Biomedical subjects

M Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Hashimoto.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Radiographic features of an aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbit.

Aneurysmal bone cyst is an unusual benign solitary lesion of bone occurring rarely in the orbit. In this report, we present computed tomography and magnetic resonance images of an orbital aneurysmal bone cyst involving the frontal bone in a 16-month-old boy. The aneurysmal bone cyst exhibited bone destruction, new bone formation of the orbital roof and fluid-fluid levels in the lesion following hemorrhage. These radiographic features may be useful for diagnosing orbital aneurysmal bone cysts.

Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal↗

PubMed1998

Transcultural study of schizophrenic delusions. Tokyo versus Vienna and Tübingen (Germany).

Schizophrenic delusions of 324 inpatients in Tokyo, 101 in Vienna, and 150 in Tübingen (Germany) were compared according to the same classifications. Among the three areas, about 80% of the patients had equally 'negative' delusions (injury and/or belittlement), and about one-fourth had 'positive' delusions of grandeur. Transcultural influences were found in the detailed contents of the 'negative' delusions; specific and direct themes of persecutory delusion, i.e., delusions of poisoning, and religious themes of guilt/sin were conspicuous in Europe, while amorphous delusions of reference such as 'being slandered' were predominant in Japan. The latter may derive from the group-oriented self in Japanese 'shame culture'.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

A syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone associated with pleuritis caused by OK-432.

We here report a case presenting with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) after having been treated for pleurodesis with OK-432, which is a lyophilized preparation of an attenuated strain of Streptococcus pyogenes. The patient, who had undergone a subtotal esophagectomy 4 years previously, was referred to our department after the diagnosis of a metastatic lung tumor. A right lower lobectomy of the lung was performed, and prolonged air leakage from a pulmonary fistula thereafter developed because of the dissection of severe pleural adhesion. OK-432 (5 klinische einheiten) was administered to the pleural cavity 3 times. On the 13th postoperative day, the patient began to complain of general fatigue and nausea. SIADH was diagnosed based on laboratory findings such as hyponatremia, serum hypo-osmolality and a high excretion of sodium in the urine. A restriction of the fluid intake with a sodium supplement resulted in the return to a normal serum level within 2 weeks. We therefore concluded that the intrapleural instillation of OK-432 had apparently caused SIADH in this case, because no other causes could be found.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1998

Frontal lobe hypometabolism and depression in Alzheimer's disease.

Depression is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinicoanatomic studies in focal brain injuries and functional imaging studies both in primary depression and in depression secondary to neurologic diseases have demonstrated involvement of the frontal lobe. Frontal involvement has not been established in the depression of AD. We studied the correlation between focal brain metabolic abnormalities and depression in AD. In 53 patients with probable AD of minimal to moderate disability, we assessed the severity of depression using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and correlated the depression score with regional cerebral glucose metabolism determined by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and PET. Depression was present in 19 patients (36%). The depression score correlated significantly with normalized glucose metabolic rates in the bilateral superior frontal and left anterior cingulate cortices. These results indicated an association between depression and decreased activity in the frontal lobe in AD and support frontal involvement, especially in the left side, in depression, irrespective of disease etiology.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To delineate the features of regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). METHODS: We compared absolute CMRglc in 12 patients with a clinical diagnosis of DLB, 12 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 12 normal volunteers (NC), using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and PET. The three groups were matched for age and sex, and there were no differences in disease duration or severity of cognitive disturbances between the DLB and AD groups. RESULTS: CMRglc was significantly lower in patients with DLB than in that of NC in most parts of the brain, except the sensorimotor cortices, basal ganglia, thalamus, and pons. Between the DLB and AD groups, there were significant regional CMRglc differences in the medial and lateral occipital lobes. In DLB and AD, the CMRglc reduction patterns were similar, though the global metabolic reduction was larger in DLB, and the occipital CMRglc reduction in DLB could differentiate DLB from AD. The relative occipital CMRglc (normalized to the sensorimotor CMRglc) was a useful measure for the differential diagnosis of DLB from AD. The sensitivity and the specificity were 92% when using the minimal value of the normalized occipital CMRglc in the NC group as the cut-off point. CONCLUSION: These different regional CMRglc reductions substantiate the pathologic, neurochemical, and clinical differences between DLB and AD.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Medial temporal and whole-brain atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies: a volumetric MRI study.

