Biomedical subjects

M Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Hashimoto.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Mucosal regeneration of gastric ulcer confirmed by electronic endoscopy.

We studied the detailed surface structure and changes in the regenerated mucosa during the course of healing of recurrent gastric ulcers treated with lansoprazole or famotidine, using a magnifying electronic endoscope (videoendoscope) and a dye contrast method. The detailed patterns of regenerated mucosa were classified into five types: membranous, spindle-shaped, palisade-shaped, cobblestone-shaped, and almost normal structure. Initially, the membranous regenerated mucosa appears at the ulcer margin and grows into the spindle- and palisade-shaped regenerated mucosa. These latter types of mucosa change gradually into the cobblestone-shaped type, which finally develops into an almost normal structure. Lansoprazole appeared to bring about more rapid growth and changes of the regenerated mucosa than famotidine, although the difference was not statistically significant. We suggest that it is useful, in the assessment of gastric ulcer therapy, to observe the detailed patterns of the regenerated mucosa during the healing process using a magnifying electronic endoscope.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗

PubMed1995

Effects of lansoprazole on mucosal regeneration in patients with gastric ulcers: evaluation using an electronic endoscope with a magnifying function.

When healing of gastric ulcers is observed using an electronic endoscope with a magnifying function, five types of regenerated mucosa can be distinguished. The membranous type appears first at the ulcer margin and is followed by the spindle-shaped and palisade-shaped regenerated mucosae that plays an important role in ulcer healing. These two types change into the cobblestone-shaped and the basically normal structure, which have an important relation to the maturity of ulcer healing. In observation of gastric ulcer healing in 10 patients who received lansoprazole 30 mg (L group) or in 12 patients who received famotidine 20 mg b.i.d. (F group), the spindle- and palisade-shaped mucosae were significantly more developed in the L group than in the F group after 4 weeks (p < 0.05). On the other hand, after 8 weeks, the development of these two types of mucosa was less extensive in the L group than in the F group, because these two types had changed into cobblestone-shaped and basically normal structure in the L group. In conclusion, treatment with lansoprazole resulted in more rapid ulcer healing and maturation of regenerated mucosa than did treatment with famotidine in this study.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗

PubMed1995

Sensitivity to two major allergens (Cry j I and Cry j II) in patients with Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis.

BACKGROUND: Japanese cedar (Cryptmeria japonica: CJ) pollinosis is one of the most important allergic diseases in Japan. Recently, the second major allergen (Cry j II) was isolated from CJ pollen. There have been no prevalence studies of sensitivity to Cry j I and Cry j II among a large number of patients with pollinosis. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of sensitivity to Cry j I and Cry j II. We measured specific IgE antibodies to these allergens in the sera of 145 patients. Furthermore, comparison of the sensitivity to Cry j I and Cry j II was examined by the histamine release assay. METHODS: Specific IgE antibodies to Cry j I and Cry j II were assayed by a fluorometric ELISA. Allergen-specific histamine release was measured by a radioimmunoassay kit. RESULTS: More than 90% of 145 patients had specific IgE antibodies to both allergens, the remainder had specific IgE to either one or the other. There were seasonal changes in the level of specific IgE. The changes in the levels of anti-Cry j II IgE antibodies were parallel to those of anti-Cry j I IgE. The histamine release assay with leucocytes from the patients demonstrated that the allergenic potency of the two allergens is almost the same. CONCLUSION: Cry j II is an as important a major allergen as Cry j I.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Contribution of P2-purinoceptors to neurogenic contraction of rat urinary bladder smooth muscle.

1. The contribution of P2-purinoceptors to neurogenic contraction was investigated in rat urinary bladder smooth muscle by measurement of isotonic tension. 2. Contraction of rat urinary bladder smooth muscle induced by electrical stimulation was decreased to 84.19 +/- 3.90% of the control (n = 16) in the presence of atropine (1 microM), which was further decreased to 38.80 +/- 2.75% of the control (n = 49) in the presence of both atropine and 10 microM alpha, beta-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate (alpha, beta-Me ATP). 3. The contractile response induced by electrical stimulation in the presence of atropine and alpha, beta-Me ATP was decreased to 27.81 +/- 4.07% (n = 23) and 26.63 +/- 5.01% (n = 15) of the control, by the addition of 100 microM cibacron blue 3GA and 100 microM suramin, respectively. The application of 100 microM adenosine 5'-o-2-thiodiphosphate (ADP beta S) in the presence of atropine and alpha, beta-Me ATP decreased the contractile response induced by electrical stimulations to 17.15 +/- 3.71% (n = 15) of the control. 4. Pretreatment of muscle strips with 100 microM ADP beta S significantly reduced the response to either 200 microM alpha, beta-methylene adenosine 5'-diphosphate or 200 microM ADP beta S. 5. Uridine 5'-triphosphate (100 microM to 1 mM) concentration-dependently contracted muscle strips, and this contraction was significantly antagonized by desensitization of P2-receptors with alpha, beta-Me ATP (10 microM), and completely antagonized by pretreatment of muscle strips with both alpha, beta-Me ATP and ADP beta S (100 microM). 6. Di(adenosine-5') tetraphosphate (30 and 100 microM) contracted muscle strips, whereas it failed to contract after desensitization of P2-receptors.7. It is suggested that about 20% of the neurogenic contraction of rat urinary bladder smooth muscle is mediated via ADP beta S-sensitive purinoceptors.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1995

