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Biomedical subjects

M Harada

Publications and source records attributed to M Harada.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Antiinflammatory effect of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff.

The red leaves of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. (G. pictum) are used in Indonesian folk medicine. The present study was carried out to elucidate the antiinflammatory effect of the ethanol extract obtained from this crude drug. The extract was partitioned between ether and water, and then the water-soluble fraction was extracted with 1-butanol. The 1-butanol-soluble fraction was extracted with chloroform-acetone, hot methanol and water, successively, and the hot methanol-soluble fraction (fr.) was chromatographed (frs. I-III). The antiinflammatory activity of these fractions was investigated on carrageenin-induced edema in rats and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability as well as the writhing symptom in mice. The ethanol extract (p.o.) showed an antiinflammatory activity as well as an analgesic activity and these activities shifted to the water-soluble fraction, 1-butanol-soluble fraction, methanol-soluble fraction and fr. II, successively. It was found that fr. II contained flavonoids. These results suggest that these flavonoids are at least partly responsible for the antiinflammatory effect of the ethanol extract of G. pictum.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Centrally acting muscle relaxant effect of phthalides (ligustilide, cnidilide and senkyunolide) obtained from Cnidium officinale Makino].

The present study was carried out to elucidate a centrally acting muscle relaxant effect of chloroform soluble fraction and its component, namely, ligustilide, cnidilide and senkyunolide obtained from the rhizome of Cnidium officinale Makino. These three compounds were isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction by column chromatography on silica gel. The centrally acting muscle relaxant effect was investigated on the crossed extensor reflex in anesthetized rats and these samples were suspended in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose solution and administered i.p. These three compounds as well as the chloroform soluble fraction depressed the reflex response. The depressive potencies among them were almost the same and their potencies were also the same or somewhat weaker as that of mephenesin. As a curare-like action was not observed, a muscle relaxation induced by these phthalide compounds is considered to be due to central origin.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed1989

Strain difference and mode of inheritance of the susceptibility to passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mediated by allogeneic IgE antibody in the mouse.

The strain difference and mode of inheritance of the susceptibility to PCA (passive cutaneous anaphylaxis) were studied in mice. No marked strain differences were found in the susceptibility to PCA mediated by allogeneic IgG1 monoclonal and xenogeneic IgG antibodies, although BALB/c Crj mice were somewhat less susceptible than the other strains. On the other hand, the susceptibility to PCA mediated by allogeneic IgE monoclonal antibodies differed greatly according to the strain; SJL/J, A.SW/J and DS/Shi mice being highly susceptible and C57BL/6JShi, BALB/cCrj, DBA/2Crj, C3H/HeShi and CBA/JNCrj mice insusceptible. Based on the marked difference between DS/Shi and C3H/HeShi strains, the mode of inheritance of the susceptibility to IgE PCA was studied using their F1, F2 and F1 x parent backcross offspring. All the F1 hybrids by reciprocal crosses between these two strains and F1 x DS backcross mice were highly susceptible like DS/Shi mice. Backcross mice between F1 and C3H/HeShi showed approximately 1:1 segregation into the susceptible and insusceptible. Segregation was also observed in the F2 generation; 32% being insusceptible. These results suggest that the high susceptibility is a dominant phenotype controlled mainly by a single gene on an autosomal chromosome; this was statistically supported by tests of the segregation ratios obtained. However, in the PCA-positive recipients of F1 x C3H backcross and F2 generations, dye leakage into the skin was tended to be diffuse and less compact than in DS/Shi, F1 and F1 x DS backcross mice. This suggests the presence of some additional genes which modify the expression of the main gene.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Pathomorphological study of local extension and progression of prostate cancer].

The interrelationship among localization of tumor, local extension, lymph node metastasis and various histological grades was investigated in 31 consecutive series of prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy. Surgical specimens were examined by step sections cut perpendicular to the urethra. Each tumor was graded histologically in accordance with WHO-Mostofi grading (evaluated by nuclear anaplasia and structural differentiation), Gleason's and M.D. Anderson's grading systems. The areas of the prostate was divided into 4 quadrants delimited vertically along the urethral axis and transversely at the level of utricle, i.e. anterior/superior, anterior/inferior, posterior/superior and posterior/inferior quadrants. Topographical localization and extension of each tumor was examined in accordance with the above area subdivision. Every tumor was growing at least in the posterior/inferior area. All cases with tumor progression to the anterior/superior area also revealed extensive tumor growth in the other two or three quadrants. Therefore, prostate cancer appears to be originated from the posterior/inferior area of the prostate and terminated in the anterior/superior area as local extension. In 31 cases examined, capsular invasion was noted in 22, seminal vesicle invasion in 16, and lymph node metastasis in 12 cases. All cases with seminal vesicle invasion also showed capsular invasion. None of the cases without capsular and/or seminal vesicle invasion had lymph node metastasis. Thus, it is inferred that prostate cancer is initially growing locally, extending to the capsule and seminal vesicle and then metastasizes to the pelvic lymph nodes. As for the histological grading, higher grade tumors tended to show higher incidence of capsular and seminal vesicle invasion and lymph node metastasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Immunological and anti-inflammatory effects of clarithromycin: inhibition of interleukin 1 production of murine peritoneal macrophages.