OBJECTIVE: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is emerging as a common cause of degenerative dementia. A recent pathologic study has indicated that the medial temporal lobe in patients with DLB was less atrophic than that in patients with AD. The purpose of this study was to examine whether medial temporal MRI volumetry was useful to differentiate DLB from AD clinically. METHODS: We compared the volumes of the hippocampal formation, amygdaloid complex, and whole brain in 27 patients with probable DLB (based on the criteria of the Consortium on DLB International Workshop), 27 patients with probable AD (based on criteria of the National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association), and 27 normal elderly subjects using an MRI-based volumetric technique. The three groups were matched for age and sex. Severity of cognitive disturbances represented by their Mini-Mental State Examination score was comparable between the DLB and AD groups. RESULTS: Hippocampal volume (normalized to intracranial volume) in the DLB group was significantly larger than that in the AD group, but significantly smaller than that in the normal control group. There were no significant differences in the amygdala and whole-brain volume between the DLB group and the AD group, but the atrophies of the amygdala and whole brain were more severe in the DLB group than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate the usefulness of MRI hippocampal volumetry in clinically discriminating patients with DLB from patients with AD.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

(1-Benzylindole-3-yl)alkanoic acids; novel nonsteroidal inhibitors of steroid 5 alpha-reductase (I).

A novel series of indole-3-alkanoic acids with varied N-benzyl substituents were synthesized as nonsteroidal inhibitors of steroid 5 alpha-reductase. The structure-activity relationships in this series were studied and the optimum carboxylic acid side chain was butyric acid. Furthermore, compounds with a diaryl substituent at the 1-position of the indole ring displayed strong inhibitory activities in vitro. Amongst these derivatives, 4-[1-(6,6-dimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-3-yl)methylindol-3-yl]b uty ric acid (FR119680) displayed very high inhibitory activity in vitro against rat prostatic 5 alpha-reductase (IC50 = 5.0 nM) and good in vivo activity in the castrated young rat model.

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors↗

PubMed1998

[Anti-migraine effects of lomerizine].

Lomerizine, a novel Ca2+ channel blocker, is under development as an anti-migraine drug. We examined the effects on spreading depression (SD) induced by a brief period of hypoxia (40 to 60 sec) in rat hippocampal slices, the cortical hypoperfusion and cortical c-Fos-like immunoreactivity that follow KCl-induced SD in anesthetized rats as compared with those of flunarizine. Extracellular recording was made from the CA1 subfield. The latency of initiated SD was examined. Lomerizine (1 and 10 nM) and flunarizine (1 microM) significantly prolonged the latency in a concentration-dependent manner. After KCl application to the cortex, cerebral blood flow monitored by the laser Doppler flowmetry was approximately 20 to 30% below baseline for at least 60 min. Lomerizine (0.3 and 1 mg/kg, i.v.) and flunarizine (1 and 3 mg/kg, i.v.) administered 5 min before KCl application inhibited the cortical hypoperfusion that followed KCl application. c-Fos-like immunoreactivity, an indicator of neuronal activation, was detected in the ipsilateral, but not in the contralateral frontoparietal cortex 2 hr after KCl application. Lomerizine (3-30 mg/kg, p.o.) and flunarizine (30 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly attenuated the expression of c-Fos-like immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral frontoparietal cortex. Lomerizine was 3 to 1000 times more potent than flunarizine in the above SD models. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of lomerizine and flunarizine on the interval between the initiated and subsequent spontaneous SDs, the cortical hypoperfusion and expression of c-Fos-like immunoreactivity induced by SD are mediated via the effects of Ca2+ entry blockade, which may include an increase in cerebral blood flow and the prevention of excessive Ca2+ influx into brain cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Stress and brain angiotensin II receptors.

Angiotensin II (ANG II) has been recognized recently as one of the stress hormones that participate in various stress-induced responses, including sympathetic (pressor, tachycardiac, and hyperthermic) and neuroendocrine responses. Brain ANG II receptors have been identified in many brain regions involved in the stress responses. During stress-exposure, ANG II increases in the plasma and in the brain. Central administration of ANG II induces stress responses, whereas central blockade of ANG II receptors results in the inhibition of the sympathetic and neuroendocrine responses to stress. All these findings indicate that ANG II and its receptors contribute to the development of various sympathetic and neuroendocrine responses during stress exposure. This review focuses on the role of brain ANG II receptors in the stress-induced responses.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗

PubMed1998

Giant hepatic biloma following transcatheter oily chemoembolization in a patient with hepatic metastases from malignant pheochromocytoma.

