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Biomedical subjects

M H Stone

Publications and source records attributed to M H Stone.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The structure of Yalom's Curative Factors Scale.

Factor analysis was used to evaluate the short form of Yalom's Curative Factors Scale with data from 372 participants in the 1986 American Group Psychotherapy Association Institute Groups. With the data randomly assigned to three subgroups, results showed 10 scale items loading on three factors across all three subgroups. When the data was organized into two self-selected subgroups corresponding to the two Institute group categories, factor analyses showed the first factor to be consistent with the previous analyses, but other factors showed differences interpreted to be characteristic of the two groups' modalities. The study suggests a framework for understanding the concept of therapeutic factors and how they work together.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Endocrine responses to overreaching before and after 1 year of weightlifting.

Nine elite male junior weightlifters (mean age 17.6 +/- 0.3 yrs) performed weightlifting tests before (Test 1) and after (Test 2) 1 week of increased training volume (overreaching) and repeated the protocol after 1 year of their training program. Strength increased by Year 2 (p < 0.05) but did not change during either week of increased training volume. The 1-week overreaching stimulus resulted in attenuated exercise-induced testosterone concentrations during Year 1, but augmented exercise-induced testosterone concentrations during Year 2. Testosterone concentrations at 7 a.m. decreased for only Year 1. For both years, the 1-week overreaching stimulus increased cortisol at 7 a.m, indicative of the increased training volumes. Testosterone/cortisol was not affected by increased training volume for either year. One year of chronic weightlifting and prior exposure to the overreaching stimulus appears to decrease the detrimental effects of stressful training on the endocrine system.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1994

Characterologic subtypes of the borderline personality disorder. With a note on prognostic factors.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD), as defined by DSM, is heterogeneous with respect to the array of the personality traits patients may exhibit. Thus, the characterology of BPD admits of many subtypes. From the standpoint of DSM-Axis II, BPD is almost always associated with a complex personality pattern that meets criteria for several other Axis II disorders--which may then be viewed as characterologic subtypes. Usually these will be from the same "dramatic cluster" to which BPD itself belongs; namely, histrionic, narcissistic, or antisocial. But any of the Axis II disorders may be found in conjunction with BPD, "schizoid" being the rarest accompaniment. The Kraepelinian temperaments (depressive, manic, irritable, cyclothymic) constitute another set of subtypes. There is prognostic significance to these diagnostic subdivisions. Irritable and antisocial types predict poor outcome. The poorest prognosis results when antisociality is admixed with psychopathy. Obsessive-compulsive traits, especially self-discipline and orderliness, are associated with good outcome. A number of individual personality traits are found with especial frequency in BPD and may be viewed as finer-scale subtypes. Their presence influences the direction in which therapeutic efforts must be directed and also affects long-term outcome. These traits include mercurial, unreasonable, infantile, volatile, demanding, and going-to-extremes. In general, the nature and intensity of all the traits relevant to each BPD patient (especially those that are "offensive" or socially alienating), and the balance between negative and positive traits, account for much of the variance in ultimate response to treatment and in eventual outcome.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Endocrine and performance responses to high volume training and amino acid supplementation in elite junior weightlifters.

To examine the effects of 1 week of high volume weightlifting and amino acid supplementation, 28 elite junior male weightlifters received either amino acid (protein) or lactose (placebo) capsules using double-blind procedures. Weightlifting test sessions were performed before and after 7 days of high volume training sessions. Serum concentrations of testosterone (Tes), cortisol (Cort), and growth hormone (GH) as well as whole blood lactate (HLa) were determined from blood draws. Lifting performance was not altered for either group after training, although vertical jump performance was not altered for either group after training, although vertical jump performance decreased for both groups. Both tests elicited significantly elevated exercise-induced hormonal and HLa concentrations. Significant decreases in postexercise hormonal and HLa concentrations from Test 1 to Test 2 were observed for both groups. Tes concentrations at 7 a.m. and preexercise decreased for both groups from Test 1 to Test 2, while the placebo group exhibited a decreased 7 a.m. Tes/Cort. These data suggest that amino acid supplementation does not influence resting or exercise-induced hormonal responses to 1 week of high volume weight training, but endocrine responses did suggest an impending over-training syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Paradoxes in the management of suicidality in borderline patients.

The risk of completed suicide in DSM-III borderline patients (BPD) equals that of manic-depressive patients. But BPD patients are also notorious for making manipulative suicide threats and gestures--"false positives" that do not foretell of imminent danger of death. BPD patients will often engage in deceitful, paradoxical behavior, attempting to make a fool of the therapist (often seen transferentially as a disparaged parent on whom the patients seeks revenge) either by escalating to serious suicidality, if a threat is not adequately heeded, or by angry criticism, if the therapist insisted on hospitalizing (as though such intervention were quite unnecessary). To deal effectively with such paradoxical behavior, therapists need to develop ever better "risk-thermostats" (in effect, "street smarts") for parrying the patients' thrusts: when to go out of one's way to be helpful, when to put responsibility on these patients, when to hospitalize, etc. There are no convenient algorithms to simplify the task. The ultimate choice of intervention shares aspects with chaos theory and weather prediction, and is sensitively dependent on initial conditions and on the idiosyncrasies and peculiarities of each member of the therapist-patient dyad. A number of general guidelines are offered in the paper, along with several illustrative cases.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1993

Long-term outcome in personality disorders.

