Cytogenin, a novel antitumor substance.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M Hamada
Publications and source records attributed to M Hamada.
Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol kinase by toyocamycin.
We have screened toyocamycin as an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol kinase. It inhibited the enzyme of A431 cell membrane with an IC50 of 3.3 micrograms/ml. Adenosine and formycin A also inhibited the enzyme, but other 6 related nucleosides did not. Although orobol and 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde that inhibit phosphatidylinositol kinase inhibited in situ phosphatidylinositol turnover, toyocamycin did not.
1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase↗
Kijimicin, a polyether antibiotic.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
A novel nucleoside antibiotic, 5-formyloxymethyluridine.
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Animals↗
Salt appetite, body sodium, handling of a NaCl load, renin, and aldosterone in genetically and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Salt appetite, body sodium, handling of a NaCl load, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were compared in New Zealand genetically hypertensive (GH) and Japanese spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and their respective normotensive controls [normal Wistar (N) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats]. Salt appetite was increased in SHRs compared with GH, N, and WKY rats when rats were on salt-free chow and given a choice of distilled water and NaCl solution. Body sodium, measured by whole body counting, was higher in SHRs than in the other strains but did not differ among GH, N, and WKY rats. The rate of excretion of a NaCl load was not increased in GH rats and was slightly increased in SHRs only when on a very low NaCl intake. PRA and PAC (radioimmunoassay) were lower in SHRs than in GH, N, and WKY rats. PAC had a significant negative correlation with body sodium across the four strains. There is no evidence of any abnormality in sodium regulation in GH rats. However, the SHRs have an increased salt appetite and an increased body sodium even when sodium intake is limited; PRA and PAC appear to have responded appropriately to the increased body sodium.
Aldosterone↗
Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from two strains of genetically hypertensive rats.
The growth curves of aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and their normotensive controls, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, and genetically hypertensive (GH) rats and their normotensive outbred controls (N) were compared. The proportion of cells in the various phases of the cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. SHR cells showed significantly shorter doubling time than WKY rat cells, but doubling times for GH and N rats did not differ and were nearly the same as for SHRs. SHRs showed significantly greater proportion of S-phase (DNA-synthesizing) cells compared to WKY rat cells in the exponential growth phase. No significant difference was observed between GH and N rats in the proportion of cells in other phases of the cell cycle. GH and N rat cells stopped dividing in fetal calf serum (FCS)-free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), whereas SHR and WKY rat cells continued to progress through the cell cycle in serum-free DMEM. The responses of FCS-deprived-arrested cells to the addition of FCS were similar in GH and N rats. SHRs showed a prolonged increase in S-phase cells in response to FCS compared to WKY rat cells, but maximum effects were similar. Enhanced cell proliferation in SHRs is not present in the other hypertensive strain of rats and is not explained by a simple hyperresponse to FCS.
Animals↗
Analysis of left ventricular diastolic function by the pressure-volume relation in cases with idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy and amyloid restrictive cardiomyopathy.
To assess left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy (IRCM) and amyloid restrictive cardiomyopathy (ARCM), we analyzed LV cineangiograms and pressures (tip manometer) in two patients, one with IRCM and the other with ARCM. LV volume and instantaneous rate of change of volume were derived from frame-by-frame analyses of angiograms. LV relaxation was assessed by the time constant of isovolumic pressure decay. LV compliance was evaluated by the pressure-volume relationship. From these analyses, we conclude as follows: (1) In restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), LV diastolic dysfunction may be characterized by impaired relaxation and decreased compliance; (2) LV diastolic filling was minimally impaired or normal in both conditions; (3) The ventricular diastolic pressure wave form of "dip and plateau" seemed not to be a characteristic sign in RCM.
Blood Pressure↗
[Clinical evaluation of severe idiopathic tricuspid regurgitation].