A 48-year-old woman developed hepatic metastases from malignant pheochromocytoma resected 8 years previously. Angiography revealed multiple tumor stains in the liver. Transcatheter oily chemoembolization using styrenomaleic acid neocarzinostatin and iodized oil was performed. The patient complained of severe right upper quadrant pain immediately following the transcatheter oily chemoembolization. Necrotizing cholecystitis developed on the 4th day post-transcatheter oily chemoembolization, hepatic infarction on the 12th day, and a biloma on the 19th day. Despite the administration of antibiotics and percutaneous transhepatic drainage, neither the volume of drainage nor the size of the biloma decreased. Biliary reconstruction was performed using a metallic stent, which decreased the size of the biloma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMed1998

Collateral flow detected by a Doppler guide wire in a case of vasospastic angina.

We could detect recruitable backward collateral flow in systole and diastole by using a Doppler guide wire during coronary artery spasm in a 42-year-old female among 20 patients with documented variant angina. The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed no ST-segment deviation, although she had chest pain and her coronary angiography showed a totally occluded right coronary artery. After administration of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) the collateral flow disappeared and the flow pattern recovered to normal. The good collateral flow pattern in patient with totally occluded coronary artery due to spasm was indicated to relieve myocardial ischemia, even when the patient felt chest pain.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Angiodysplasia of the stomach confirmed by endoscopy and selective angiography--report of a case.

Gastric angiodysplasia that caused continuous gastrointestinal bleeding is reported in a 75-year-old woman who had been treated with repeated blood transfusions because of severe anemia. Endoscopic examination was performed and revealed a bright-red lesion on the anterior wall of the upper gastric body. Injection therapy was performed at first, but the follow-up endoscopy showed a recurrent red lesion in same place. Selective angiography revealed a dense stain suggestive of a hypervascular lesion, measuring about 1 cm in diameter. Partial gastrectomy including resection of the lesion was performed. During a follow-up period of more than 12 months, there was no sign of recurrence of bleeding.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

A case of giant leiomyosarcoma of the rectum.

A 63 year-old-man was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of dyschezia. Digital examination revealed a large solid mass on the posterior wall of the rectum. Endoscopically, the tumor was covered by an intact mucosal layer. Under the diagnosis of rectal leiomyosarcoma, abdominoperineal resection of the rectum was performed. The tumor was 10 x 9 x 8 cm in size, and its cross section showed a gray-white tumor with central necrosis. Microscopically, the large tumor of the rectum was mainly located in the proper muscle layer and adventitia, and showed cellular proliferation of spindle-shaped and mild pleomorphic stromal cells, arranged in interlacing fashion, and focal necrosis. The histologic findings support the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum is a relatively uncommon disease. We report our case with reference to the literature.

Humans↗

PubMed1998

Pseudomyxoma peritonei. A report of three cases and a review of published reports.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a disease characterized by the progressive accumulation of mucinous ascites within the abdomen and pelvis. Metastatic disease outside the peritoneal cavity is unusual. Gastrointestinal function is lost from external compression of stomach, small bowel, and large bowel. We present three cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei which were treated by different therapeutic methods. Case 1 was a 61-year-old man who underwent treatment by appendectomy with administration of Cisplatin and Doxorubicin hydrochloride into the intraperitoneal cavity. Case 2 was a 64-year-old woman who underwent bilateral oophorectomy with administration of Cisplatin and ADM into the intraperitoneal cavity. About 4 years after the first operation, she died of peritonitis due to small and large bowel perforations underlying recurrent tumors. Case 3 was a 79-year-old woman who underwent surgery to evacuate about 4000 ml of mucinous ascites, and received intraperitoneal administration of 5-Fluorouracil (500 mg/day) for 5 days without severe complications.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMed1998

A case of gastric cancer with nephrotic syndrome.

