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Biomedical subjects

M Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Hashimoto.

At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A case-control study of uterine endometrial cancer of pre- and post-menopausal women.

Endometrial cancers are generally divided into at least two different pathogenetic types. One occurs from the proliferative endometrium, depending on continuous estrogen stimulation, while the other is not related to the stimulation and occurs from the atrophic endometrium of older post-menopausal women. In order to assess the risk factors for endometrial carcinoma (EC), a case-control study with 136 Japanese women having EC and with 376 healthy controls for ECs in Japan, together with an immunohistochemical analyses on p53, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) of EC patients was undertaken. Nulliparity, increased BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, later age at menopause and personal cancer history were all seen predominantly in the EC group. Frequency of irregular menses, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity in the EC patients under 40-year old was significantly higher than the control group. Immunohistochemical expressions of ER (P<0.05) and PR (P<0. 01) were more frequently recognized in the EC of the pre-menopausal than in the post-menopausal patients. On the other hand, p53 overexpression was detected in 27.2% of the post-menopausal EC group, while only found in 7.1% of the pre-menopausal EC group. These findings indicate that possible factors related to endometrial carcinogenesis are different between the pre- and post-menopausal EC patients. Namely, untreated ovarian dysfunction such as PCOS with unopposed estrogenic action in the endometrium may be associated with development and growth of EC in younger women, yet abnormality of p53 gene may be more concerned with the development of the post-menopausal EC, independently of sex steroid influence.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of functional brain imaging in the evaluation of vascular dementia.

There are various types of underlying damage to tissue and vessels in vascular dementia, including (1) single or multiple infarcts that involve association and limbic cortices, (2) small subcortical infarcts disrupting cortico-subcortical circuits, and (3) white matter lesions. The clinical picture of vascular dementia varies, and the role of functional brain imaging of cerebral blood flow and metabolism would be expected to be different among subtypes of vascular dementia. The role and value of functional brain imaging is limited for cortical infarcts; it is very valuable in assessing the impact on cortical function for small subcortical infarcts; and it is probably useful for evaluating white matter lesions, but this needs to be determined in further studies. At least in research of vascular dementia, functional brain imaging criteria should be included for proper patient selection. Careful studies using functional imaging tools in a well-characterized patient population will be needed.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Small cell carcinoma of the lung: CT findings of parenchymal lesions.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the CT findings of small cell carcinoma of the lung. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT findings were retrospectively reviewed in 38 patients (34 men, 4 women; aged 46-73 years) with pathologically proven small cell carcinoma. RESULTS: Tumors were located centrally in 23 cases (61%) and peripherally in 15 cases (39%). Twenty-seven patients had a bulky central mass with encasement of the great vessels or extrinsic compression of the airway (22 central tumors, 5 peripheral tumors). Six patients had peripheral lesions without adenopathy. Five peripheral small cell carcinomas demonstrated peribronchial thickening adjacent to the primary tumor. CONCLUSION: The first sign of small cell carcinoma most typically is a bulky central mass that represents metastasis to the hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes. Although no findings specific to peripheral small cell carcinoma are available, small cell carcinoma originating from the peripheral lung parenchyma should be included in the differential diagnosis when peribronchial thickening is associated with the tumor.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ewing's sarcoma of the sacrum.

Radiological findings in a case of spinal Ewing' s sarcoma are reported. A lytic lesion with soft tissue component in the sacrum was identified. Ewing's sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis, especially when a child has a lytic lesion with soft tissue extension in the spine.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic effects of the occlusal destruction in guinea pigs.

Although there is an increasing amount of information pertaining to the systemic effects of malocclusion, its mechanisms still remain unclear in many ways. This study was conducted to find out the systemic effects of the occlusal destruction in guinea pigs. The animals showed an abnormality in posture and a reversal of the T wave in electrocardiogram (ECG) about 6 days after the grinding of all molar teeth. All the animals died about 7 days after the occlusal destruction. We established the optimal condition of occlusal destruction for the induction of the above symptoms in guinea pigs: at least 6 molars, both side premolar, 1st and 2nd molar of upper jaw, because of the ease for repair. The following results were obtained: 1. The experimental group died about 5 days earlier than the fasting group. 2. The animals could not hold their head positions and dropped the head to the earth. 3. The animals died about 12 hours after the onset of postural abnormality. 4. Ninety percent of the animals with postural abnormalities showed T wave inversion on ECG. 5. None of the above symptoms occurred with bite rising. These results indicate that occlusal destruction affects head position, preventing the animals to hold their head positions and causing the head to drop to the ground. Occlusal destruction may also cause abnormality of the masticatory muscles, which control posture and modulate cardiac function via the trigeminal system. This experimental model is suitable for the analysis of the systemic effects of occlusal destruction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion of prostaglandin E1 in the treatment of postoperative acute liver failure--report of a case.