This study clarified the clinical profile and echocardiographic findings of severe idiopathic tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Among 8,538 consecutive ultrasonic examinations, a total of 63 patients had severe TR, which was depicted by color flow mapping as a regurgitant signal more than 4 cm from the tricuspid valve orifice. Thirteen of the 63 patients had no underlying diseases, and these patients with severe idiopathic TR were the subjects of the present study. All 13 patients were over 66 years of age (mean 77.3 +/- 5.6 years old) and had had episodes of right heart failure which responded effectively to diuretics. All 13 patients had atrial fibrillation. Using two-dimensional echocardiography, thickening (77%), prolapse (69%) and malaligned coaptation (54%) of the tricuspid valves were observed. The tricuspid annular diameters, cross-sectional areas of the right and left atria and the right ventricular end-diastolic dimensions were significantly greater than those of the age-and-gender-matched lone atrial fibrillation group and the normal control group (p less than 0.01). The left ventricular dimension and ejection fraction did not differ from those of the matched lone atrial fibrillation group. Other valvular regurgitations were also detected (AR 77%, MR 100%, PR 69%), but the degrees of regurgitation were minimal. We proposed severe TR with tricuspid annular dilatation, right atrial and right ventricular dilatation observed in the aged as a distinct cardiac disease entity.
Aged↗
Characterization of magnesium dependent adenosine 5'-triphosphatase in bovine brain cytoplasmic dynein.
The Mg2(+)-ATPase activity of cytoplasmic dynein isolated from bovine brain was examined in the absence of microtubules. Cytoplasmic dynein in the absence of microtubules showed Mg2(+)-ATPase activity with two distinct Km values, 272 microM and 11.8 microM. The initial burst of Pi liberation, which was due to occurrence of slow decomposition of reaction intermediate, was 0.67 mol per mol of cytoplasmic dynein. These results indicate that Mg2(+)-ATPase reaction of cytoplasmic dynein in the absence of microtubules is similar to that of flagellar and ciliary dyneins which have been shown not to hydrolyze ATP via a single pathway.
Animals↗
[A basal cell carcinoma of the esophagus--a case report].
Reported is the case of a 58-year-old male who visited our hospital with the chief complaint of anorexia. Diagnosed as having an esophageal cancer, a subtotal esophagectomy was performed including the dissection of the tumor. According to the surgical findings, the tumor was not exposed to the tunica externa and no lymph node metastasis or infiltration to the pleura or a metastasis to the lung or liver was note. On histopathological examination a basal cell carcinoma of esophagus was determined but no squamous epithelium was seen. The carcinoma was the muscular propria, and neither infiltration into the epithelium nor invasion into the vessels was noted. The postoperative progress appeared good, however seven months later the patient died from multiple hepatic metastasis.
Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
[Serial change of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial concentration in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy].
123I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is expected to be useful agent for functional evaluation of the myocardial sympathetic innervation. The aim of this paper is to investigate serial change of 123I-MIBG myocardial concentration in patients (pts) with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as compared with 201Tl uptake. Eight pts with DCM and six non-cardiac subjects (controls) were examined. After injection of 111 MBq (3mCi) 201Tl and 111 MBq (3 mCi) 123I-MIBG, simultaneous myocardial imaging in anterior view was performed for both tracers in every 30-60 minutes during 5 hours (6 images). Myocardial uptake ratio per pixel to the injected dose was calculated for each tracer with background and cross-talk correction on each image. In pts with DCM, myocardial uptake ratio of 123I-MIBG did not differ significantly from that of controls. The washout of 123I-MIBG from the myocardium, however, was significantly increased in pts with DCM as compared with controls. The % decrease of the radioactivity in 3 hours was 46.9 +/- 13.8% in DCM, whereas 18.0 +/- 7.7% in controls (p less than 0.05). Especially, the decrease in the early phase (less than 1 hour) was significantly larger in DCM than controls (21.2 +/- 7.5% vs 5.3 +/- 4.0%, p less than 0.01). For 201Tl, on the other hand, neither uptake ratio nor washout rate, differed significantly between the two. In conclusion, the rapid washout of 123I-MIBG in the early phase may reflect some sympathetic dysfunction in pts with DCM.