A 77-year-old woman complaining of anorexia and nausea was referred to the hospital with a diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer. The patient also had congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation and severe hypoproteinemia. Proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and other laboratory data suggested that she had nephrotic syndrome. Total protein level was 4.6 g/dl and albumin level was 1.6 g/dl. In order to avoid postoperative complications such as wound dehiscence, anastomotic leakage and so on, careful pre- and post-operative management of nephrotic syndrome is necessary. Administration of albumin and fresh frozen plasma regimen was continued after the operation. Urinary protein level started to decrease after subtotal gastrectomy. Histological examination revealed moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with nodal metastases. Her post-operative course was uneventful. Although the signs and symptoms of nephrotic syndrome did not improve immediately, twelve months after operation she has become well and has no symptoms of ascites and hypoproteinemia.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Nonfunctioning islet cell carcinoma--a twenty-one years survival case after distal pancreatectomy.

A case of nonfunctioning islet cell carcinoma was reported. A 40-year-old woman was admitted with epigastralgia. Abdominal angiography and other diagnostic modalities suggested pancreatic malignancy. After distal pancreatectomy, histopathological study revealed her pancreatic tumor to be a nonfunctioning islet cell carcinoma. Fourteen years later, postoperative computed tomographic examination (CT) detected the recurrence of para-aortic lymph node metastases. Five years later, distal gastrectomy was performed to control bleeding from a gastric ulcer. Twenty-one years after the original operation, she died because of underlying metastatic carcinoma. In this case, slow growth and a low grade malignancy were characteristic. Operative removal of the tumor would be the treatment of choice even if metastatic lesions existed.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗

PubMed1998

Effects of sex steroids on silver stained proteins of nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NOR) in the rabbit uterus.

Silver staining of argyrophilic proteins of nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NOR) has been used to evaluate a hyperactive state of cells. We studied the effects of sex steroids on the Ag-NOR proteins in the rabbit uterus. Estradiol-17beta (E2) caused uterine hypertrophy and increased the number of Ag-NOR dots in epithelial and stromal cells of the endometrium and smooth muscles cells in a dose dependent manner without proliferative change in the endometrium. Progestins including progesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), and norethindrone following E2 caused progestational proliferation of the endometrium with an increase in the Ag-NOR number to various extents, whereas methyltestosterone, a synthetic androgen, caused only a minimal proliferative change in the endometrium without an increase in the Ag-NOR number. Western blot analysis revealed that progesterone and MPA increased the amounts of a 100 kDa protein (nucleolin) and a 37 kDa protein (B23 protein) in the endometium and a marked proliferative change, whereas E2 did not. These results suggest that although the Ag-NOR number was enhanced by both progestin and estrogen, only progestins substantially increase the Ag-NOR protein in the rabbit uterus. This implies that an increase in the amount of nucleolin and B23 protein is associated with the proliferative potential of the cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Anatomical study of the maxillary tuberosity in Japanese men.

The placement of dental implants in the molar region of the maxilla is often difficult because of the presence of the maxillary sinus. It has recently been postulated that the pillar of bone consisting of the maxillary tuberosity, the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, and the pyramidal process of the palatine bone, which is located at the posterior part of the maxilla, is suitable for fixing implants in the maxilla. In this study, we morphometrically examined the figure of the pillar of bone in dentate and edentulous maxillary bone specimens. The posterior part of the maxilla, including the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and pyramidal process of the palatine bone was embedded in polyester resin. Serial transverse sections 500 microns thick were prepared, and soft X-ray photographs were taken. Three-dimensional images of the pillar of bone were reconstructed from the contour in the soft X-ray images, and the height inclination angles, and volume of the pillar were measured. In dentulous specimens, the imaginary approximation line of the center of the gravity of the pillar of bone in the posterior part of the maxilla was inclined antero-posteriorly at an angle of 76.5 +/- 3.0 degrees from the anterior to posterior direction against the Frankfurt horizontal plane and bucco-palatally at 17.2 +/- 2.7 degrees to the medial direction against the sagittal plane. In edentulous specimens, the pillar of bone was inclined antero-posteriorly at 67.3 +/- 5.0 degrees against the Frankfurt horizontal plane and bucco-palatally at 14.1 +/- 2.1 degrees against the sagittal plane. The volume of the pillar of bone was greater in edentulous specimens than those in the dentulous specimens. The present results will enable setting up a standard for implant surgery dentulous specimens.

Alveolar Process↗