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Biomedical subjects

M Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to M Hansen.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A comparison of airway responsiveness in smokers with chronic bronchitis and in asthmatic subjects.

Fifty-two of 95 smokers with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) above 70% predicted and with chronic bronchitis were found to have increased bronchial responsiveness, expressed as PC20FEV1, upon challenge with inhaled histamine. The degree of responsiveness was significantly below that found in matched asthmatics, but substantially higher than that reported in normals. The degree of responsiveness was significantly correlated to prechallenge ventilatory capacity, age and tobacco consumption but not to sex. PC40MEF50 showed the same distribution as PC20FEV1, but did not add further information. The slope of the dose response curve expressing the maximum expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity expired (MEF50) did not correlate with any of the parameters measured. The slope of the FEV1 dose-response curves showed significant correlation with tobacco consumption. The degree of bronchial responsiveness as an indication for future disability needs to be investigated.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A trial of inhaled budesonide on airway responsiveness in smokers with chronic bronchitis.

The aim of the present randomized, double-blind study was to evaluate the effect of inhaled budesonide on daily symptoms, ventilatory capacity, and airway responsiveness in smokers with chronic bronchitis. Twenty-five subjects with a provocative concentration producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second PC20(FEV1) less than 2.0 mg.ml-1, by bronchial histamine challenge, were included. Eighteen subjects accomplished the entire 12 week study, eight receiving inhaled budesonide 400 micrograms b.i.d. and ten receiving placebo. Cough decreased significantly in the actively treated group during the treatment period, but no change could be demonstrated in expectoration, dyspnoea, or sleep disturbances. No changes in any of these symptoms were found in the placebo group, and no differences in symptoms scores were found between the groups. No significant differences in ventilatory capacity or bronchial responsiveness could be demonstrated. In conclusion, a moderately high dose of inhaled steroid in eight subjects with chronic bronchitis did not improve the symptom scores, ventilatory capacity, or airway responsiveness to any clinically relevant degree.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Cobalamin binding proteins in the human fetus.

Cobalamin binding proteins are synthesized by the fetus from at least 16-19 gestational weeks. Cerebrospinal fluid contained transcobalamin with size and isoelectric points identical to adult transcobalamin. The unsaturated cobalamin-binding capacity in the fetal cerebrospinal fluid was comparable to adult levels, that is 0.01-0.04 nmol/l, median 0.03 nmol/l, n = 4. The unsaturated cobalamin-binding capacity in serum was low compared to adult values (0.02-0.04 nmol/l, median 0.03 nmol/l, n = 4). The unsaturated cobalamin-binding capacity in at term umbilical cord serum was alike for arterial and venous blood. The values obtained was 0.14-1.03 nmol/l, median 0.66 nmol/l, n = 22, which was two thirds of the corresponding values in maternal serum: In the amniotic fluid haptocorrin, intrinsic factor and transcobalamin were identical with the adult binders regarding the size and the isoelectric point.

Fetus↗
PubMed1989

Transhepatic embolization of superior mesenteric varices in portal hypertension.

A 49-year-old woman with a history of excessive consumption of alcohol experienced lower-intestinal bleeding 2 years after undergoing a total abdominal hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy because of carcinoma of the cervix. Mesenteric arteriograms showed large, focal varices in the ileum, hepatofugal blood flow, and an abnormal communication between these varices and the right ovarian vein. Percutaneous transhepatic embolization of these varices with absorbable, gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) and coils was successful in stopping the intestinal bleeding.

Embolization, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1988

Clonal genomic alterations in glioma malignancy stages.

Comparison of constitutional and tumor genotypes at chromosomal loci defined by restriction fragment length alleles has proven useful in determining the genomic position and tissue specificity of recessive mutations that predispose to cancer (Hansen, M.F., and Cavenee, W.K. Cancer Res., 47:5518-5527, 1987). Here we have applied this approach to 53 unrelated patients with glial tumors of varying histological malignancy grade. Loss of constitutional heterozygosity for loci on chromosome 10 was observed in 28 of 29 tumors histologically classified as glioblastoma (malignancy grade IV) whereas no similar losses were observed in any of 22 gliomas of lower malignancy grade. Examination of restriction fragment length alleles on other chromosomes revealed that loss of sequences on chromosomes 13, 17, or 22 had occurred at nonrandom frequencies and in at least one instance of each malignancy grade of adult glioma. The tumors in which loss of constitutional heterozygosity was observed were composed of one or a mixture of glial cell subtypes displaying astrocytic, oligodendrocytic, and/or ependymal differentiation. These results demonstrate a close association of the loss of chromosome 10 sequences with the most malignant histological stage of glioma and that glioblastoma arises as the clonal expansion of an earlier staged precursor. Furthermore they suggest that glioblastoma is a common phenotypic and malignancy terminus for glial tumors of various cellular subtypes which is reached through a common molecular pathway. This approach which involves the identification of malignancy stage specific somatic losses of heterozygosity provides a genotypic, rather than phenotypic, analysis of tumor progression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effect of nicotine chewing gum in combination with group counseling on the cessation of smoking.