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has received attention for its protective effects against various types of liver damage. However, it is known that approximately 70% of PGE1 is inactivated during a single passage through the lung. Therefore, direct infusion of PGE1 into the liver bloodstream is preferable to intravenous infusion. A 66-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis developed postoperative acute liver failure following posterior segmentectomy under hepatic total vascular exclusion exceeding 1 hour. Because his liver function did not recover in spite of plasma exchange starting on postoperative day 8 and intravenous infusion of PGE1, hepatic arterial continuous infusion of PGE1 at a rate of 0.01 microgram/kg/min was carried out for 7 days from postoperative day 17. Immediately after the start of the arterial infusion, the bile flow significantly increased compared to before the arterial infusion, and the serum total bilirubin level decreased thereafter and finally recovered from the hepatic failure. In addition to its highly efficient drug delivery, the hepatic arterial infusion of PGE1 seems to be more advantageous in oxygen delivery to the liver compared with intravenous infusion. In conclusion, the hepatic arterial infusion of PGE1 may be useful in the treatment of acute liver failure.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous measurement of effective hepatic blood flow and systemic circulation.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Because the disappearance rate of indocyanine green depends not only on hepatocyte function but also hepatic blood flow, the disappearance rate of indocyanine green is considered to be affected by the systemic circulation. Although the disappearance rate of indocyanine green is slower in cirrhotic patients, a hyperdynamic state is reported to be present. Purpose of this study was to evaluate hepatic function and systemic circulation simultaneously with reference to the hyperdynamic state of cirrhotic liver. METHODOLOGY: Forty-six patients were selected randomly for this study. Simultaneous measurement of effective hepatic blood flow and systemic circulation using an indocyanine green clearance meter was performed. We calculated the effective hepatic blood flow using the early disappearance rate of indocyanine green movement, cardiac output, and circulating time simultaneously with indocyanine green clearance meter. RESULTS: Hepatic function and hyperdynamic circulation could be evaluated quantitatively. The indocyanine green disappearance rate was dependent on cardiac index in normal subjects, whereas the indocyanine green disappearance rate was lower in cirrhotic patients, although the cardiac index was relatively high. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic function and systemic circulation could be evaluated simultaneously with this indocyanine green clearance meter. Hyperdynamic circulation was suggested to compensate the impaired hepatic function of cirrhotic liver. Simultaneous measurement of hepatic function and systemic circulation may be essential to studying liver function.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resection of liver metastasis after a pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer: a case report.

A case of resected liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer, in a 69-year-old woman who obtained a relatively long survival, is presented. Primary pancreatic cancer was found in a patient presenting with obstructive jaundice and a loss of appetite. A pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy was carried out on December 2, 1996. Eleven months later, a 1.5-cm mass was found in the right posterior segment of the liver. Although the tumor size had increased to 2.5 cm 5 months later, no other metastases were observed. Therefore, the right posterior segment of the liver was resected. Eleven months after the second operation, recurrence was found in the cut surface of the liver and the left caudate lobe. She died on May 1, 1999. This case demonstrated a relatively favorable prognosis in comparison to other common type of liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer. This study discusses the peculiarities of this case and emphasizes the necessity to carefully select the patients before attempting to resect the liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphology of adenocarcinoma in situ and microinvasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. A cytologic and ultrastructural study.

Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and microinvasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and normal endocervical columnar epithelium were studied by cytology, morphometry and electron microscopy to identify differentiating features and to ascertain the cellular origin of cervical adenocarcinoma. Smears from AIS showed the characteristic cytology, consisting of glandular rosettes, palisading and crowded sheets; most nuclei had a relatively uniform oval shape. Smears from microinvasive adenocarcinoma showed more crowded sheets, with enlarged, round and irregular-shaped nuclei and prominent oval nucleoli. These nuclear features were confirmed by the morphometric results. Ultrastructurally, reserve cells in the normal tissues contained tonofibers and secretory granules and showed squamous and adenomatous features. The ultrastructural features of microinvasive adenocarcinoma were similar to those of well-differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma. The cells from both contained tonofibers and secretory granules. These findings suggested that the reserve cell is the cell of origin for cervical adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The optimum Butterworth-Wiener filter for I-123 IMP brain SPECT.

