Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Hanada.
Synaptic contacts were found between dopaminergic neurons and substance P (SP)-immunoreactive axon terminals in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), by means of the immunoelectron microscopic mirror method. SP-immunoreactive terminals were found to make synaptic contact with VTA neurons exhibiting tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity.
Central nervous system (CNS) involvement was reviewed in 99 patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Fifteen episodes of CNS involvement developed in ten of 99 patients (10.1%); nine had leptomeningeal involvement, whereas two developed intracerebral invasion, one developed cord involvement, and one developed both. CNS involvement was more frequent in the lymphoma type than in the other types of ATLL. Nuchal rigidity was not common (33%) and a syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) occurred in association with CNS involvement (40%). Three episodes of marked hypoglycorrhachia also were noticed. The systemic progression of ATLL was the most common setting of CNS involvement (80%) and the major cause of death (80%). As for the acute and lymphoma types of ATLL, no significant difference was observed in survival between patients with and those without CNS involvement. These results indicate that CNS involvement is not an essential prognostic factor of ATLL and that it should be treated with systemic chemotherapy coupled with intrathecal chemotherapy. The control of systemic ATLL is important for the prophylaxis of CNS involvement.
The synaptic connections between histaminergic neurons and substance P (SP) afferents in the caudal magnocellular nucleus (CM) of the hypothalamus were examined using an immunoelectron microscopic mirror method. SP-immunoreactive (SP-IR) terminals made synaptic contacts with the somata, somatic spines and dendrites of histidine decarboxylase immunoreactive (HDC-IR) neurons. This suggests that SP afferents exert monosynaptic influence on the central histaminergic neuronal system.
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A 71 year old woman with hiatal herniation was admitted to our hospital with anemia and melena. A barium enema revealed hiatal herniation of the transverse colon in conjunction with the stomach, which seemed to be strangulated by the esophageal hiatus. She underwent surgery, for which Hill's gastropexy method was employed and has had no signs of bleeding since. By presenting this case, we stress the importance of marking a careful differential diagnosis due to the variability in symptoms of digestive tract bleeding.
Activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from a neuroblastoma patient by co-cultivation with autologous neuroblastoma cells in a mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell culture (A-MLTC) resulted in the generation of cytotoxic activity against the autologous neuroblastoma cell line HNB-MS. A-MLTC was set up in the presence of recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2). HNB-MS stimulator was treated with recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) prior to A-MLTC. CTL generated in short-term culture effectively lysed HNB-MS, while they had no effect on an Epstein-Barr virus transformed autologous B-cell line EB-MS. Moreover, CTL lysed 3 different allogeneic neuroblastoma cell lines, but not a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RBB. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) enhanced and suppressed CTL generation, respectively, when added to the A-MLTC from the beginning of culture. CD3+ CD4- CD8+ T cells were the major anti-tumor effectors. Furthermore, 111indium-labeled CTL clearly accumulated in metastatic sites. These results indicate that CTL can be used for adoptive immunotherapy in neuroblastoma.
The Kyusyu district is known as an endemic area of HTLV-I. But the prevalence of anti-ATLA in Saga prefecture was reportedly relatively low. In this study, in order to determine the distribution of antibody to ATL-associated antigen (anti-ATLA) in the Karatsu and Higashimatsuura districts of the northern Kyusyu, the determination of anti-ATLA status of patients in Karatsu Red Cross Hospital was carried out from September to October, 1985. Sera from 757 patients were tested for presence of anti-ATLA by Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) prepared by Eisai Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan. Results obtained are as follows: 1) Overall prevalence of anti-ATLA was 13.7 per cent (104 of 757 individuals). Prevalence of anti-ATLA increased with age, reaching a maximum of 21.1 per cent for people from 60 to 69 years old. 2) Prevalence of anti-ATLA was 9.5 per cent (36 of 376) in males and 17.8 per cent (68 of 381) in females. A significant difference by sex was recognized. (p less than 0.001) 3) The positive rates of patients with non-malignant diseases were high in the Chinzei, Hizen, and Hamatama areas facing the Sea of Genkai. The positive rate of the seaside area was significantly higher than that of the mountain area. (p less than 0.001). 4) Anti-ATLA was most prevalent in the patients with neoplasms (26.1%). The positive rate of ATL patients was 100 per cent, and that of patients with malignancies other than ATL was 25.9 per cent. These results suggest that HTLV-I infection is likely to increase the incidence of other types of malignancy.
We found a new inhibitor of mammalian DNA topoisomerase I, named topostin, from a bacterial culture. The bacteria was identified as Flexibacter topostinus sp. nov., B-572. Morphological and physiological characteristics, and utilization of sugars were examined. Comparison of the strain with known species of the genus Flexibacter was made and indicates that the strain is a new species of the genus Flexibacter. The bacteria produced the inhibitor in parallel with their growth up to 72 hours.
We describe the isolation of inhibitors of mammalian DNA topoisomerase I, named topostins, from a culture broth of Flexibacter topostinus sp. nov. and some properties of the inhibitors. Topostins A1, A2 and B were isolated by differential solubility in solvents, adsorption chromatography on silica gel and gel filtration on a Sephadex LH-20 column. Topostins A1, A2 and B had specific activities of 4,700, 16,000 and 22,000 U/mg, respectively. The most active metabolite topostin B comprised two components with MW of 567 and 553 in an equimolar ratio.
A 51-year-old woman manifested with complaints of an abdominal mass 5 years after colectomy. In comparison with the cases previously reported, this desmoid had lower CT value (20-30 HU), and more vascularity with neovascularization on angiography. These findings seem to reflect the characteristic of much cellularity and malignancy of the desmoid.
