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Biomedical subjects

M Hauge

Publications and source records attributed to M Hauge.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Psoriasis in an unselected series of twins.

The relative importance of genetic factors in the origin, age at onset, clinical type, course, and severity of psoriasis was evaluated on the basis of an unbiased sample of twins, ie, the Danish Twin Register, which covers the total population of twins born in Denmark. All verified and probable cases of psoriasis in twins, born 1891 through 1920, were ascertained. Results are presented of an examination of all members of index pairs in which both partners were alive on a certain date. Fourteen monozygotic and 22 dizygotic, like-sexed pairs were found to include at least one partner with unquestionable psoriasis. Zygosity determination was mainly based on extensive serological examinations. The analyses show that the manifestation of psoriasis depends almost exclusively on the presence of the specific genotype. The age at onset, clinical type, course, and severity are also mainly determined by the genetic constitution. Association with certain HLA antigens of the B series has been confirmed, but the fact that many of the twins (including several of the concordant monozygotic pairs) possess neither of these antigens shows the corresponding genes to be important, but not decisive, elements in the predisposition. We conclude that psoriasis is a genetically determined disorder that may, to a limited extent, be modified by environmental influences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A Danish twin study of manic-depressive disorders.

The existence of a nation-wide twin register and central psychiatric register has made possible a catamnestic investigation of an unselected and representative sample of twins with manic-depressive disorders. From a total population of 11,288 same-sexed twin pairs born 1870-1920 in Denmark 126 probands from 110 pairs were ascertained. Among the co-twins of 69 monozygotic probands there were found 46 with manic-depressive disorders, and a further 14 had presented other psychoses or marked affective personality disorders or had committed suicide, yielding a proband rate of strict concordance, C1 = 0-67 and of broad, partial concordance, C2 = 0-87. The corresponding direct pairwise concordance rates were 32/55 = 0-58 and 46/55 = 0-84 respectively. For the dizygotic twins the proband concordance rate of C1 was 11/54 = 0-20 and of C2 20/54 = 0-37, and the direct pairwise rates were 9/52 = 0-17 and 18/52 = 0-35 respectively. The differences between the pairwise rates for the monozygotic and dizgotic twins are significant (P less than 0-001 at X2 analysis). This finding is in accordance with previous twin studies of manic-depressive disorders and confirms the evidence of a strong genetic factor. The concordance with respect to unipolar and bipolar forms was not in contradiction to recent evidence of a genetic difference between the bipolar and unipolar form, the latter probably related to the female sex.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Cancer as a late-onset complication of kidney transplantation.

A Scandinavian material of 2,683 transplanted patients, 59 of whom were diagnosed to have tumours, was analysed and the following found: 1) a greatly increased incidence of mesenchymal tumours (especially reticulosarcomata), 2) a greatly increased occurrence of "chronic pyelonephritis" (as a primary disease) among tumour patients, and 3) a correlation between tumour incidence and HLA-B mismatch between donor and recipient. Based on this material it is proposed that chronic immunostimulation in the recipient caused by graft antigens and bacteria and virus antigens puts a stop to T-suppressor lymphocyte function and subsequent proliferation of the lymphoid tissue, and that this is a major factor in the appearance of tumours derived from mesenchymal tissue, whereas the occurrence of ectodermal tumours is a result of a series of other oncogenetic factors.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1975

The value of fluorescence markers in the distinction between maternal and fetal chromosomes.

Selected fluorescence markers of chromosomes were studied in 50 paired samples of cells obtained by culture of amniocentesis material and by culture of leukocytes from pregnant women. Comparative analyses showed that this method is of great value in disclosing admixture of maternal cells to material obtained by amniocentesis, as a minimum of 2 fluorescence marker differences between mother and fetus was found in the present material. The distribution of markers in mother/fetus pairs is in agreement with the assumption of genetic determination. Variation was observed between populations with respect to the frequency of the markers studied.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1975

Renal transplantation and cancer. The Scandia transplant material.

Between 1965 and 1973, 30 malignant tumours were found in patients transplanted in Scandinavia. Of these tumours, 24 were found in the 1,254 patients transplanted in Scandinavia as part of the Scandia Tranplant Programme between 1969 and 1972. Using the information recorded in the programme, 418 Danish patients who received their first and only transplant between 1969 and 1972 were selected and followed until 31/12 1973. Twelve tumours occurred in these patients. A comparison with the expected age, sex and time-specific incidence rates from the Danish Cancer Register was made and the observed tumour incidence was found to be significantly (P less than 0.001) greater than expected. Tumour incidence was found to be associated with incompatibility in the FOUR series, but was unrelated to number of rejections, the presence of HL-A antibodies and sex difference between donor and recipient. Apart from certain special forms of immunosuppression which could be oncogenic, the cause of tumour development appears to be multifactorial, both the allograft itself and immunosuppressive treatment playing a role.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Amylo-1,60glucosidase deficiency (glycogenosis type III) in the Faroe Islands.

Seven cases of glycogenosis type III (amylo-1,6-glucosidase deficiency) in two probably related families from the Faroe Islands are presented. The group of patients comprised two pairs of sibs. In a total of 78 members of the two families case histories were obtained and clinical examinations, analyses of amylo-1,6-glycosidase activity in erythrocytes and leucocytes, determinations of red cell, serum and enzyme groups as well as HL-A types were performed. In addition, all patients were subjected to studies of liver function. The distribution patients in these families supports the assumption of autosomal recessive inheritance. Heterozygotes could not be diagnosed with certainty by the methods of enzyme activity analysis employed. The incidence of glycogenosis type III with amylo-1,6-glucosidase deficiency was found to be high in the Faroe Islands.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Sex-linked hereditary thrombocytopenia with immunological defects.

14 cases of severe thrombocytopenia in one family are presented. Case histories, clinical examination, analyses of platelets, haemoglobin, reticulocytes, leucocytes, eosinophilocytes, differential counts of leucocytes, serum immunoglobulin IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE concentrations, complement fixing platelet antibodies, isohaemagglutinins, colour perception, determination of red cell and serum groups as well as HL-A types were obtained from a total of 59 members of the family. The in vitro blast transformation response of blood lymphocytes was studied in 6 patients and 45 relatives. The pattern of transmission of the disease was in full agreement with X-linked recessive inheritance. Investigation of the immune system revealed impaired responses to microbial antigens in the 6 patients so studied. All relatives examined had normal haematological status, whereas approximately half showed a subnormal response to one microbial extract. The low responders were evenly distributed within the family, and it was not possible to correlate low response and presumed carrier state.

Adolescent↗