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Biomedical subjects

M Harris

Publications and source records attributed to M Harris.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Role of the 4-5S binding protein in the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in the rat.

Analysis of male Sprague--Dawley rat hepatic cytosol from two commercial animal laboratories for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) 4-5S binding protein showed that in one group of animals no 4-5S protein was detectable (-4S) whereas the levels of this protein were 208 +/- 57 fmol/mg cytosolic protein in the +4S rats. The role of the 4-5S binding protein in the transregulation of the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), was therefore investigated in the -4S and +4S Sprague-Dawley rats. The dose-response curves for the induction of hepatic microsomal AHH by 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) were indistinguishable in both +4S and -4S rats and comparable results were observed for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as an inducer. Both MC and TCDD exhibit high binding affinities for the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) 8-9S receptor protein, whereas MC but not TCDD bound with high affinity to the 4-5S binding protein. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) binds with moderate affinity to both the Ah receptor and 4-5S binding protein and induces AHH in both -4S and +4S rats. Perylene binds with moderate affinity to the 4-5S binding protein but does not interact with the Ah receptor. This PAH was inactive as an inducer of AHH in +4S and -4S Sprague-Dawley rats. These results show that there was a correlation between the Ah receptor binding affinities of MC, B[a]P and perylene and their potencies as AHH inducers in Sprague-Dawley rats, and this corresponds to previous correlations for the induction of AHH in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells in culture. In contrast no such correlations existed between the AHH induction potencies of these polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and their affinities for the 4-5S binding protein. These data, coupled with the fact that the absence of the 4-5S binding protein in the -4S Sprague-Dawley rats did not affect AHH inducibility by MC, B[a]P or perylene, suggests that the 4-5S binding protein does not play a role in the transregulation of cytochrome P-4501A1 in the rat or rat hepatoma cells in culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Enteric tumours of the lower female genital tract: a report of three cases.

Three enteric-type neoplasms of the lower female genital tract are described; an enteric adenocarcinoma of the cervix, an enteric adenocarcinoma of the vagina and a tubulo-villous adenoma of the vagina. The two adenocarcinomas were characterized by the presence of columnar cells with a prominent brush border and an abundance of goblet cells. The tubulovillous adenoma was identical to similar lesions found in the large intestine. The criteria for diagnosis of an enteric adenocarcinoma of the female genital tract are discussed and it is concluded that the histochemical demonstration of o-acetylated sialomucin is the most specific marker of intestinal differentiation. It is suggested that enteric tumours of the cervix arise from foci of gastrointestinal metaplasia. Enteric tumours of the vagina are more likely to develop from cloacal remnants.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Capitation financing for the chronic mentally ill: a case management approach.

The method chosen for financing mental health care has profound implications for how that care will be delivered. Fee-for-service methods of reimbursement impede the implementation of certain essential program components. Capitation financing, in contrast, holds the promise of promoting an integrated system of care for chronic mental patients. The authors present data from a case management program that incorporates capitation financing. Discussion focuses on factors that planners need to consider when instituting a capitated financing system.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Misconceptions about use of case management services by the chronic mentally ill: a utilization analysis.

Records of service contacts made over a six-month period by 44 chronic mentally ill patients served by a private case management agency in Washington, D.C., were analyzed to assess the accuracy of common assumptions held by mental health professionals about appropriate staff-to-patient ratios, the relationship between age and chronicity and use of services, the intensity of service use over time, and similar beliefs. The results suggest that the optimum staff-to-patient ratio is about 1 to 15, that older patients require fewer service contacts than younger patients, that patients' chronicity is not related to their extent of service use, and that patients' frequency of service use does not change over time. Patients who received services at the agency and patients who were seen alone required more service contacts than patients who were seen in the community and patients who were accompanied at their service contacts by members of their support network.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A failed replication.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1988

Neurofibromatosis in children with soft tissue sarcoma.

Case records of the 157 children with soft tissue sarcoma in the Manchester Children's Tumour Registry diagnosed between 1954 and 1983 were reviewed for reference to diagnostic features of neurofibromatosis (NF). Interviews were carried out with 124 families of these children. Four children in the series were identified as having NF. All four were boys, very young at diagnosis, and had rhabdomyosarcomas of the bladder or prostate. In addition, there were indications that a further nine children may have been affected. It is suggested that NF may be more common in children with soft tissue sarcoma than previously thought and that clinicians should be alert for signs and symptoms of NF in such children and their families. Affected children may be at increased risk of developing further malignancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Amlodipine in angina pectoris: effect on maximal and submaximal exercise performance.

Amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, was compared with placebo in a double-blind cross-over study in 16 patients with angina. After a 2-week single-blind placebo period, patients entered a double-blind crossover phase alternating between 4 weeks of placebo and 4 weeks of amlodipine, 10 mg once daily. The two 4-week periods were separated by a 1-week single-blind placebo washout period. The efficacy of drug therapy was measured using frequency of angina, nitroglycerin consumption, peak oxygen consumption during a maximal treadmill exercise test, and endurance time during a separate submaximal exercise test performed at 70% of the peak work capacity that had been determined before randomization. Compared with single-blind placebo there was a reduction in angina frequency during double-blind placebo and amlodipine, whereas nitroglycerin consumption was significantly reduced only by amlodipine. Amlodipine produced a significant increase in peak oxygen consumption and endurance time during the submaximal exercise test when compared with single-blind and double-blind placebo periods. Patients tolerated both placebo and amlodipine without clinically significant side effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Bilateral adult Wilms' tumor.