Improved skin blood flow and cutaneous temperature in the foot of a patient with arteriosclerosis obliterans by vasopressin V1 antagonist (OPC21268). A case report.

A seventy-four-year-old woman with arteriosclerosis obliterans, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension was admitted for the treatment of intermittent claudication and coldness and pain in the right lower extremity. After the administration of a vasopressin V1 antagonist, OPC21268, the symptoms were markedly improved. Furthermore, blood flow in the dorsalis pedis artery and the cutaneous temperature in the right foot increased in response to acute and chronic administration of OPC21268. OPC21268 may be a new useful therapeutic tool for the treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Changes of hepatic microsomal oxidative drug metabolizing enzymes in chronic renal failure (CRF) rats by partial nephrectomy.

Male SD rats, 7-weeks-old, were used to investigate the changes in the hepatic drug metabolizing system of chronic renal failure (CRF) model rats. Partial nephrectomy (5/6) was performed in a two-stage surgical procedure. After nephrectomy, the rats were housed under regular conditions at least 21 days. After confirming the CRF states, trimethadione (TMO, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered for evaluation of the hepatic drug metabolizing capacity; the ratio of dimethadione (DMO: the only metabolite of TMO) to TMO (DMO/TMO) in the serum and the dialysate from the blood microdialysis method were ascertained. The hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme contents and activities were also determined. In the CRF rats, the DMO/TMO ratios decreased significantly; total cytochrome P450 (CYP) contents, aminopyrine N-demethylase activity and delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity also decreased significantly in the CRF rats. The extent of the alterations of these enzyme contents and activities correlated well with the severity of the CRF states evaluated by the serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations. With Western blot analysis, the levels of CYP2C6, CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 decreased considerably in the CRF rats. These results suggest that CRF states induce not only a reduction of renal function but also an alteration of hepatic metabolism.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Characterization of a mutation responsible for an alkali-sensitive mutant, 18224, of alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain C-125.

An alkali-sensitive mutant, 18224, of the alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain C-125 was characterized. The nucleotide sequence of the PvuI-NlaIV DNA fragment that recovers the alkaliphily of 18224 has been cloned from the mutant and sequenced. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the corresponding regions found a G to A substitution in the mutant. The mutation resulted in an amino acid substitution from 82Gly to Glu of the putative ORF3 product, which consisted a gene cluster of at least four tandemly located open reading frames. The ORF3 product was deduced to be an 112 amino acid polypeptide with hydrophobic properties, which was expressed using an in vitro translation system.

Alkalies↗

PubMed1995

Characteristic relation between dietary metabolizable energy content and digestible energy content in laboratory cats.

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between dietary nitrogen (N)-corrected metabolizable energy (MEn) and dietary digestible energy (DE) in cats, in order to verify the reliability of the present metabolizable energy (ME) system for cats. Four adult female cats were fed diets containing four different levels of crude protein (CP) (24, 35, 49, and 62% as fed) 4 hours a day in 4 x 4 Latin square design to determine energy- and N-balance. Dietary CP levels had hardly any effect on daily food intake, but acid-ether extract (AEE) intake tended to increase and carbohydrate (CHO) intake tended to decrease, in response to increases in dietary CP levels. Apparent CP and AEE digestibility did not change, regardless of the experimental diet. In contrast, CHO digestibility tended to diminish as dietary CP levels increased. Although the ratio of urinary energy (UE) to urinary N (UN) was higher in cats fed the lowest CP diet, it was still much lower than in other mammals. Regression between UE/digestible crude protein (DCP) and N-balance indicated that dietary ME at N-equilibrium (i.e., MEn) could be expressed as DE -0.47 x DCP. MEn could also be estimated as DE -0.62 x DCP by using the average ratio of UE/(UN x 6.25). Both DCP coefficients were much lower than in other mammals, including dogs and pigs, suggesting a unique form of N metabolism in cats. Because ME values applied to practical feline feed ingredients have been either estimated in pigs or calculated according to the equation, DE -1.25 x DCP, similar to the method used for dogs, the present ME values for cats are believed to have been underestimated.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Dietary protein levels affect water intake and urinary excretion of magnesium and phosphorus in laboratory cats.