We studied the effectiveness of chewing gum containing nicotine, in combination with group counseling, for subjects who were attempting to stop smoking. We used the Horn-Russell scale, based on a smoking questionnaire, to measure dependence on cigarettes; 173 smokers were grouped as highly dependent on nicotine or as having medium to low degrees of dependence. In a randomized double-blind study, the 60 highly dependent smokers were given gum containing 4 mg of nicotine (n = 27) or 2 mg of nicotine (n = 33), and the 113 smokers with medium or low dependence were given gum containing 2 mg of nicotine (n = 60) or a placebo gum (n = 53). All smokers took part in group counseling. In the highly dependent group, abstinence from cigarettes was chemically verified after six weeks, one year, and two years; 81.5 percent, 44.4 percent, and 33.3 percent of the subjects given gum containing 4 mg of nicotine were abstinent after those follow-up periods; the rates of abstinence were 54.5 percent, 12.1 percent, and 6.1 percent, respectively, for the subjects given gum containing 2 mg of nicotine. In the group with medium or low dependence, the rates of abstinence after the same periods were 73.3 percent, 38.3 percent, and 28.3 percent for the subjects given gum containing 2 mg of nicotine and 41.5 percent, 22.6 percent, and 9.4 percent for those given placebo gum. The differences in outcomes were significant at the 5 percent level for all comparisons, with the exception of the 2-mg nicotine gum versus the placebo gum at one year. This study indicates that the effectiveness of nicotine gum is not due to a placebo effect and that it is related to dose. The use of nicotine gum in appropriate doses should be helpful to persons who are attempting to stop smoking.

Chewing Gum↗
PubMed1988

Early detection of response in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma by changes in serum concentrations of creatine kinase, neuron specific enolase, calcitonin, ACTH, serotonin and gastrin releasing peptide.

Creatine kinase (CK-BB), neuron specific enolase (NSE), ACTH, calcitonin, serotonin and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) were measured in serum or plasma before and immediately after initiation of treatment in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCC). Pretherapeutic elevated concentrations of CK-BB were found in 82% of extensive disease patients and in 50% of patients with local disease. NSE was raised in 72% with extensive disease versus 14% of patients with local disease. Calcitonin and ACTH were raised in 27% and 28%, respectively, in all patients without significant difference between extensive and local disease patients. Serotonin was generally overall elevated in 10% and GRP in 7% but elevations were seen only in patients with extensive disease. Out of the four most frequently elevated substances at least one marker was elevated in 80% of all the patients, including 91% in extensive stage patients and 71% in limited stage patients. Frequent initial monitoring of the substances showed an increase in the concentrations of pretherapeutic elevated CK-BB and NSE on day 1 or 2 followed by a sharp decrease within 1 week. These changes were correlated to objective clinical response determined within 4-8 weeks. The results indicate that serum CK-BB and NSE are potential markers for SCC at the time of diagnosis and that changes in the concentrations during the first course of cytostatic therapy are promising as biochemical tests for early detection of response to chemotherapy.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1988

Two and four mg nicotine chewing gum and group counselling in smoking cessation: an open, randomized, controlled trial with a 22 month follow-up.

The aim of this study was to examine any dose response effect of 2 and 4 mg nicotine gum (Nicorette) as well as the effect of the treatment in relation to a control group. One hundred seventy-two cigarette smokers were randomly allocated to group counselling and 2 mg- (n = 62) or 4 mg- (n = 54) nicotine chewing gum or to an "advice only" control group (n = 56). Six group meetings in a three month period were guided by physicians in groups of 10-12 members. The 4 mg gum was replaced by 2 mg after 4 weeks. The overall chemical verified success rate was significantly higher for the treatment group compared with the control group. The success rate for the gum group was 45.6% after three months versus 7.1% for the control group, 33.3% versus 3.7% after 12 months, and 27.2% versus 5.7% after 22 months, respectively (p less than 0.001). We could not demonstrate any significant dose response effect of 2 and 4 mg nicotine gum. The low dependent smokers had the best outcome. The subgroup of self-reported chronic bronchitis subjects had a significantly lower success rate than their healthy counterparts (p less than 0.002). Neither the p-nicotine level after smoking or chewing gum nor the difference between these two could predict the outcome. The gum p-nicotine after a week was only 37.1% for 2 mg and 64.3% for 4 mg of the corresponding smoking p-nicotine levels. Nicotine compensation was best for the high dependent smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Incidence of sinusitis in patients with nasotracheal intubation.

Sinusitis is a complication known to accompany nasotracheal intubation, but its frequency has not been well documented. Twelve patients suffering from cerebral haemorrhage or from cranial trauma and treated with mechanical ventilation were examined for radiological and bacteriological signs of sinusitis with CT-scanning, and cultures of nasal pus discharge. All patients showed radiological signs of sinusitis within 3 days after intubation. They all developed fever, six with a known focus outside the sinuses. There was an even distribution of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. It is concluded that sinusitis should be considered where fever occurs without known focus in patients with nasotracheal intubation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of low vision in the progressive cone dystrophies.

