Significant effect of HLA-DRB1 typing by linkage disequilibrium on kidney graft outcome.
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Cadaver↗
Biomedical subjects
M Hashimoto
Publications and source records attributed to M Hashimoto.
Study of the effect of HLA class II antigens (serotyping and mixed lymphocyte reaction) on kidney graft outcome.
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Azathioprine↗
[Assessment of left ventricular contraction with LV Emax during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with open heart surgery].
There are few reports on the assessment of left ventricular contraction during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in open heart surgery. LV Emax is thought to be a load-independent index of left ventricular function. We used a left ventricular conductance catheter to measure LV Emax from "non-working beating heart" during CPB in 16 patients who underwent open heart surgery. During CPB, at 45 minutes after aortic declamping, changes of heart rate with atrial pacing (120/min) did not change LV Emax, but after intravenous dobutamine administration (DOB, 10 micrograms/kg/min) LV Emax increased by 26% (p < 0.01). DOB increased LV Emax in 14 of 16 patients during CPB. These 14 patients were weaned from CPB without difficulty. But in 2 other patients DOB didn't increase LV Emax during CPB. In order to be weaned from CPB, the two patients needed epinephrine and intraaortic balloon pumping. We concluded that change of LV Emax made by intravenous administration of dobutamine is one of useful indexes to assess left ventricular contractility during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
[Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization to hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer].
Response of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TAE) and transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy to hepatic metastases was reported in 25 cases of colorectal cancer. The severity of liver metastases was H1 in 12 cases, H2 in 9 cases, and H3 in 4 cases. Liver metastases were found during surgery in 12 of these patients, and 13 showed metastases or recurrence in the liver after resections of primary lesions. Catheters were inserted selectively to the proper hepatic artery by Seldinger's method, followed by injection of embolizing agents (gelfoam particles of Lipiodol) with adriamycin or 5-FU + leucovorin in most cases. Response was assessed by blood CEA levels, diagnostic imaging, and period of survival. In 5 cases in whom liver resections were performed following TAE, response was assessed by histopathological findings of the resected specimens. Two patients showed partial response (PR), 12 no change (NC) and 11 progressive disease (PD) by diagnostic imaging. Blood CEA levels fell to less than 50% of pre-treatment levels in 26% of cases. Histological changes by TAE were confirmed in 4 of 5 cases after liver resections, but viable cancer cells were observed in all cases. A case of mucinous cancer showed no change histologically. As the other case of mucinous cancer showed PD by diagnostic imaging, TAE was not suggested to be suitable to treat cases of mucinous cancer. More improvements in the dosage, drugs and times of treatment were suggested to yield a better response rate in TAE therapy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer.
Adult↗
[Surgical removal of lateral pontine cavernous angioma: review of the surgically treated cases in the literature].
A case of cavernous angioma of the pons which was surgically and successfully excised was reported. A 36 year-old man complained of progressive headache, double vision and tinnitus. Neurologic examination revealed left fifth, sixth and seventh cranial nerve palsies. He had left limb ataxia and right sided hemisensory deficit. A computed tomographic (CT) scan on admission disclosed a hematoma in the left lateral portion of the pons. Serial CT scans demonstrated progressive increase of hematoma. MRI scans revealed an area of mixed signal intensity in T1 weighted images. These findings were thought to be consistent with a cavernous angioma. Three months after the onset, surgery was performed using a lateral suboccipital approach. Histological examination disclosed cavernous angioma. After surgery, the patient's neurological deficits improved, and after 3 months, all symptoms except the mild limb ataxia had disappeared.
Brain↗
[Removal of a bronchial foreign body in a child using the laryngeal mask].