Reported is the case of a 58-year-old male who visited our hospital with the chief complaint of anorexia. Diagnosed as having an esophageal cancer, a subtotal esophagectomy was performed including the dissection of the tumor. According to the surgical findings, the tumor was not exposed to the tunica externa and no lymph node metastasis or infiltration to the pleura or a metastasis to the lung or liver was note. On histopathological examination a basal cell carcinoma of esophagus was determined but no squamous epithelium was seen. The carcinoma was the muscular propria, and neither infiltration into the epithelium nor invasion into the vessels was noted. The postoperative progress appeared good, however seven months later the patient died from multiple hepatic metastasis.
A 68-year-old man was admitted to hospital because of nausea and vomiting. Examination of the upper digestive tract led to a total gastrectomy. A histopathological examination revealed a Borrmann type 3 advanced cancer in the prepyloric antrum that showed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Found on the anterior wall of the middle corpus was an advanced cancer, mimicking a type IIc early cancer, that was poorly differentiated with dispersed signet ring cells. Between these two advanced cancers, another superficially extended cancer, consisting of a type IIa and IIb early cancer, was found. The type IIa cancer, located on the posterior wall of the angle, was a papillary adenocarcinoma and the type IIb cancer on the lesser curvature of the antrum was moderately differentiated. Therefore this patient displayed not only a type IIa and a type IIb cancer, but also a Borrmann type 3 cancer and an advanced cancer, mimicking type IIc, that were linked into one large lesion. Although the present case was not determined as being a multiple gastric cancer, it suggests the likelihood of a multicentric generation, growth, and extension of synchronous multiple cancers, in view of the variety of macroscopic and histopathological findings presented.
We examined the immunological parameters in two patients who were assisted with LVAD in postoperative LOS. Both patients demonstrated transient consumption of complements immediately after running the LVAD. The serum concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) showed no significant decrease. Both patients had significant postoperative lymphopenia, but recovered in a week. A decrease in the number of T cells was observed in both patients. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio initially increased in one patient, but gradually declined postoperatively. In the other patient, the OKT4/OKT8 ratio decreased. The lymphocyte response to mitogen (PHA) remained significantly depressed when the number of lymphocytes returned to the normal level, suggesting that the lymphocytes were functionally impaired. Such findings are generally observed after cardiac surgery. Thus, LVAD does not affect the immune response.
A case of Takatsuki disease, 57-year-old male associated with monoclonal IgA, lambda-type immunoglobulin was treated with recombinant alpha-interferon daily by intramuscular injection with an initial dose of 3 X 10(6) U/day. Four weeks later, gynecomastia was improved and breast pain disappeared. Increases of cholesterol from 84 mg/dl to 135 mg/dl and cholinesterase from 0.24 delta pH to 0.48 delta pH were observed, 8 weeks later. Though, there was no reduction in serum M protein, no decrease in the number of bone marrow tumor cell and no restoration of muscle atrophy and polyneuropathy. No predominant side effect was observed. We conclude that rIFN alpha has a some potential role in the treatment of Takatsuki disease and additional chemotherapy should be considered. Significance of the therapy against Takatsuki disease was discussed.
We investigated the intraocular penetration of a new Cephem type antibiotic: Cefuzonam sodium (CZON) following intravenous and subconjunctival injection. CZON was administered to 28 eyes in 26 patients by 1 g intravenous injection (IV) and to 11 eyes in 10 patients by 20 mg/0.2 ml subconjunctival injection (SCI). The penetration level of CZON by the IV method was from less than 0.0025-3.35 micrograms/ml into aqueous humor, from less than 0.0025-0.315 microgram/mg into iris tissue and 2.7-157.5 micrograms/ml into serum. The penetration level of CZON by the SCI method was from less than 0.0025-12.8 micrograms/ml into aqueous humor, from less than 0.0025-0.0426 microgram/mg into iris tissue and 1.03-18.5 micrograms/ml into serum. The penetration level of CZON into aqueous humor by SCI was higher than by IV administration. In comparison with the penetration level of CZON and Cefotiam (CTM), both aqueous humor and serum levels of CTM were higher than those of CZON. These results suggested that therapeutic levels in aqueous humor effective against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens were achieved with the 1 g IV and 20 mg SCI of CZON. However levels effective against Staphylococcus epidermidis were only erratically attained.
The synaptic interaction was identified between histaminergic cells and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive axon terminals in the caudal magnocellular nucleus, by means of the immunoelectron microscopic mirror method. This observation suggests that NPY afferents exert monosynaptic influences upon the functioning of the central histaminergic neuronal system.
A 17 year old male with mediastinal yolk sac tumor is herein reported. His chief complaint was anterior chest pain. Chest X-ray and chest CT indicated a 8 cm diameter mass in the anterior mediastinum. Laboratory analysis revealed 2,578 ng/ml for AFP and 54% for LDH I. HCG and CEA values were normal. Yolk sac tumor was cytologically suspected on needle aspiration specimen. Combined chemotherapy with CDDP, VP16, and PEP brought the AFP and LDH 1 values down to 10 ng/ml and 27%, respectively. The diameter of the mass decreased to 6 cm. The mass was removed together with the thymus and the right upper lobe of the lung. A post operative histological examination of the mass revealed total necrosis. Nine months after the initiation of the therapy, his AFP level was within normal limits. The patient is doing well.
Effects of substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on bovine intraocular muscle tissues were studied, using isolated strips. While SP generally contracted the iris sphincter, exogenous application of SP did relax the iris sphincter muscle when its tone was highly developed. SP had no significant influence on the bovine dilator, and VIP lowered the tone of the iris muscles. The ciliary muscle tone was not altered by these peptides, but the electrically evoked response of the ciliary muscle was enhanced in the presence of VIP. These results suggest possible different roles of these trigeminal nerve-related peptides (SP, SK, VIP) on intraocular muscle tissues.