Twenty-three patients suffering from the progressive cone dystrophies (PCD) were evaluated retrospectively, after they had undergone treatment for low vision. All patients were able to read 1 M or smaller print with magnification, despite poor central acuity. Eighteen (78%) patients achieved their primary rehabilitation goal, and 86% of the low vision devices prescribed were used at follow-up. Photosensitivity was reported by a large number of patients. Seven patients indicated that alleviating this problem was their primary rehabilitation goal. Eight (35%) found sun filters to be helpful. Our successful experience with patients with these disorders suggests that examination for, and trial of, low vision devices is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of refractory cancer-associated hypercalcemia with aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate.

The case history is presented of a 45-year-old woman who was receiving chemotherapy for a pulmonary adenocarcinoma and who developed severe symptomatic hypercalcemia. Despite intensive treatment with fluids, loop diuretics, prednisone, calcitonin and repeated doses of mithramycin, she remained hypercalcemic. She was then treated with aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate (APD) with consequent rapid normalization of the serum calcium and disappearance of symptoms. We conclude that APD is a valuable supplement to the treatment of malignant hypercalcemia in that it may be effective when traditional therapies have failed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Brain metastases in adenocarcinoma of the lung: frequency, risk groups, and prognosis.

A consecutive group of 259 patients with inoperable adenocarcinoma of the lung (ACL) were observed to define risk groups for and frequency of brain metastases together with prognosis. All patients received chemotherapy in a three-armed randomized trial. Brain metastases were diagnosed in 25 patients before protocol entry and in 37 during treatment. Brain autopsy was performed in 87 patients and was positive in 38 (44%). Eleven of these (29%) were not diagnosed clinically. Patients younger than 60 years had a somewhat higher overall frequency of brain metastases than older patients. Patients with initial performance status above 60% and patients responding to chemotherapy had higher risk for developing brain metastasis during treatment than other patients, probably because of the increasing cumulated risk for this complication with prolonged survival. Median survival after onset of brain metastases was 73 days and survival was significantly shorter for these patients than for patients without this complication at days 0, 90, 180, and 365 after protocol entry. Thus, brain metastases is a frequent complication in ACL and the frequency increases with prolonged survival. Survival after development of brain metastases is short and it is questionable whether the inclusion of this subgroup of ACL patients into experimental cytostatic treatments is justified.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Adjuvant therapy of premenopausal and menopausal high-risk breast cancer patients. Present status of the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group Trials 77-B and 82-B.

From September 1977 to November 1987 high-risk (i.e. with positive axillary lymph nodes, or tumor size greater than 5 cm or skin/facia invasion) premenopausal and menopausal breast cancer patients have been included in 2 randomized trials. In both trials the primary surgical treatment was total mastectomy with axillary sampling. In the first trial (DBCG 77-B) 1034 patients all received postoperative radiotherapy (RT) and were further randomized to 1) no systemic treatment (0), 2) cyclophosphamide (C), or 3) cyclophosphamide + methotrexate + 5-fluorouracil (CMF). The chemotherapy was given for 1 year. With a median observation time of 7 years the actuarial survival after 9 years is 50, 60 and 65% respectively. Retrospectively, the survival benefit was observed to be most pronounced in patients with tumor size less than or equal to 5 cm and with less than or equal to 3 positive lymph nodes. In the subsequent study initiated in 1982 (82-B) all patients received CMF for 9 months. Furthermore they were randomized to 1) RT, 2) no further treatment, or 3) tamoxifen (TAM) for 1 year. As of November 1, 1987, 1308 patients have been included. At 4 years and with a median observation time of 2 years the survival is similar in the 3 groups. In conclusion, in high-risk premenopausal and menopausal patients adjuvant chemotherapy combined with RT resulted in a 20-30% relative reduction in mortality at 9 years compared with RT alone. Preliminary analysis of adjuvant CMF + RT, compared with CMF alone or with CMF + TAM, shows after a median observation time of more than 2 years no significant survival differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hypouricemia and urate excretion in small cell lung carcinoma patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis.

Urate concentrations in serum and renal urate clearance were prospectively evaluated in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Serum urate and renal urate clearance were measured before and during cytostatic treatment until disease progression (PD) in 12 patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) and in 8 patients without. Hypouricemia occurred in 4 SIAD patients before treatment and also when tumor regression was obtained. Two normouricemic SIAD patients developed hypouricemia when PD occurred. No patient without SIAD experienced hypouricemia. Serum urate in patients with SIAD was lower than in those without SIAD before cytostatic treatment but not 3 months after the treatment. Hypouricemic patients had higher urate clearance than normouricemic and it remained higher even after tumor regression. Serum urate was invalid as marker of tumor regression or relapse. SIAD patients have higher glomerular filtration rates than patients without SIAD, which may influence the renal excretion of cytostatic drugs.

Blood Volume↗