The laryngeal mask (LM) was employed for the removal of a bronchial foreign body (screw) in a 2-year-old boy weighing 16 kg since the 6.0 mm external diameter fiberoptic bronchoscope (FBS) for extraction forceps could not be used under tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane in 100% oxygen. After injection of fentanyl 25 micrograms and vecuronium 2 mg, a gastric tube and a size 2 LM were inserted. Throughout the extraction procedure by the FBS in the left main bronchus, the boy had one lung ventilated manually. The airway pressure was kept under 15 cmH2O to avoid gas leakage around the cuff and gastric inflation. Oxygen saturation of 100% with pulse oximetry and PETCO2 of 35 to 45 mmHg with capnometry were maintained. The foreign body was extracted by biopsy forceps. A Fogarty catheter was not effective because the balloon tip was broken by the screw. The LM does not prevent regurgitation and does not provide adequate ventilation under increased airway pressure, but it facilitates the use of a larger size FBS equipped with a variety of extraction forceps. Therefore, it seems to be a useful device for the removal of bronchial foreign bodies in children.
Bronchi↗
[The significance of body weight measurement of esophageal cancer patients in intra- and postoperative fluid administration].
We tried to clarify the intra- and postoperative pathological state in resected thoracic esophageal cancer patients and analyze the particularity of fluid administration by measuring body weight at certain time serially. We studied 26 resected thoracic esophageal cancer patients between September, 1989 and January, 1991 who underwent an operation through right thoracotomy prior to laparotomy at the same time, and all cases were under general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia. We measured body weight preoperatively, just after operation, on the first, second and third postoperative days by means of LIFTER (Ted Hoyer & Co. Inc), and also calculated water balance and measured pressures and cardiac output by Swan-Ganz catheter in 19 cases. As a result, change in body weight was remarkable in resected thoracic esophageal cancer patients intra- and postoperatively. The peak of weight gain was noticed and they gained about 3 kilograms in weight on the 1st postoperative day, while in circulation hypovolemia was found on the data by means of Swan-Ganz catheter. There was a high correlation between rate of change in weight (kg/hr) and water balance (ml/kg/hr) (r = 0.91). We calculated insensible loss by the difference between water balance and body weight. It was about 1.73 intraoperatively, 0 postoperatively, 0.35-0.5 ml/kg/hr on from the 1st through the 3rd postoperative day. It is concluded that body weight measurement is a very easy, precise and useful bedside technique in the intra- and postoperative fluid administration of esophageal cancer patients, because it is very important not only to understand the circulation volume but also to know the interstitial fluid change.
Body Weight↗
[Evaluation of the right ventricular function in postoperative esophageal cancer patients].
We evaluated the right ventricular function in pre- and post-operative esophageal cancer patients who had no complications after surgery by measurement of cardiopulmonary hemodynamics, right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI) using Swan-Ganz catheter and the thermodilution technique. The measurement of RVEF, RVEDVI and other cardiopulmonary hemodynamics were performed from the preoperative day to the 3rd postoperative day. The values of RVEF were stable about 40% from preoperative day to 3rd. RVEDVI was varied at 93.6 +/- 26.3 ml/m2 (preoperative day), 83.6 +/- 15.0 ml/m2 (after surgery), 70.2 +/- 10.6 mg/m2 (morning of the 1st POD), 95.6 +/- 19.4 ml/m2 (evening of the 1st POD), 103.2 +/- 17.9 m/lm2 (morning of the 2nd POD), 1108.3 +/- 14.2 ml/m2 (evening of the 2nd POD) and 112.4 +/- 31.0 ml/m2 (morning of the 3rd POD). The values of RVEDVI on the morning of the 1st POD were statistically lower than those at other times (p < 0.05). The values of RVEDVI were not correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary arteriolar resistance which were the afterload of the right ventricle. These data suggest that the right ventricular function of the patients who underwent esophagectomy with no complication does not change and that the changes of RVEDVI are influenced by the preload of the right ventricle.
Cardiac Output↗
[Effective danazol therapy for a patient with Evans syndrome].
Danazol administered to a 66-year-old man with Evans syndrome, which was refractory to prednisolone therapy and pulse therapy with methylprednisolone. Danazol therapy produced an excellent and sustained improvement, increasing platelet counts and Hb concentrations. Recently, danazol therapy has been reported to be of benefit to severe idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). And this case marked a favorable effect also on Evans syndrome, which has both characters as ITP and as AIHA. The aim of this paper is to suggest that the administration of danazol has a positive effect on Evans syndrome and probably on other various thrombocytopenic diseases and syndromes, especially on refractory cases.
