The possibilities and limitations of supercritical fluid extraction of natural products of low, medium and high polarity under very high pressure and with polar modifiers has been investigated. The medicinal herbs marigold (Calendula officinalis), hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) and chamomile (Matricaria recutita) were used as models in this study. Extraction profiles and the spectra of extractable metabolites were recorded following extraction with mixtures of carbon dioxide:ethanol of varying proportions (0-20% ethanol) and at various pressures in the range 300-689 bar. Components were identified by HPLC-PAD-MS or GC-MS and quantified by HPLC or GC as appropriate. Extraction yields under the varying conditions depended to a large extent on the profiles of secondary metabolites present in the three drugs. Whereas the extractability of lipophilic compounds increased substantially at pressures above 300 bar, the yields of polyphenolic and glycosidic compounds remained low even at 689 bar and with 20% modifier in the extraction fluid.

Calendula↗

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Plant anticancer agents, XLIII. (E,E)-7, 12-dioxo-octadeca-8, 10-dien-1-oic acid (ostopanic acid), a cytotoxic fatty acid from Ostodes Paniculata.

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Animals↗

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The incidence and clinical significance of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens.

Sera from 378 patients were assayed for antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA), ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and nonnucleoprotein (Sm). Anti-ENA antibodies were not found in control subjects, patients with rheumatic diseases and negative fluorescent antinuclear antibodies (FANA), or in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, drug-induced lupus, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), or hemolytic anemia with positive FANA. Anti-Sm antibodies were found in 32 per cent of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and were not found in any other condition. There were no significant clinical or serological differences between patients with and without anti-Sm antibodies. Anti-RNP antibodies occurred in 15 per cent of SLE patients, 9 per cent of scleroderma patients, and in 100 per cent of patients with mixed connective tissue disease. SLE patients with anti-RNP antibodies had a significantly lower anti-DNA antibody titer and a significantly lower incidence of nephritis and impaired renal function. Anti-Sm and anti-RNP titers did not vary with changes in clinical status. Awareness of the presence of anti-Sm and anti-RNP antibodies is diagnostically useful. Anti-RNP antibodies have a prognostic value as well.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Male lupus: prevalence of IgA deficiency, 7S IgM and abnormalities of reticuloendothelial system Fc-receptor function.

Serological studies conducted on sera from a group of 31 male SLE patients revealed a 32% prevalence of 7S IgM and a 9.7% prevalence of IgA deficiency. Previous reports using similar methods indicated a higher (43-50%) prevalence of 7S IgM than was found in studies involving predominantly females with SLE (15-18%), and an overall prevalence of IgA deficiency ranging from 0.95% to 4.6%. Males resembled females in the prevalence of Fc-receptor specific reticuloendothelial system dysfunction, correlating with levels of circulating immune complex-like material and disease activity.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