3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
[A diffuse, pleural, malignant mesothelioma kept in long remission by chemotherapy combining pirarubicin and cisplatin].
Reported is the case of a 66-year-old male with a diffuse, pleural, malignant mesothelioma that has been successfully treated by combining cisplatin and doxorubicin. The patient received 100 mg of cisplatin and 50 mg of doxorubicin every 5 weeks, after which a regression of the tumor and a pleural effusion decrease was observed. After partial remission was achieved, the dosage was changed to 50 mg of cisplatin and 50 mg of pirarubicin on a five-week cycle. This led to a partial remission of two-years duration and the abatement of a doxorubicin-induced alopecia. The authors thus have concluded that a combined therapy of doxorubicin and cisplatin is effective for treating a malignant mesothelioma, and that pirarubicin is superior to doxorubicin with reference to side effects.
Aged↗
[A 38-year-old survivor with complete transposition of the great arteries].
A 38-year-old woman with complete transposition of the great arteries (CTGA) was reported. She was admitted to Ehime University Hospital because of dyspnea on effort. She was diagnosed as CTGA with large ventricular septal defect (VSD) and pulmonary stenosis (PS) by magnetic resonance imaging. Survivors above 30 years of age are very rare in CTGA. The reason why this patient is still alive at the age of 38 seems to be due to PS that decreases pulmonary vascular resistance and VSD that mixes blood gas appropriately in the ventricle.
Adult↗
[A case of surgical treatment of multiple bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in a senile patient].
A 65-year-old woman was admitted with exertional dyspnea. She had a history of syncopal attack and cerebral infarction. On admission, her chest radiography ++ revealed two mass shadows in the right upper and lower fields. Pulmonary angiography and right heart catheterization were performed. Six arteriovenous fistulas in the right lung and five in the left were observed. The percent of R-L shunt was 51.5%. Because of exertional dyspnea, large shunt and history of cerebrovascular disorders, excision resection of two fistulas in right upper and middle lobes and right lower lobectomy were performed. Her symptoms improved and the percent of the R-L shunt markedly decreased after the operation. There is no sign of enlargement in size of the remaining arteriovenous fistulas.
Age Factors↗
[Effects of contrast media on left ventricular function. Comparison with iohexol and diatrizoate].
To investigate the effects of a low-osmolar nonionic (Iohexol: I) and a high osmolar ionic contrast media (Diatrizoate: D) on left ventricular (LV) function after left ventriculography (LVG), we studied 19 patients with coronary artery disease (I: 9 cases, D: 10 cases) during diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The first LVG was performed by injecting 40 ml of I or D at a rate of 12 ml/sec, measuring simultaneous LV pressure with a catheter tip manometer (Millar instruments). At 4 minutes after the first LVG, we repeated hemodynamic measurements and LVG. Single-plane volumes (RAO 30 degrees) were calculated every 20 msec (50 frame/sec) using the area-length method. LV systolic function was estimated by ejection fraction (EF), ratio of end-systolic pressure to end-systolic volume (ESP/ESV) and maximal (+)dP/dt. LV relaxation was assessed by the time constant (T) of LV pressure decay. LV diastolic compliance was evaluated by the diastolic pressure-volume (PV) relationship. Results. 1. LV end-diastolic pressure and volume were augmented more significantly in D than in I group, probably due to the difference of their osmolarity. 2. EF increased in D group with increase of LV preload after the first LVG, but didn't change in I group. ESP/ESV and maximal(+)dP/dt were not changed after the first LVG in both groups. 3. LV isovolumic relaxation remained unchanged with I and D. 4. LV diastolic PV relation curve shifted upward more in D than I group. We conclude that Iohexol has less influences on LV function than Diatrizoate and may be used in high risk patients.
Contrast Media↗
Studies on adenosine triphosphate transphosphorylases. XVIII. Synthesis and preparation of peptides and peptide fragments of rabbit muscle ATP-AMP transphosphorylase (adenylate kinase) and their nucleotide-binding properties.