Bilateral Wilms' tumors in children are not uncommon but in the adult are quite rare. A two-mutation theory of oncogenesis has been proposed in which a prezygotic gene mutation and a postzygotic mutation lead to the development of Wilms' tumor. However, the recent discovery of a postzygotic deletion within the 11p13 band of chromosome 11 in adult cases of Wilms' tumor may explain the rarity of the bilateral form in later years. Early diagnosis is difficult because of the nonspecificity of signs and symptoms. Computer tomography, ultrasonography, and arteriography are important modalities in the earlier diagnosis of adult Wilms' tumor. Because of the rarity of these tumors, no definitive guidelines for treatment have emerged. However, a multidisciplinary approach incorporating surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy has been used most often but with varying success. This report documents the second case of bilateral adult Wilms' tumor presenting as perinephric hematomas which partially resolved.

Female↗
PubMed1987

A randomized trial of two types of adjuvant chemotherapy in radiotherapy-treated patients with clinical stages I and II high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

This paper reports the 8-year results of comparing the use of two types of adjuvant chemotherapy following involved field radiotherapy for clinical stages I and II high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Twenty-four patients received 6 weeks of VAP plus 2 years of oral maintenance chemotherapy, and 30 had six cycles of CMOPP. Four patients were not in complete remission at completion of i.v. chemotherapy (CR rate 91%). Ten patients (18.5%) have relapsed (VAP/M = 5; CMOPP = 5), with only two of these remaining alive, both of them being disease free. There have been three deaths from intercurrent causes, one from malignant melanoma and the other two from myocardial infarction. The relapse-free survivals at 2, 5 and 8 years were 80%, 76% & 76% respectively. The overall survivals at the same time points were 86%, 72% & 68%. There were no significant differences in either relapse-free or overall survival for either of the two treatment groups. The shorter period of weekly intravenous chemotherapy (VAP/M) was better tolerated than 36 weeks of CMOPP, and the former appears to produce equivalent results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Medical versus surgical management of temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction.

Most patients with temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction have a history of stress and pains elsewhere in the body. These patients become symptom free in response to reassurance and a course of tricyclic antidepressant drug therapy when used as a muscle relaxant and central analgesic. Some however, will benefit from psychiatric help. A smaller proportion have secondary joint disturbances requiring surgery.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Psychological factors influencing post-operative pain and analgesic consumption.

The personality factors, post-operative pain experience and analgesic requirements after minor oral surgery under general anaesthesia of 103 patients are presented. Psychiatric morbidity, neuroticism and anxiety were related to increased pain which tended to persist longer than normal. Trait anxiety also correlated with simple analgesic consumption, and neuroticism was weakly associated with Omnopon requirements. Thus, regular analgesics prescribed for at least 3 days will anticipate the needs of such patients. Despite higher levels of anxiety and neuroticism, women did not complain of more pain or require more analgesia than men in this study. There was also no overall correlation between post-operative pain experience and analgesic requirements. Therefore analgesic tablet consumption cannot be used as a measure of pain control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of intravenous teicoplanin with intramuscular amoxycillin for the prophylaxis of streptococcal bacteraemia in dental patients.

Teicoplanin 400 mg, given as an intravenous bolus dose after induction of general anaesthesia, was highly effective in reducing the prevalence of streptococcal bacteraemia following dental extraction. Pulse rate and blood pressure monitoring did not show any adverse cardiovascular reactions after this dose which was extremely well tolerated. Blood samples were collected from adult patients for culture and antibiotic assay about two minutes after the dental procedure. Viridans streptococci were isolated from one of 40 patients receiving teicoplanin (2.5%) compared with 13 of 40 (32.5%) control patients. Another group of patients investigated received amoxycillin 1.0 g, intramuscularly shortly before anaesthesia, and viridans streptococci were isolated from 10 of 40 (25%) patients in this group. The mean serum teicoplanin and amoxycillin concentrations at the time of extraction were 37 and 10 mg/l respectively. Although amoxycillin was administered with lignocaine patients occasionally complained of pain following intramuscular injection. The results of this study suggest that the 400 mg intravenous bolus dose of teicoplanin is more suitable than 1.0 g intramuscular amoxycillin for the parenteral prophylaxis of streptococcal endocarditis in patients with cardiac lesions who require a dental procedure. Also as the teicoplanin dose is easy to administer and free of cardiovascular reactions or 'red man' syndrome it is probably more suitable than vancomycin for providing prophylaxis in patients allergic to penicillin.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome responsive to carbidopa/levodopa: support for a dopaminergic pathogenesis.

A 31-year-old man with psychosis and neuroleptic-induced tardive dystonia developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) while taking haloperidol. Muscle rigidity responded to dantrolene, but hyperthermia did not abate until therapy with carbidopa/levodopa was initiated, after which temperature varied in direct relationship to subsequent levodopa administration. This supports the role for central dopaminergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of NMS.

Adult↗