The effects of dietary protein levels on food and water intake, and urinary excretion of magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) were examined in cats fed dry-type diets. Four adult female cats were used for trials in a 4 x 4 Latin square design, and fed diets with increasing protein content (25.9, 38.3, 51.4 or 65.2% in dry matter) daily from 9:00 to 13:00. While daily food intake was almost constant regardless of the dietary protein level, water intake and urine volume increased with increasing the dietary protein. Daily urinary excretion of P increased in response to the increase in dietary protein level. The urinary concentration of P was positively related to nitrogen (N)-intake. In contrast, daily urinary excretion of Mg was not affected by the dietary protein level, and the urinary concentration of Mg was negatively related to N intake. A dry-type diet with a high protein content might be effective in preventing the deposition of Mg salts in the urinary tract of cats under the meal-fed condition without affecting food intake because of both the lower concentration of urinary Mg resulting from the increase in urine volume and, probably, urinary acidification.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Effect of vasopressin V1- and V2-receptor stimulation on blood pressure in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.

We recently reported that stimulation of the arginine vasopressin (AVP) V1-receptor enhanced the pressor response in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In the present study, we investigated acute changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) after intravenous injections of AVP, OPC-21268 (a V1-receptor antagonist), and OPC-31260 (a V2-receptor antagonist), in anesthetized DOCA-salt hypertensive rats (DOCA) and age-matched sham-operated Wistar rats (control) to determine whether the pressor effect is specific to SHR or is present in other hypertensive animal models. SBP increased significantly in DOCA rats 9 min after injection of AVP 5 ng/kg without a concomitant increase in HR. Neither OPC-21268 3mg/kg nor OPC-31260 3mg/kg caused significant changes in SBP or HR. SBP tended to increase when AVP was administered after injection of OPC-31260. HR increased significantly 15 min after the combined treatment with OPC-31260 and AVP in DOCA rats compared with control rats. SBP did not change significantly when AVP was administered after injection of OPC-21268 in DOCA or control rats, but HR decreased significantly from 1 to 4 min after injection of AVP in DOCA rats. Our results suggest that V1-receptor stimulation does not enhance the pressor response in the DOCA rat, which is a model of volume-dependent hypertension, suggesting that the AVP system, especially V1-receptor, is not as important in the development or maintenance of hypertension in DOCA rats as in SHR.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Enhanced pressor response in spontaneously hypertensive rats induced by stimulation of vasopressin-V1 receptors.

To elucidate the effect of the arginine vasopressin (AVP) system in vivo, especially V1 and V2 activity, on blood pressure, we measured the acute changes in blood pressure and heart rate after AVP, OPC-21,268 (a V1 receptor antagonist), and OPC-31,260 (a V2 receptor antagonist) were injected intravenously in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats at the age of 15 weeks. Compared with the control period, single injection of AVP 5 ng/kg significantly increased systolic blood pressure in WKY rats without a concomitant increase in heart rate, but there was no significant increase in blood pressure in SHR. In contrast, single injection of either OPC-21,268 3 mg/kg or OPC-31,260 3 mg/kg did not affect blood pressure or heart rate in either SHR or WKY rats. Injection of AVP after the administration of OPC-31,260 induced a greater increase in blood pressure in SHR than in WKY rats, whereas injection of AVP after the administration of OPC-21,268 did not induce any clear increase in blood pressure in SHR or WKY rats. These results suggest that SHR have enhanced pressor activity mediated by V1 receptors and that this increase may be due to an increase in their number. In conclusion, enhancement of V1 activity may contribute to the development of high blood pressure in SHR.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of ganglion cells in the cat retina.

