Biomedical subjects

M Hanaoka

Publications and source records attributed to M Hanaoka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

Evaluation of serotyping, biotyping, plasmid banding pattern analysis, and HEp-2 vacuolation factor assay in the epidemiological investigation of Bacillus cereus emetic-syndrome food poisoning.

To assess the value of the plasmid banding patterns, the vacuolation factor (VF) assay, biotyping, and serological typing as epidemiological markers for strains of Bacillus cereus causing emetic-syndrome illness, 43 isolates from five outbreaks and an additional 76 strains isolated in food-poisoning outbreaks caused by other enteric pathogens were examined by these techniques, and the results were compared. Thirty-eight (88%) of the 43 outbreak strains produced vacuolation responses in HEp-2 cells and were all starch-hydrolysis negative. The other 76 strains associated with outbreaks caused by other food-poisoning bacteria gave all negative VF production results except four strains, and 56 (74%) of these strains produced positive reactions in starch hydrolysis tests. Starch hydrolysis emerged as a convenient screen for VF production, because no starch hydrolysis-positive strains produced VF. With the exception of one isolate, all 38 VF-positive isolates from emtic-syndrome outbreaks were serotype H.1. Isolates from four of the five outbreaks revealed identical plasmid banding patterns in each outbreak, whereas only three of eight serotype H.1 strains from the fifth outbreak exhibited indistinguishable plasmid banding patterns. These results suggest that the plasmid banding pattern analysis may be of value in discriminating between isolates of the same serotype, and establishing if an outbreak arises from a common food source. In conclusion, the vacuolation factor assay combined with the plasmid banding patterns proved to be a valuable tool for the epidemiological investigation of emetic-syndrome outbreaks caused by B. cereus. Moreover, these methods are particularly useful for laboratories that do not have ready access to serotyping facilities.

Bacillus cereus↗

PubMed1996

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid findings in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has recently been incriminated as an aetiological agent in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This study was performed to determine the cellularity and lymphocyte phenotypes of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS: BAL fluid and lavage lymphocyte subsets from 13 patients (10 men) with active chronic hepatitis C, diagnosed by sustained elevated serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and typical histological findings in the liver, were analysed. Lavage findings in these patients were compared with those from 13 healthy volunteers (eight men) as controls. RESULTS: There was no difference in total cell counts in lavage fluid between the two groups. Lavage lymphocyte and eosinophil numbers were increased in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Surface marker analysis of the lymphocyte populations showed increases in CD2, CD3, CD4, and HLA-DR. CD4/CD8 ratios were not different. CONCLUSIONS: The numbers of lymphocytes and eosinophils in BAL fluid are increased in patients with chronic hepatitis C. These findings suggest that HCV infection may trigger alveolitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with high altitude pulmonary oedema at moderate altitude in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The precise mechanism of high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of cytokines and P-selectin in the development of HAPE which occurred at moderate altitude in Japan. METHODS: The following cellular and biochemical markers and chemotactic cytokines were measured in the bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid from four patients with HAPE at 2857-3180 m in the Japanese Alps: total proteins, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and the soluble form of P-selectin. RESULTS: At admission there were significant increases in the levels of total cells, especially macrophages and neutrophils, total protein, albumin and LDH when compared with 13 healthy individuals. Furthermore, the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were also considerably increased but returned quickly to the normal ranges or were not detected after recovery. The levels of IL-1 alpha, IL-10, and P-selectin did not change. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that an inflammatory process almost identical with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may occur in HAPE, but that these changes are transient and are not associated with any increase in P-selectin levels in the BAL fluid.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Acute hypoxic pulmonary vascular response does not accompany plasma endothelin-1 elevation in subjects susceptible to high altitude pulmonary edema.

We have previously shown that high altitude pulmonary edema-susceptible subjects (HAPE-S) have an accentuated pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia. In this study, we investigated the relationship between plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels and the acute hypoxic pulmonary vascular response in HAPE-S and control subjects. In six HAPE-S and seven healthy subjects, we evaluated acceleration time/right ventricular ejection time (AcT/RVET) using Doppler echocardiography, and measured plasma ET-1 levels by radioimmunoassay (RIA) before and after 5 minutes of breathing 10% oxygen. The HAPE-S showed a significantly increased pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia compared with healthy subjects. However, no statistically significant changes of plasma ET-1 levels were observed before and after hypoxia in both groups. We conclude that the increased pulmonary vascular response to acute hypoxia in HAPE-S may not be related to ET-1 release.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1996

[Analysis of cells and proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid].

