and embedded materials is tested and evaluated.
DNA, Viral↗
[Tonsillar cancer and Epstein-Barr virus].
Epstein-Barr Virus is an important aetiological factor in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Serology suggested that besides NPC some other tumours located within the lymphoepithelial ring of the throat (Waldeyer's ring) might be associated with EBV. Nucleic-acid hybridizations were carried out to detect the presence of EBV-DNA in tumour biopsies derived from tonsillar carcinomas. We were able to demonstrate the presence of EBV-DNA in the tumour cells of two poorly differentiated carcinomas. We think that only a small fraction of tonsillar carcinomas is positive for EBV. The aetiologic relationship of EBV with tumours of Waldeyer's ring is discussed.
Animals↗
Species specificity in the immunologic reactions and biological functions of transcobalamin II.
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Animals↗
Reversal of active labour. A case report.
The clinical course of primiparous patient who presented in premature labour at 31 weeks' gestation is described. Cervical dilatation was reversed from 9 cm and pregnancy continued for 6 days. The possible causes and mechanism are discussed and the implications are considered.
Adult↗
HLA antigens in 16 families with xeroderma pigmentosum.
Xeroderma pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive disease. HLA-A and -B typing was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes and platelets. Sixteen Tunisian families were typed with 37 patients and 108 relatives. Genetic transmission of the disease and of the HLA system seemed to be independent in this study. Comparison of HLA gene frequencies between (unrelated) parents of patients and a control population showed no difference, proving that there is no clear association in populations between deleterious XP genes and a particular HLA gene. However, an excess of identical HLA among pairs of diseased siblings would suggest that the disease is polymorphic and a form of the XP could be linked to HLA.
Blood Platelets↗