The immunological and anti-inflammatory effects of clarithromycin (CAM), a new oral macrolide antibiotic, were examined in in vitro models such as lymphocyte transformation (LTF) of murine spleen cells, interleukin 1 (IL-1) production of murine peritoneal macrophages and IL-1-induced proliferation of C3H/HeJ mice thymocytes; the results were compared with those achieved by erythromycin (EM). CAM suppressed these responses much more than EM. Murine peritoneal macrophages precultured with CAM showed diminished IL-1 production, but macrophages precultured with EM did not, indicating that CAM has suppressive effects on the early phase of IL-1 production of murine peritoneal macrophages. Suppressive effects of CAM on IL-1 production by macrophages and proliferation of lymphocytes were independent of prostaglandin biosynthesis, since this drug had no effect on cyclooxygenase activity. Additional immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities of CAM may explain its superior clinical effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Herpes simplex virus in oral mucosal ulcers in patients with hematological malignancy.

Developments of oral mucosal ulcers induced by herpes simplex virus (HSV) were studied in patients with hematologic malignancy. Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) was identified by immunological staining using virus-specific monoclonal antibodies in the epithelial cells of such ulcers from two patients with malignant lymphoma (ML), three with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), one with refractomy anemia with excess blasts, two with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), one with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and one with aplastic anemia (AA). Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) was also identified in an ulcer from a patient with AML. Isolation of HSV-1 was successful in the two patients with ML, one with CML, one with AML, the one with ALL and the one with AA. The ulcers developed on the tongue (four cases), buccal membrane (five cases), hard palate (one case), soft palate (one case), soft palate (one case) and gingiva (two cases). Only one patient with CML and one with AML had accompanying labial vesicular lesions. All patients except the one with AA had previously been given combination chemotherapy with anti-neoplastic agents. The results indicate that HSV may have an important role to play in the development of chemotherapy-related oral mucosal ulcers in patients with hematological malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Fatal graft-versus-host disease following transfusion during open heart surgery.

We report fatal transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a patient who was not severely immunosuppressed. A 58-year-old man received 800 ml of fresh whole blood from his son and an unrelated volunteer donor during open heart surgery. On the 10th day after the operation, he suddenly had a high fever, followed by generalized skin rash and liver dysfunction. Pancytopenia due to bone marrow aplasia developed a week later. A skin biopsy revealed a cutaneous lesion highly compatible with acute GVHD. The patient did not respond to high-dose methylprednisolone therapy, and died of multiple organ failure on the 18th day after the operation.

Graft vs Host Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study of multiple primary cancers including lung cancer].

Out of a total of 506 lung cancers treated between 1977 to 1988, a total of 27 (5.3%) multiple primary cancers were uncovered. The patients consisted of 20 males and 7 females and their average age was 67 (48-81) years. The frequency seen in the histological type of patient with multiple primary cancers was the same as that seen in their background lung cancers. Twenty-one (78%) patients were smokers. Thirteen patients (45%) had a family history of cancer. Two cases had 3 family members who had a cancer history. The tumor DNA contents of 2 cases with multiple primary cancers were analyzed. In both cases, the DNA indices were found to differ between the first and the second cancer. Thus, it may be possible to identify multiple primary cancers by determining the tumoral DNA content.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Osteoma of the testis with its histogenetic consideration.

Although a few cases of osteoma in renal pelvis and urinary bladder have been reported, no cases of osteoma in the testis have been presented. A case of so-called osteoma of the testis incidentally found in a 30-year-old man was presented with discussion for its histogenetic considerations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Long-term observation of immunologic reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: differences in recovery among functional T cell subsets.

A 27-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the first relapse received allogeneic marrow graft from an HLA-identical sister on April 28, 1978. We studied in vitro immunologic parameters such as T cell surface phenotypes, proliferative response to PHA and Con A; T cell suppressor and helper function for in vitro immunoglobulin production stimulated with pokeweed mitogen serially after the transplantation. Despite a low OKT4/OKT8 ratio for more than 5 yrs after marrow grafting, proliferative response to PHA recovered to normal 4 yrs and 9 months post-transplant. In contrast, proliferative response to Con A did not recover. T cell suppressor function induced by Con A had recovered at 3 yrs 6 months; however helper T cell function took longer to recover. These findings suggest differences in functional recovery of T cell subsets following allogeneic marrow transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Correction of distal hypospadias by urethral meatal advancement neo-urethroplasty-glandoplasty].