We studied cells and proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examined at the First Department of Internal Medicine of Shinshu University Hospital between 1990 and 1994. The samples came from 21 healthy subjects and from 216 patients with various diseases. Lymphocyte counts were abnormally high in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Sjögren's syndrome, sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Neutrophil counts were very high in the patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis and in those with high-altitude pulmonary edema, and eosinophil counts were high in those with eosinophilic pneumonia. The CD4:CD8 ratio was significantly higher in the patients with stage I sarcoidosis than in the healthy subjects. The total protein concentration and the albumin concentration were significantly higher in the patients with eosinophilic pneumonia and in those with high-altitude pulmonary edema than in the healthy subjects, and these findings suggest that in those two conditions the permeability of the pulmonary microvasculature was abnormally high.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Acute lung injury and chemical mediators].

The essential abnormality in acute lung injury is an increase in pulmonary permeability. The mechanisms involved are complex, and may include direct effects on endothelial cells; the actions of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes; and chemical mediators generated by these cells. Neutrophils are known to be important in acute lung injury, and the mediators they produce, especially protease and oxidants, may be responsible for endothelial cell injury. We studied the roles of neutrophil elastase and oxygen radicals in acute lung injury by Escherichia coli endotoxin in sheep with lung lymph fistulae. The results of these and other studies indicate that these substances are related to the increase in pulmonary permeability during the late phase of injury.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1994

[Development of highly stereoselective reactions based on tricarbonyl(eta 6-o-trimethylsilylbenzaldehyde)-chromium(o) complex].

Treatment of the tricarbonyl(eta 6-o-trimethylsilylbenzaldehyde)chromium (O) complex with cyclic silyl enol ether species under the Mukaiyama condition resulted in highly stereoselective formation of syn-aldol products, whereas the aldol reaction with O-silyl ketene O,S-acetals afforded the corresponding anti-products in a highly stereoselective manner. The tricarbonyl(eta 6-o-trimethylsilyl-benzaldehyde)chromium(O) complex has also emerged as an excellent substrate for highly regio- and stereoselective construction of cis-3,5-isoxazolidine derivatives in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. By taking advantage of our newly developed aldol reaction, we have succeeded in highly stereocontroled syntheses of some biologically active compounds such as C-13 side chains of taxol and taxotère, the N-terminal amino acid of nikkomycin B and Bx, and antitumor styryllactones: goniofufurone, goniotriol, and goniothalenol.

Molecular Conformation↗

PubMed1994

[Hemothorax].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Hemothorax↗

PubMed1990

65-kilodalton protein phosphorylated by interleukin 2 stimulation bears two putative actin-binding sites and two calcium-binding sites.

We have previously characterized a 65-kilodalton protein (p65) as an interleukin 2 stimulated phosphoprotein in human T cells and showed that three endopeptide sequences of p65 are present in the sequence of l-plastin [Zu et al. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 1055-1062]. In this paper, we present the complete primary structure of p65 based on the cDNA isolated from a human T lymphocyte (KUT-2) cDNA library. Analysis of p65 sequences and the amino acid composition of cleaved p65 N-terminal peptide indicated that the deduced p65 amino acid sequence exactly coincides with that of l-plastin over the C-terminal 580 residues [Lin et al. (1988) Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 4659-4668] and has a 57-residue extension at the N-terminus to l-plastin. Computer-assisted structural analysis revealed that p65 is a multidomain molecule involving at least three intriguing functional domains: two putative calcium-binding sites along the N-terminal 80 amino acid residues; a putative calmodulin-binding site following the calcium-binding region; and two tandem repeats of putative actin-binding domains in its middle and C-terminal parts, each containing approximately 240 amino acid residues. These results suggest that p65 belongs to actin-binding proteins.

Actins↗

PubMed1990

Efficient tumor suppression by glioma-specific murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes transfected with interferon-gamma gene.

We have recently shown that exogenous expression of the mouse interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) gene augmented the cell-killing potential of a line of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific against a murine glioma line (203-glioma). In the present work, we further investigated the in vivo antitumor effects of the E gamma-6 and E gamma-9 sublines of this CTL line transfected with the IFN-gamma gene. Using the Winn assay to test the neutralization of subcutaneous gliomas, we determined that these CTL sublines were more effective than the E-4 parent CTL line and that suppression of the tumor growth was dependent on the number of effector cells (CTLs). Moreover, intravenous injection of E gamma-9 cells was more effective in suppressing the tumor growth than intravenous injection of E-4 cells. These results suggest that transfection of antitumor effector cells with the IFN-gamma gene could improve the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy against cancer.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Characterization of interleukin 2 stimulated 65-kilodalton phosphoprotein in human T cells.