Two peptide fragments, derived from the head and tail of rabbit muscle myokinase, were found to possess remarkable and specific ligand-binding properties (Hamada et al., 1979). By initiating systematic syntheses and measurements of equilibrium substrate-binding properties of these two sets of peptides, or portions thereof, which encompass the binding sites for (a) the magnesium complexes of the nucleotide substrates (MgATP2- and MgADP-) and (b) the uncomplexed nucleotide substrates (ADP3- and AMP2-) of rabbit muscle myokinase, some of the requirements for binding of the substrates to ATP-AMP transphosphorylase are being deduced and chemically outlined. One requirement for tight nucleotide binding appears to be a minimum peptide length of 15-25 residues. In addition, Lys-172 and/or Lys-194 may be involved in the binding of epsilon AMP. The syntheses are described as a set of peptides corresponding to residues 31-45, 20-45, 5-45, and 1-45, and a set of peptides corresponding to residues 178-192, 178-194, and 172-194 of rabbit muscle adenylate kinase. The ligand-binding properties of the first set of synthetic peptides to the fluorescent ligands: epsilon MgATP/epsilon ATP and epsilon MgADP/epsilon ADP are quantitatively presented in terms of their intrinsic dissociation constants (K'd) and values of N (maximal number of moles bound per mole of peptide); and compared with the peptide fragment MT-I (1-44) obtained from rabbit muscle myokinase (Kuby et al., 1984) and with the native enzyme (Hamada et al., 1979). In addition, the values of N and K'd are given for the second set of synthetic peptides to the fluorescent ligands epsilon AMP and epsilon ADP as well as for the peptide fragments MT-XII(172-194) and CB-VI(126-194) (Kuby et al., 1984) and, in turn, compared with the native enzyme. A few miscellaneous dissociation constants which had been derived kinetically are also given for comparison (e.g., the Ki for epsilon AMP and the value of KMg epsilon ATP obtained for the native enzyme) (Hamada and Kuby, 1978), and the K'd measured for Cr3+ ATP [corrected] and the synthetic peptide I1-45 (Fry et al., 1985b).
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
Axonal transport in mdx mouse sciatic nerve.
Anterograde and retrograde flows of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in sciatic nerves of adult mdx mice were compared with those of normal mice. Specific molecular forms of AChE were resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography such that slow anterograde (G1 + G2), fast anterograde and fast retrograde (G4 and A12) flows could be simultaneously studied. Although we found no difference in the total AChE activity and the molecular forms in non-ligated nerves between mdx and the normal mice, ligated nerves showed significant differences. The total AChE activity accumulated at the proximal segment of ligated nerve was higher in mdx mice than in normal mice after 24 h ligation. The G1 + G2 molecular forms were accumulated more in the proximal segment of mdx than the normal. A12, on the other hand, was more abundant in both segments of mdx mice than the normal. No statistically significant difference in the accumulated amount of G4 molecular form was present between mdx and the normal mice at either proximal or distal segment. These results indicated that axonal flow in sciatic nerve likely plays a role in muscle regeneration, and that the transport machinery in dystrophin-deficient mdx neuron is probably normal.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
Arthroscopic follow-up of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using allogeneic tendon.
We have made a long-term arthroscopic study of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions using cryopreserved allogeneic tendon in 49 knees. Not only the reconstructed ACL itself, but also the entire joints were arthroscopically evaluated from 18 through 59 months postoperatively. Physical examinations at the arthroscopic follow-up revealed that Lachman's sign was negative in 45 and mildly positive in 4 patients and that the pivot-shift sign was negative in 46 and mildly positive in 3 patients. ACL grafts did not show any biodegradation with time but maintained a thick and viable appearance, although 3 of the taut ones showed partial necrosis in the anterolateral part. Fibrillation of the patellofemoral articular surface was commonly found, although no patients complained of anterior knee pain. Degenerative changes were usually found in those patients who had resumed strenuous activity without their menisci being intact. Follow-up arthroscopy was useful for monitoring the overall structures inside the post-operative knees, enabling us to persuade the patients to regulate their activity on the basis of objective evidence.
Adult↗