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Biomedical subjects

M Hasan

Publications and source records attributed to M Hasan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections in Kao District, north Halmahera, Indonesia.

A parasitological survey was conducted on the inhabitants of six villages of Kao District, Halmahera Island, North Maluku, Indonesia, in July 1993. A total of 422 fecal samples were examined by using Kato-Katz thick smear, modified Harada-Mori culture and formalin ether concentration techniques. Seven nematode species, ie Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides stercoralis, Enterobius vermicularis and unidentified rhabditoids of free-living nature, were detected. Trematode and cestode infection was not proven. Necator americanus was the predominant species of hookworm. Soil-transmitted nematode infections were highly prevalent. Among the young inhabitants aged less than 15, positive rates of Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm infections were 32.7, 52.7 and 68.6%, respectively. Among the people aged 15 or more, the positive rate for hookworm (85.9%) was much higher than that for Ascaris and Trichuris (13.5 and 40.5%, respectively). Egg count revealed that more than 90% of inhabitants with Trichuris or hookworm had light infections. The latrines in the surveyed area seemed to have only limited effects on the improvement of the parasitological status because the prevalence of Trichuris infections was much higher in a village where most houses were provided with latrines. These conflicting conditions were considered to have been caused by many factors including the inadequate structure of the latrines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Sucralfate in the prevention of duodenal ulcer relapse and factors influencing the relapse rate.

Forty three subjects with DU confirmed at endoscopy and healed after eight weeks of sucralfate therapy were subjected to a randomized double-blind controlled trial for six months. Twenty one subjects received sucralfate (1 g one hour before breakfast and dinner). Twenty two subjects received placebo. Symptoms were evaluated every month. The subjects were endoscoped at the end of the trial or earlier in case symptoms recurred. Sucralfate was found to be significantly more effective than placebo (6/21 vs. 17/22, p < 0.005) in preventing DU relapse. Age at presentation, age at onset, duration of illness, sex, periodicity, smoking, gastric stasis like symptoms, associated irritable bowel syndrome, degree of deformity of the bulb and initial presence of duodenitis were the factors examined for their effect upon the relapse. In the placebo group relapsers had significantly shorter mean duration of illness indicating that DU may relapse more frequently in earlier part of its natural course. Other factors did not influence the relapse rate. In the sucralfate group, higher ages at onset and at presentation were associated with significantly higher relapse rate. Sucralfate may be less effective in preventing relapse in elderly and late onset DU patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cerebral malaria in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta): observations on host pathology.

Infection was induced in five rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by intravenous inoculation with a virulent strain of Plasmodium knowlesi. Approximately one week after inoculation, four of the exposed animals developed acute malaria and died or were killed when moribund after varying periods of illness. Post-mortem and light microscopical examination showed marked cerebral vascular congestion and widespread plugging of the brain capillaries and venules (microvessels) by heavily parasitized erythrocytes mixed with uninfected erythrocytes. Electronmicroscopically, the major changes seen were adherence of large numbers of parasitized erythrocytes and macrophages to swollen microvascular endothelial cells; increased numbers of fibroblasts and deposition of collagen bundles in the extracellular matrix around damaged and parasite-packed microvessels were also found in many areas. This animal model may prove useful for further investigation of the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The comparative effects of propofol, thiopental, and diazepam, administered intravenously, on pentylenetetrazol seizure threshold in the rabbit.

The anticonvulsant effects of propofol, thiopental, and diazepam, administered intravenously, on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure threshold were studied and compared in the rabbit. The PTZ seizure threshold determined in various rabbit groups during the control phase of conducted experiments, was found to be in the range of 10.1 +/- 2.0 to 13.5 +/- 3.7 mg/kg. Intravenous administration of comparable doses of propofol, thiopental, and diazepam resulted in marked and significant increases in PTZ seizure threshold. At all administered doses (1.25-10.0 mg/kg), propofol was found to be more effective than thiopental in increasing the PTZ threshold dose. However, the anticonvulsant effects of diazepam were more marked than those of propofol, except at a dose of 10 mg/kg where both agents exhibited equipotent activities. These data demonstrate that propofol enjoys a considerable degree of anticonvulsant activity in the rabbit. This anticonvulsant action is greater than that of thiopental at doses ranging from 2.5 to 10 mg/kg and equipotent with diazepam at the 10 mg/kg dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Purification of an indole alkaloid biosynthetic enzyme, strictosidine synthase, from a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli.

The gene for the indole alkaloid biosynthetic enzyme, strictosidine synthase, of Catharanthus roseus has been cloned into an inducible Escherichia coli expression vector using an expression cassette polymerase chain reaction technique. Induction of the gene resulted in overexpression of the enzyme which accumulated mainly as insoluble inclusion bodies. Denaturation and refolding of the insoluble protein resulted in the ability to purify up to 6 mg of active enzyme from a single liter of cell culture. The recombinant enzyme has good activity (approximately 30 nkat/mg).

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1992

Nitrogen dioxide induced changes in level of free fatty acids, triglyceride, esterified fatty acid, ganglioside and lipase activity in the guinea pig brain.