Aged↗
Cloning and characterization of genes involved in the biosynthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid in Escherichia coli.
Several mutants of Escherichia coli that had lost their ability to synthesize delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) via the C5 pathway were isolated. Their defective loci were classified into two groups, AlaA- and AlaB-. The genes that complemented these mutations were cloned. Nucleotide sequencing indicated that the gene that complemented AlaA- was identical to hemL which is located at 4 min on the E. coli chromosome and encodes glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. The gene complementing AlaB- contained an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 207 amino acids that was found to be a new gene involved in the synthesis of ALA via the C5 pathway. Thus, we designated the gene hemM. The hemM gene was adjacent to hemA that is located at 27 min and previously thought to encode glutamyl-tRNA dehydrogenase. However, we found that hemA complemented both the AlaA- (hemL) and AlaB- (hemM) mutants defective in the C5 pathway although the transformants showed small colonies on the selective medium without ALA. These results suggest that hemA is not involved in the C5 pathway, but controls a second, minor pathway for the synthesis of ALA.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Clinical evaluation of lumbosacral nerve root and lateral stenosis using coronal MR imaging].
MR imaging is being used more frequently to study the lumbar spine and is becoming the modality of choice in the assessment of patient with low back pain. Using a new technique of coronal and half coronal scan with MR imaging, it was possible to visualize L4, L5 and S1 nerve roots accurately. We described the MR findings of lateral stenosis using this technique. Several characteristic MR findings were identified, and the most important one was nerve root impingement in the intervertebral foramen. We consider that coronal and half coronal scan with MR imaging is useful in diagnosis of lateral stenosis.
Adult↗
Induction of differentiation of the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60 by activin/EDF.
A human promyelocytic cell line, HL-60, treated with activin/EDF was found to differentiate into monocyte/macrophage-like cells. This was shown not only by morphology but by the loss of myeloperoxidase granules and the appearance of nonspecific esterase. Dose-dependent inhibition of the differentiation by follistatin, an activin-binding protein, confirmed that it was indeed caused by activin. Thus, activin/EDF exerts its effect on hematopoietic cells not only on erythroid differentiation but also on at least a part of myeloid cell differentiation.
Activins↗
[The effect of the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on the motor speech disorder in spinocerebellar degeneration].
A prospective study regarding the effect of TRH on the motor speech disorder of three patients with spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD), the first with hereditary cortical cerebellar atrophy, the second and third with sporadic olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy, was performed. The effect was analyzed by using speech evaluation, such as the auditory impression, the questionnaire of the consciousness for verbal communication, the phonetic evaluation and the acoustic analysis. The results of the analysis and the mechanism of the improvement of the motor speech disorder are discussed. Only the first patient showed a remarkable improvement subjectively. In addition, the improvement of phonation and articulation was demonstrated quantitatively in the evaluation of the first patient. On the other hand, by phonation analysis using VISI-PITCH, it was seen that there were a decrease in the perturbation of the voice pitch and an increase in voice range in all three patients. Therefore, it was concluded that the improvement of phonation plays a major role in the improvement of the motor speech disorder. Such improvement of the phonation seems to have resulted from the improvement of coordination, mainly due to the normalization of the muscle tone of the larynx by TRH administration. Although a remarkable beneficial effect of TRH may be obtained in exceptional patients of SCD, the mechanism of such an effect of TRH should be more extensively studied using the quantitative clinical evaluation of phonation and articulation.
Articulation Disorders↗
The effects of season and exercise on the levels of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipoprotein cholesterol in young rats.