The optimum Butterworth-Wiener filter (BWF) for the preprocessing of N-isopropyl-p-[I-123]-iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) SPECT was determined by a simulation experiment. Sixty-four images of the brain phantom containing 14.8 MBq of I-123 IMP were collected with a gamma camera equipped with a slant hole collimator during a 360-degree rotation. The images were processed with 27 BWFs of different shapes, followed by SPECT image reconstruction and visual comparison. The optimum BWF had a cutoff frequency of 0.25/pixel, FWHM of four pixels, and constant of 0.05. The image quality was greatly affected by the cutoff frequency of BWF used for preprocessing.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transmission and scanning electron microscopic study of the same cytologic material.

The same cytologic material was successively examined by light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After the SEM examination, the specimens were rehydrated for a long period of time to allow the penetration of Epon 812 into the cells. The TEM examination showed the cell organelles to be comparatively well preserved. These consecutively performed LM-SEM-TEM examinations provided useful information on cytologic subjects, especially concerning the origin of the cells.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modern trends in the management of aortic aneurysms. Review of 450 cases experienced.

Treatment of various aortic aneurysms in 450 cases experienced during the past 25 years was analysed. One hundred and five patients were treated with survival rate of 80.2% in the thoracic aortic aneurysm group, 65 patients with survival rate of 76.9% in the dissected aneurysm of the aorta group, 175 patients with survival rate of 93.1% in the nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm group and 37 patients with survival rate of 75.7% in the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm group. From 1981 to the present time, considerable improvement of the operative results has been achieved with refinement of cardiovascular adjunctive techniques and operative procedures with careful management of the patients. Survival rates are now reached to 88.7% in the thoracic aortic aneurysm, 81.0% in the dissected aneurysm, 100% in the nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and 81.2% in the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. From the careful analyses of the results, prompt diagnosis, distinct treatment policy, strict operative indication and better surgical procedure are considered to have contributed to these excellent operative results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on disposition and metabolism of tolmetin, a new anti-inflammatory agent, in rats and mice. I. Absorption, distribution, and excrection of [14C]tolmetin radioactivity.

[14C]Tolmetin was rapidly and almost completely absorbed in both rats and mice. The major portion of the drug was shown to be absorbed from the upper part of the duodenum, and a small portion from the stomach. Tissue levels of radioactivity comparable to blood levels were found only in liver and kidney, and other tissue levels were lower than those in blood, possibly because of the considerable plasma protein binding of the drug. Radioactivity disappeared from most tissues at rates similar to that from blood, and no appreciable radioactivity was found in rat and mouse tissues 24 hr after dosing. Correspondingly, radioactivity was excreted mostly in urine within this time period. Mouse fetuses contained significantly less radioactivity than did maternal tissues in autoradiography. No significant differences were found in absorption, distribution, and excretion of radioactivity when single or five consecutive daily doses of [14C]tolmetin were administered to rats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on disposition and metabolism of tolmetin, a new anti-inflammatory agent, in rats and mice. II. Urinary metabolites.

A new urinary metabolite of tolmetin was found in rat urine and identified as the hydroxymethyl metabolite (tolmetin-OH), an intermediate in the formation of the known carboxy metabolite (tolmetin-COOH). In rats of two strains, the following percentages of the urinary reactivity of [14Ia1tolmetin were found in 24 hr: unchanged tolmetin-COOH (58--60%), tolmetin-OH (18--24 %), and its conjugate 6--14%. Mouse urine contained the unchanged drug (about 20%), its conjugate and tolmetin-COOH (60%). Similarly to mouse urine, human urine contained negligible amounts of tolmetin-OH.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patch angioplasty of the superior vena caval obstruction (case reports with long follow-up results).

Four cases of the superior vena caval obstruction caused by mediastinal tumor and fibrous mediastinitis are presented. Palliation was achieved by resection of tumor or scar tissue and placing a Teflon or autogenous vein patch to the resected defect of the superior vena cava. One of the patients died of metastasis at 8 months postoperatively, but patency of the patch graft was confirmed. The other three are alive and well at 14, 14 and 11 years, respectively. Continued patency has been confirmed by venographies in two of them.

Adult↗