We have characterized the cellular proteins which are rapidly phosphorylated by interleukin 2 (IL 2) in a human IL 2 dependent cell line. When treated with IL 2, the phosphorylation of five proteins, 65, 50, 37, 24, and 21 kDa, was found in IL 2 dependent cell lines by two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis. After cell conversion from an IL 2 dependent state to an IL 2 independent state, one of the five phosphoproteins, the 65-kDa protein, became constitutively phosphorylated even without addition of IL 2. Also, in other IL 2 independent cell lines, such as KUT-2 and HUT-102, constitutive phosphorylation of the 65-kDa protein occurred without IL 2-stimulation. So our researchers were focused on biochemical characterization of the 65-kDa protein. It was found that the 65-kDa protein was one of the major cellular proteins by comparing the results of two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of [32P]Pi-labeled and [3H]leucine-labeled cellular proteins and peptide mapping analysis. Subcellular fractionation studies indicated that the 65-kDa protein is a cytosol protein. The 65-kDa protein was purified from cytosol of a human T cell line, and its amino acid composition and amino acid sequences of its three oligopeptides were determined. It was found that the 65-kDa protein is identical with 1-plastin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1990

[Work load of nursery teachers in a nursery school. Relationship between age of children and work load].

Time study of six nursery teachers of children aged 0 to 5 was conducted at a public nursery school to ascertain their work load, and the results obtained were examined from the following two viewpoints. First, comparison was made between the results obtained by the following two methods of analysis; 1) An observer recorded the work contents and the working postures of a nursery teacher at place of work in one-minute units. 2) The nursery teacher was recorded on video tape and the analysis of the work contents and the working postures was made in one-second units. Second, comparison was made between the work loads (work content, working posture, walking, lifting children and recess) of nursery teachers of children of different age group. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. The results of analysis made by the two methods of the work contents and the working postures were in good agreement. 2. The higher the age of children in the class, the longer was the cumulative time for "indoor group nurture" and the shorter was the cumulative time for "help and care for feeding", "help and care for afternoon nap" and "help and care for excretion". 3. The higher the age of children in the class, the longer was the cumulative time of "standing" in a nursery teacher and the shorter was the cumulative time of "sitting on the floor". The total time of "bending forward", "squatting" and "rising on the knee" occupied 20% of the working hours on an average and was not related clearly to the age of children. 4. The frequency of walking was not found to be related to the age of children. 5. The nursery teachers of children aged 0 and 1 lifted children much more frequently among all nursery teachers. 6. The recess away from children was rarely observed throughout the day.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1989

Primary structure and expression from complementary DNA of skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor.

The sequence of 5,037 amino acids composing the ryanodine receptor from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum has been deduced by cloning and sequencing the complementary DNA. The predicted structure suggests that the calcium release channel activity resides in the C-terminal region of the receptor molecule, whereas the remaining portion constitutes the 'foot' structure spanning the junctional gap between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the transverse tubule.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1989

Expression of proto-oncogene products during drug-induced differentiation of a neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-DZ.

Four human neuroblastoma cell lines exhibited differences in their ability to differentiate into neuron-like cells in response to three different treatments, serum deprivation, or additions of dibutyryl cyclic-AMP or retinoic acid. Expression of N-myc gene product was reduced in neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-DZ differentiated by retinoic acid as compared with untreated cells. On the contrary, expression of c-src gene product, pp60c-src, was considerably enhanced in differentiated SK-N-DZ cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins was found to be enhanced in differentiated cells. Alteration in expression of these proto-oncogene products might be important in the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells into neuron-like cells.

Bucladesine↗

PubMed1989

Detection of fos oncogene products by monoclonal antibody FO-120 in lymphoproliferative disorders.

We investigated the expression of fos oncogene proteins in lymphoproliferative disorders, using a monoclonal antibody (FO-120) that was prepared against a synthetic oligopeptide of fos protein (amino acid sequence from 127 to 152). Although peripheral blood leukocytes were rarely positive for FO-120, they were transiently stained after lectin (PHA) stimulation. After culture with IL-2 for 1 or 2 weeks, less than 40% of the lymphocytes weakly reacted with FO-120, whereas strongly positive cells were detected in more than 70% of cells in half the T-cell lines established from preleukemic state of adult T-cell leukemia (pre-ATL) and all of ATL derived T-cell lines. All in vivo specimens of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas, except for one case of T-cell lymphoma were also strongly positive. In addition, the extent of the antibody reactivity correlated with the histopathological grade of malignancy in B-cell lymphoma. The reactivity to most AILD-IBL lesions overlapped with that to T-lymphomas, and could be distinguished from that to reactive lesions. FO-120 appears to be a useful tool for detecting early neoplastic changes in lymphoproliferative disorders.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1989

Murine intracerebral interleukin-2 injection: pathological and immunological effects.