Plasma concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:4(n - 6), 20:5(n - 3), 22:6(n - 3)) and high- or low-density lipoprotein cholesterols (HDL-C, LDL-C) in young rats were measured to elucidate a possible relationship between the levels of [20:5(n - 3)] [20:4(n - 6)]-1, [22:6(n - 3)] [20:4(n - 6)]-1 and [LDL-C] [HDL-C]-1. Seasonal change in [LDL-C] [HDL-C]-1 in the sedentary and exercised rats was found to correlate with the respective values of [20:5(n - 3)] [20:4(n - 6)]-1 and/or [22:6(n - 3)] [20:4(n - 6)]-1. Moderate exercise in summer decreased plasma arachidonic acid (20:4(n - 6)). With the decrement of the 20:4(n - 6) acid, the ratios of [20:5(n - 3)] [20:4(n - 6)]-1 and [22:6(n - 3)] [20:4(n - 6)]-1 increased to a greater degree. The [LDL-C] [HDL-C]-1 values in this case were inversely associated with the levels of [22:6(n - 3)] [20:4(n - 6)]-1. We therefore suggest that moderate physical training in summer protects arteries from thrombogenesis and lipid accumulation.
Animals↗
Assay of gamma-glutamyltransferase with amino acid dehydrogenases from Bacillus stearothermophilus as auxiliary enzymes.
A spectrophotometric assay for serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT, EC 2.3.2.2) based on the increasing absorbance at 340 nm due to NADH formation is described. Using gamma-glutamyl dipeptides as the donor substrate, amino acids formed by the gamma-glutamyl transfer from the donor substrate to the acceptor substrate glycylglycine are stoichiometrically converted by the corresponding amino acid dehydrogenases from Bacillus stearothermophilus to produce their keto acids and NADH. gamma-Glutamylalanine was found to be the most specific and sensitive donor substrate. The method can be mechanized, is free of interference and correlates well with conventional methods.
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
Follistatin is a developmentally regulated cytokine in neural differentiation.
Activin acts mitogenically on P19 cells as well as being inhibitory of the differentiation of retinoic acid-treated P19 cells and some neuroblastoma cell lines. Here, we show some lines of evidence that follistatin, an activin-binding protein, is also involved in neural differentiation. Counteracting the activity of activin, addition of follistatin suppresses the anchorage-independent growth of P19 cells in soft agar and stimulates neurite outgrowth of a neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32 cells. While activin does not seem to be expressed significantly, follistatin is demonstrated in the conditioned medium of these cells. Furthermore, the expression of follistatin in P19 cells is subject to dynamic fluctuations in response to retinoic acid treatment. These neural cells may produce follistatin in a cell stage-specific manner in order to interact with exogenously derived activin.
Activin Receptors↗
Functional regulation of osteoblastic cells by the interaction of activin-A with follistatin.
A high number of 125I-activin-A binding sites (an apparent Kd of 260 pM and 5,600 sites/cell) were observed on MC3T3-E1 cells, a well characterized osteoblastic cell line. Activin-A has a mitogenic effect on these cells, with the greatest influence being observed on cells in an undifferentiated state, as well as a suppressive effect on the alkaline phosphatase activity. Northern and ligand blotting analyses revealed that these osteoblastic cells produce follistatin, which was down-regulated by retinoic acid treatment. Because follistatin is an activin-A-binding protein, we suggest that activin-A modulates the function of osteoblastic cells by being regulated by follistatin during differentiation.
Activins↗
Antitumor effect of triphenylethylene derivative (TAT-59) against human breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice.
The antitumor activity of a newly synthesized triphenylethylene derivative [(E)-4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy-phenyl]-2-(4-isopropyl)phenyl-1- butenyl] phenyl monophosphate] (TAT-59) was investigated against human breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice with reference to the changes of hormone receptors. Five strains (MCF-7, Br-10, R-27, ZR-75-1, and T-61) used for the experiments possessed cytosol estrogen receptor (ER), and their growth was estradiol dependent. Five mg of TAT-59 and tamoxifen citrate (TAM) per kg were administered p.o. daily except Sunday. TAT-59 showed a positive antitumor effect against MCF-7 and R-27, whereas TAM was effective on MCF-7, and their adverse effects detected by mortality rate, body weight loss, and spleen weight loss were similar to each other. The reduction of ER and production of progesterone receptor (PgR) after the treatment with TAT-59 were more potent than after TAM, suggesting that TAT-59 exerts its antitumor effect through binding to ER. These findings suggest that TAT-59 might merit use in clinical trials with breast cancers.
Animals↗