Distal hypospadias are the most frequently observed, and represent about 70% of all forms of this condition. In recent years, due to the introduction of simpler procedures which produces better results, the surgical correction of this small defect has been universally accepted. It offers a normal penile appearance and prevents associated psycological effects. In this work we evaluated the surgical correction of distal hypospadias by means of meatal advancement-neouretroplasty-glanuloplasty in two hundred patients. Good cosmetic and functional results were obtained in 86,5 and 97,0% of the cases, respectively. All patients had their urinary stream directed forward. The more important complications verified were neomeatal retraction, urethrocutaneous fistula and neomeatal stenosis in 13.5, 3.0 and 0.5%, respectively. The complications observed did not represent a worsening of the initial condition, and in almost all such cases it was corrected with a complementary procedure on an ambulatory basis or in one day of stay at the hospital, as the previous surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Flow cytometric analysis of T lymphocyte subsets after human bone marrow transplantation using monoclonal antibodies and dual immunofluorescence].

Using monoclonal antibodies and a dual immunofluorescence technique, we studied the abnormalities of T lymphocyte subsets after human marrow transplantation. T lymphocytes bearing HLA-DR antigen increased both in patients with acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Parallel to a decrease in CD4+ cells, a CD4+ 2H4+ subset decreased and gradually recovered with time while the percentage of CD4+ 4B4+ cells increased. A significant increase of CD8+ cells observed after marrow transplant corresponded mainly to an increase in CD8+ CD11- cells. Patients with chronic GVHD tended to have a higher proportion of CD8+ CD11+ cells. These results indicate abnormalities of T cell subsets among both CD4+ and CD8+ cells after marrow grafting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Expression of cytokine genes in hematological malignancies.

A substantial number of leukemic blast colonies were formed when conditioned medium of human bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 was added as a stimulator. Recombinant colony-stimulating factor (CSF) also stimulated leukemic blast cell proliferation, leading to colony formation. Furthermore, serum CSF levels in some patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), as detected by sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were high. These observations prompted us to study further the expressions of hematopoietic growth factor genes. Granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) mRNA was detected in the leukemic blast cells from about 30% of patients with AML by Northern blot analysis using strict hybridization conditions with or without in vitro blast cell enrichment. These findings suggest that the expression of cytokine genes including the GM-CSF gene reflects in vivo phenomena, although no clear relationship between expression of the genes and serum CSF level has been established. Gene encoding tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) were sometimes expressed in some malignant hematological cell lines and also some fresh leukemic cells.

Biological Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental methodology on pharmacological studies on crude drugs].

Properties of crude drugs are different from those of a pure synthetic compound which is prepared as a candidate for a newly developed drug in that; crude drugs are composed of innumerable ingredients and have at least some therapeutic efficacies. Accordingly, a pharmacological study of crude drugs resembles studying of a sample such as a complex combined preparation and a lot of problems upon pharmacological examination arises from properties inherent in crude drugs. In this review, these problems are discussed, being based on pharmacological studies which have been performed in several crude drugs.

Aconitine↗
PubMed1988

Tumor-bone interaction induced by transplantable human tumors in nude mice.

Tumor-bone interactions were experimentally studied using four transplantable human urogenital tumors in nude mice. The method consisted of subcutaneously (SC) inoculating tumor cells over the calvaria in nude mice after the periosteum has been disrupted. This resulted in a local tumor causing fragmentation of the bone. The degree of tumor-bone interaction also varied with the type of implanted tumors as shown in radiographic and histologic examinations. All tumors were associated with histologic patterns of classical bone remodeling, including bone destruction with osteoclast proliferation and reactive new bone formation. The evidence presented here suggests that the majority of tumor-bone interaction showed a combination of both features, bone destruction and new bone formation, and the mechanisms whereby tumors interact with bone may vary with the biological properties of the tumor. Our new system would be suitable for studying the biology of local interaction between bone and tumor cells and searching out a method to protect the bone from cancer cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Production of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and reversed PCA by rat IgE antibody in the mouse.

Although IgE antibody is generally characterized as a homocytotropic antibody, it has been well known for some time that mouse IgE antibody causes potent sensitization of rat skin for PCA. The present study clearly shows the reciprocal cross-sensitization of mouse skin with rat IgE molecules. PCA and RPCA were produced by rat IgE antibody in an inbred mouse strain. DS/Shi, though not in C3H/HeShi, C57BL/6JShi and BALB/cCrj strains. Sensitization of DS/Shi mouse skin for PCA with rat IgE antibody was comparable in sensitivity with that of rat skin, but lasted only for a short term in comparison with the long persistence in rat skin.

Animals↗