Ganglion cells, retrogradely labeled with DiI, were dissociated from the cat retina. Under the whole-cell clamp mode using a patch pipette, ACh induced a transient current (IACh) in all cells tested. The soma diameter of ACh-responsive cells distributed from 11 to 23 microns, indicating that the preparation included Y, X, and W cells. IACh was inward rectifying. The reversal potential of IACh was close to the zero-current potential predicted from the intra- and extracellular monovalent cation concentrations by the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. The concentration-response curve gave a Hill coefficient of 0.89 and an EC50 of 3.2 x 10(-5) M. Nicotine (10(-4) M) induced a transient current, while muscarine (10(-4) M) was ineffective. The nicotinic antagonist, hexamethonium, reduced the amplitude of IACh in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 1.3 x 10(-6) M. The muscarinic antagonist, atropine, showed a concentration-dependent reduction in the amplitude of IACh with an IC50 of 4.4 x 10(-6) M. The amplitude of IACh was dependent on the extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]O); small at low [Ca2+]O and large at high [CA2+]O. The time course of desensitization was also dependent on [Ca2+]O; fast at low [Ca2+]O and slow at high [Ca2+]O. The replacement of extracellular Ca2+ to Sr2+ increased the amplitude of IACh, but replacement to other divalent cations reduced it. The results indicate the presence of functional neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors in Y, X, and W cells.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1995

[Clinical studies on 14 cases of adult-onset Still's disease].

We here report fourteen patients diagnosed as adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) in our hospital. Seven patients were males (mean age at onset was 26.6 years), and seven were females (30.6 years). All of the cases had spiking fever ( > 39 degrees C) and joint symptoms. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy were noted in 50% of the patients, respectively. Skin eruption was seen in twelve patients (85.7%). Among them, nine patients (64.3%) exhibited typical rash. Pleuritis or pericarditis was seen in one case each. Only one patient revealed neurological disorder. Abdominal pain was present in 50% of the cases. The ratio of occurrence of secondary amyloidosis was 14.3%. Four patients (28.6%) were diagnosed to have the apophyseal narrowing at the cervical spine (C2-C3). Two patients (14.3%) accompanied by Sjögren's syndrome were women over 40 years of age. The levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor were significantly elevated in the sera obtained from seven patients with AOSD and four patients with juvenile-onset Still's disease, compared with normal controls. It seems to support the notion that immunopathologic processes via T cell activation play an important role in the pathogenesis of AOSD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Nocturnal pulmonary hypertension in an elderly patient with sleep apnea syndrome].

We report a case of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) with nocturnal pulmonary hypertension (NPH) in a 71-year-old man suffering from dyspnea during sleep. Severe snoring at night and daytime sleepiness were noticed before admission by his wife. Nocturnal oxygen desaturation (NOD) was documented with a pulse oximeter and severe sleep apnea syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of results of respiratory inductive plethysmography, an apnea index (AI) > 20, minimum SpO2 56%. NPH was diagnosed by Swan-Ganz catheter. The levels of NPH were severe. Elevation of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) above 40 mmHg was observed 137 episodes at night. Both NPH and NOD were improved by 1 L/min of nasal oxygen therapy. A number of episodes of systolic PAP above 40 mmHg with oxygen therapy was 55 episodes. Peak mean PAP was 36 mmHg in room air vs 33 mmHg in oxygen therapy. Minimum SpO2 with oxygen therapy was improved to 69%. Total time of SpO2 < 90% at night was 153 minutes in room air vs 37 minutes in oxygen therapy. In this case, NPH and NOD due to severe SAS were remarkably improved by oxygen therapy.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Analysis of tracheostomy for patients after thoracic esophageal cancer resection].

Tracheostomy is an available method for respiratory management, but a consensus has not been reached with regard to the significance of postoperative respiratory management. So, we analyzed postoperative tracheostomy patients of esophageal cancer and clarified its significance. We analyzed 26 patients from among 85 who underwent resection for thoracic esophageal cancer between April 1989 and December 1992. We divided them into 3 groups according to the indications of tracheostomy, group I: cases with postoperative pulmonary complications (n: 17), group II: cases of prophylaxis against pulmonary complications (n: 5) and group III: cases with dyspnea deriving from postoperative recurrent nerve palsy (n: 4). Tracheostomy was most often performed between 3 and 4 POD in group I, up to 1 POD in group II and from 5 POD to 7 POD in group III. Long-term respiratory support was needed in 13 cases in group I and 2 cases in group II. The rate of tracheostomy was higher in the case who had postoperative recurrent nerve palsy and received preoperative chemoradiotherapy. All cases excluding a case of MOF had a good clinical course after tracheostomy. We were able to clarify the significance of tracheostomy by dividing tracheostomy patients into 3 groups according to the indications for the procedure. It was concluded that tracheostomy is a very useful technique in the respiratory management of resected thoracic esophageal cancer patients.