The authors have investigated whether specific pathological changes and antibodies against interleukin-2 (IL-2) are induced after intracerebral administration of recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2). In addition, IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression was checked on the cell surface of normal brain tissues before and after the intracerebral infusion. Reconstituted rIL-2 (specific activity 1.2 x 10(7) U/mg protein) was injected into the right cerebral hemisphere of normal adult C57BL/6 mice in three different dose groups, each receiving single or multiple infusions of 8, 32, or 80 U. In sham control experiments, mouse albumin purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography and adjusted to the same concentration of protein as rIL-2 was injected into mice at various doses. Anti-IL-2 antibodies were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay concurrently with assessment of IL-2 activity in serum. The IL-2R expression was determined by using immunofluorescence techniques with monoclonal antibodies against mouse IL-2R. Since histological alteration after rIL-2 injection did not differ from that in the sham control preparations, it seems that there is no direct toxic action of rIL-2 on normal brain tissues. Interleukin-2 antibodies were produced at low levels only in mice injected repeatedly at the maximum dose, and levels were insignificant in other groups. Serum levels of IL-2 activity remained low. The IL-2R expression within the brain was not enhanced within 8 weeks following the intracerebral administration of rIL-2, suggesting that direct intracerebral infusion of rIL-2 may be safely used in the immunotherapy of brain tumors.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Acute-phase response of angiotensinogen in rat adjuvant arthritis.

The plasma level of angiotensinogen during the chronic phase of inflammation was studied for comparison with those of other acute-phase reactants in rat adjuvant arthritis. In response to a single injection of Freund's complete adjuvant, this level exhibited a transient increase during the first 24 h. By contrast, increased levels of plasma T-kininogen and alpha 2-macroglobulin, typical acute-phase reactions in the rat, were maintained during the 4-week experimental period. These results suggest that the hepatic synthesis of angiotensinogen is stimulated only in the early phase of chronic inflammation, and therefore that the mechanism underlying the acute-phase response of angiotensinogen is distinct from those currently suggested for other acute-phase reactants.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗

PubMed1988

Augmentation of tumor targeting in a line of glioma-specific mouse cytotoxic T-lymphocytes by retroviral expression of mouse gamma-interferon complementary DNA.

As an initial approach to experiments directed toward effective adoptive immunotherapy for cancer using lymphokine genes, we transferred retrovirally a complementary DNA encoding mouse gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) into a specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone, designated E-4, against 203 glioma cells (a 20-methylcholanthrene-induced mouse glioma line) and confirmed the efficacy of IFN-gamma production from the exogenous gene on augmentation of tumor targeting. Of five, two gene-transferred subclones constitutively produced 8 to 10 times the amount of IFN-gamma as compared with the parental E-4. Correspondingly, these two subclones exhibited 2 to 3 times higher killing activity against 203 glioma than the parental cells; the enhancement of the killing activities was abrogated by an adequate addition of anti-IFN-gamma antibody. No alteration was seen after the gene transfer in cell surface phenotypes, Thy-1+, Lyt-1-, Lyt-2+,3+, and asialo-GM1-. The surface expression of a major histocompatibility complex Class I antigen, H-2Kb, was not altered remarkably, but the Class II antigen, I-Ab, was partially and slightly enhanced on the two IFN-gamma-producing sublines mentioned above on fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Since it is considered that in the vicinity of the constitutively IFN-gamma producing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cells tumor cells are exposed to a high concentration of IFN-gamma, the cells may be stimulated to induce or enhance the expression of surface antigens including major histocompatibility complex antigens as well as tumor-associated antigens relevant to immune recognition. The 203 glioma cells pretreated with IFN-gamma were more efficiently killed by both the parental E-4 and the gene-transferred sublines. Taken together, the results suggested that the augmented specific tumor-killing activity of our gene-transferred cytotoxic T-lymphocytes was ascribed to the constitutive production of IFN-gamma derived from the exogenous gene.

Animals↗