The biochemical response to controlled inhalation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was studied in 18 male guinea pigs. Animals were exposed to 2.5, 5.0, and 10 ppm NO2 for 2h daily for 35 consecutive days, and the results compared with six control animals exposed to filtered air for 2h daily for same period. Five biochemical parameters, including triglyceride, free fatty acids, esterified fatty acid, ganglioside and lipase activity were measured immediately after the last day of exposure. At 2.5 ppm NO2 inhalation no significant changes occurred in any region of the central nervous system (CNS). While as the dose concentration was increased to 5 and 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide, significant dose-related alteration were observed in the levels of triglyceride, free fatty acid, esterified fatty acid, ganglioside and lipase activity in the different regions of the guinea pig CNS.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

Factors influencing development of bulbar deformity in duodenal ulcer disease.

Sixty subjects were carefully interrogated and repeatedly endoscoped with a view to studying the effect of sucralfate on healing and recurrence of duodenal ulcer disease. Degree of bulbar deformity was noted during each endoscopy. During the trial it appeared that deformity progressed more rapidly in late onset subjects (onset at or above 30 years of age). In eight subjects deformity became gross over a period of three years. Seven of them belonged to the late onset subgroup. Two subject had large ulcers and both belonged to the late onset subgroup, one had rapidly progressive disease. Out of six subjects with multiple ulcers four belonged to the late onset subgroup, two of the later had rapidly progressive disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Acetylhomocysteine thiolactone protection against phosphamidon-induced alteration of regional superoxide dismutase activity in the central nervous system and its correlation with altered lipid peroxidation.

Phosphamidon intoxication (2 mg/kg body wt./day for 7 days) inhibited SOD activity, but enhanced the lipid peroxidation in various CNS regions. Administration of cithiolone (8 mg/kg body wt./day, ip for 7 days), however, elevated SOD activity and depleted lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, no significant change was observed either in SOD activity or in lipid peroxidation following simultaneous administration of phosphamidon and cithiolone.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Leucasin, a triterpene saponin from Leucas nutans.

A new saponin, leucasin, has been isolated from Leucas nutans and characterized on the basis of chemical investigation and spectroscopic studies as 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----2)beta-D-glucopyranosyl]2 alpha, 3 beta-dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene. Lupeol palmitate, sitosterol and stigmasterol were also isolated.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of the anticonvulsant effects of propofol and thiopentone against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in the rat.

1. The anticonvulsant effects of subanaesthetic doses of propofol and thiopentone against PTZ-induced seizures and mortality were examined in the rat. 2. Administration of propofol (50 mg/kg, i.p.) 5 min prior to PTZ treatment increased the 2 h CD50 and the 24 h LD50 of PTZ by 3.4-fold, whereas thiopentone pretreatment (20 mg/kg, i.p.) increased these values by more than five-fold. 3. Both propofol and thiopentone prolonged the latency to the onset of clonic seizure but the effects of the former were more marked. 4. The data demonstrate that propofol was more effective than thiopentone in providing complete protection against PTZ-induced seizures for the first 30-40 min of observation and that thiopentone, because of its sustained effects, was more effective in reducing the cumulative incidence of seizures and mortality over 2 and 24 h, respectively. 5. We conclude that propofol is a very effective anticonvulsant and provides complete protection of short duration against PTZ-induced seizures in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of nitrogen dioxide on sulfhydryl groups in the central nervous system of guinea pigs.

Two groups of male guinea pigs were exposed to 5 and 10 p.p.m. nitrogen dioxide, 2 hr daily for 35 consecutive days, respectively. The third group, exposed to clean room air, was used as control. Total, free and protein bound sulfhydryl groups were estimated in the cerebral hemisphere cerebellum, midbrain and spinal cord. Significant decrement in total and protein bound sulfhydryl groups and increment in free sulfhydryl groups have been observed. Interestingly, dose-related statistically significant alterations in various CNS regions have been detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Age-related elevation of lipid peroxidation products: diminution of superoxide dismutase activity in the central nervous system of rats.

Alteration in lipid peroxidation products such as lipid peroxides, lipid hydroperoxides were studied in different regions of CNS of ageing rats (13, 26, 52, 78 and 104 weeks). The levels of lipid peroxide and lipid hydroperoxide were increased in various regions of brain and spinal cord. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase was decreased in cerebrum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. The present communication demonstrates that the different parts of CNS at 13 and 26 weeks of age have lipid peroxidation products different from that of 104-week-old rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Sterols and a glycoside from the flowers of Inula grantioides.

The flowers of Inula grantioides were analysed for their sterol composition. Chromatographic separation of the acetone extract of the plant material resulted in the isolation of beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosteryl. 11-Hentriacontene, pentariacontene and a saturated hydrocarbon, pentatriacontane, were also obtained for the first time from the flowers of the plant.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Phosphamidon neurotoxicity: protection by acetylhomocysteine thiolactone.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of the organophosphate, phosphamidon, on glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and concentration of sulphhydryl groups, and to study the possible protection against these effects by the simultaneous administration of the antioxidant, acetylhomocysteine thiolactone, commonly known as citiolone. Significant depletion was observed in the GST activity as well as in the level of total and non-protein bound sulphhydryl groups in various CNS regions of phosphamidon-intoxicated rats. When citiolone was administered alone, there was a remarkable elevation in GST activity. However, significant protection against GST inhibition was observed when phosphamidon and citiolone were administered simultaneously.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Central auditory toxicity of sisomicin in guineapigs.

The central auditory toxicity of sisomicin was studied in guineapigs administered sisomicin (135 mg/kg body weight) sc for 10 days. Total lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol were estimated in the pons, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body and auditory cortex. While the total lipids were increased in a non-preferential manner in all the regions studied, phospholipids and cholesterol levels registered no change. This study suggests the possible central auditory toxicity following sisomicin administration.

Animals↗