Dyspnea↗

PubMed1995

[Assessment for intelligence on patients with Pick's disease].

In contrast to Alzheimer's disease, it is unclear whether the MMS (Mini-Mental State) or the RCPM (Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices) is clinically useful as a mental test battery in patients with Pick's disease, and it has not been fully evaluated whether intelligence of these patients really deteriorate along with the staging of dementia. The present study aimed to make these problems clear. We administered the MMS and the RCPM to 17 cases of Pick's disease, including 7 cases with predominantly frontal lobe atrophy and 10 cases with predominantly temporal lobe atrophy, which were all classified into 3 groups according to the staging of dementia by using the NM scale (New Clinical Scale for Rating of Mental States). We also investigated whether these patients had "Denkfaulheit" (laziness of thinking) and/or "gogi" aphasia (word meaning aphasia), which may affect performances on the mental test batteries. Two cases with predominantly frontal lobe atrophy and 5 cases with predominantly temporal lobe atrophy were assessed by the same examinations several years later. In cases with predominantly frontal lobe atrophy, all the patients presented with "Denkfaulheit". However, the mean RCPM score was normal in the mildly damaged patients, suggesting that their intelligence were relatively preserved. In the moderately and severely damaged groups, their intelligence could not be assessed owing to their severe "Denkfaulheit". In cases with predominantly temporal lobe atrophy, all the patients had "gogi" aphasia and 3 cases of the severely damaged groups presented with "Denkfaulheit".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Comparison between anomia with word comprehension difficulty and Gogi aphasia due to lobar atrophy].

We used naming and pointing tests and a proverb completion task to compare two cases of aphasia that exhibited a selective disturbance of word processing. One patient had anomia with word comprehension difficulty due to partial ablation of the left temporal lobe and the other patient had Gogi aphasia due to lobar atrophy with left temporal predominance. We presented 90 pictures of common objects divided into 9 categories in the naming and pointing tests, and used 10 well-known Japanese proverbs as stimuli in the proverb completion task. Performance of the naming and pointing tests was severely impaired in both patients. In the patient with anomia, words the patient could not name or point to varied from session to session and phonemic cue effects were frequently observed. The proverb completion phenomenon was positive. These findings indicate that the patient had an obstruction of the access route to the intact word store or a partial rarefaction of the word store itself. In the patient with Gogi aphasia, the words the patient could not name or point to were consistent from one occasion to another, and no phonemic cue effects or signs of familiarity were observed at all. The proverb completion phenomenon was totally negative. These findings indicate that the patient has lost the word store itself. MR images in the case of anomia revealed a lesion extending from the anterior to the central portion of the inferior part of the left temporal lobe. In the case of Gogi aphasia, the MR images displayed knife-edged focal atrophy in the anterior aspect of both temporal lobes, more prominently on the left.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Resection of the posterior mediastinal gastric tube used in reconstruction after radical surgery for esophageal cancer--case reports].

Two patients are presented who underwent resection of a gastric tube placed in the posterior mediastinum during reconstruction following radical esophageal resection for esophageal cancer. The indications for gastric tube resection were bleeding from a peptic ulcer in one and gastric cancer in the other. Case 1: A 72-year-old man, who had undergone a thoracic esophagectomy 3.5 years prior to admission, presented with a chief complaint of hematemesis. The gastric tube was resected and replaced with an antethoracic, pedicled segment of left colon. Pathologic examination of the resected gastric tube revealed a penetrating peptic ulcer. Case 2: A 65-year-old man with esophageal cancer and early gastric cancer underwent thoracic esophagectomy with combined resection of the fundus and lesser curvature of the stomach. One year later, he was found to have a new early gastric cancer in the antrum. The distal portion of the gastric tube was resected and replaced with a pedicled jejunal graft. Of the 526 patients with esophageal cancer treated in our department from 1972 to 1993, peptic ulcers were evident in the gastric tube used to reconstruct the esophagus in only seven cases. The stomach was resected in only one of these patients. Similar patients requiring gastric tube resection have been reported. All six of these cases are reviewed. Cancer of the gastric tube developed in 3 of the 526 patients. Although 74 cases of gastric tube cancer have been reported in the Japanese literature, the patient presented here (case 2) is the first to undergo successful resection of the stomach from the posterior mediastinal position.

Aged↗