Personality disorders meeting DSM or ICD criteria represent the severe end of the broad spectrum of personality configurations involving maladaptive traits. The literature regarding long-term outcome of personality disorders is sparse. Most attention is devoted to formerly institutionalised patients with borderline, antisocial, or schizotypal disorders. Borderline patients at 10-25-year follow-up have a wide range of outcomes, from clinical recovery (50-60%) to suicide (3-9%). Certain factors (e.g. artistic talent) conduce to higher recovery rates, others (e.g. parental cruelty) to lower rates. Schizoid and schizotypal patients tend to remain isolated, and to lead marginal lives. The long-term outcome in antisocial persons is bleak if psychopathic traits are prominent. Personality traits and their corresponding disorders are egosyntonic, harden into habit, and are both slow to change and hard to modify. There is no one treatment of choice. Psychoanalysis and related methods work best within the anxious/inhibited group; cognitive/behavioural techniques are well suited to the disorders requiring limit setting and the amelioration of maladaptive habits.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Reduction of postoperative blood loss after press-fit condylar knee arthroplasty with use of a femoral intramedullary plug.

In a prospective study of eighty press-fit condylar knee arthroplasties performed with cement, we compared the postoperative blood loss in forty patients in whom the defect left by the femoral intramedullary alignment rod had been left open with the blood loss in forty patients in whom the defect had been closed with a plug of cement. The patients in the open-defect group had significantly more blood loss (mean, 1002 milliliters) in the first twenty-four hours after the operation than the closed-defect group (mean, 752 milliliters) (p < or = 0.01). The total postoperative blood loss was also significantly greater in the open-defect group (mean, 1536 milliliters) than in the closed-defect group (mean, 1215 milliliters) (p = 0.02).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Bone mineral density in elite junior Olympic weightlifters.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of bone mineral density (BMD) to muscular strength in highly trained young male athletes in order to gain insights concerning the influence of heavy resistance training on BMD. Twenty-five elite junior weightlifters (age, 17.4 +/- 1.4 yr) and 11 age-matched controls (16.9 +/- 1.1 yr) volunteered for this investigation. Measurements of BMD (g.cm-2) utilizing dual energy x-ray absorptiometry were obtained for the lumbar spine (L2-4) and the proximal femur (neck; trochanter, Ward's triangle). The BMD values for the junior lifters were found to be significantly greater at all sites for the junior weightlifters compared with their age-matched control group. The BMD values of the spine and femoral neck of the junior weightlifters when compared with adult reference data (i.e., 20-39 yr old men) were found to be significantly greater. Both simple and multiple regression analyses demonstrated significant relationships of BMD with strength accounting for 30-65% of the variance. These data suggest that in elite junior weightlifters, muscle strength, highly specific to the sport of weightlifting, has a major influence on BMD due to the influence of the chronic overloads experienced in training.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

Magnetic resonance imaging determination of left ventricular mass: junior Olympic weightlifters.

The relationship between left ventricular mass (LVM) and peak VO2 in junior elite Olympic-style weightlifters and sedentary subjects was investigated. Ten male weightlifters (mean +/- SE, age = 17.5 +/- 0.4 yr, wt = 72.9 +/- 3.3 kg) and 15 sedentary males (age = 18.8 +/- 0.4 yr, wt = 69.6 +/- 2.0 kg) served as subjects. Peak VO2 was measured using a continuous, incrementally loaded bicycle ergometry protocol. LVM was measured using magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Absolute peak VO2 was not significantly different (P > or = 0.05) between the weightlifters and the control subjects (3.5 +/- 0.1 vs 3.3 +/- 0.11.min-1). Absolute LVM (g) was significantly (P < or = 0.05) correlated to absolute peak VO2 (1.min-1) in the weightlifters (r = 0.723), but not in the control subjects. No other correlations between LVM in absolute or normalized by body weight, body surface area, or fat free mass terms, and absolute peak or normalized by body weight peak VO2 were significant. The weightlifters absolute LVM was significantly greater (P < or = 0.05) than that of the controls (208.1 +/- 10.0 vs 179.7 +/- 8.4 g). LVM normalized by body weight and body surface area but not by fat free mass, was significantly greater (P < or = 0.05) in the weightlifters than the control subjects. These data indicate that LVM in junior elite weightlifters is greater than that of control subjects and absolute LVM is related to absolute peak VO2 in weightlifters but not control subjects.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

Acute hormonal responses in elite junior weightlifters.

To date, no published studies have demonstrated resistance exercise-induced increases in serum testosterone in adolescent males. Furthermore, few data are available on the effects of training experience and lifting performance on acute hormonal responses to weightlifting in young males. Twenty-eight junior elite male Olympic-style weightlifters (17.3 +/- 1.4 yrs) volunteered for the study. An acute weightlifting exercise protocol using moderate to high intensity loads and low volume, characteristic of many weightlifting training sessions, was examined. The exercise protocol was directed toward the training associated with the snatch lift weightlifting exercise. Blood samples were obtained from a superficial arm vein at 7 a.m. (for baseline measurements), and again at pre-exercise, 5 min post-, and 15 min post-exercise time points for determination of serum testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, plasma beta-endorphin, and whole blood lactate. The exercise protocol elicited significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) increases in each of the hormones and whole blood lactate compared to pre-exercise measures. While not being significantly older, subsequent analysis revealed that subjects with greater than 2 years training experience exhibited significant exercise-induced increases in serum testosterone from pre-exercise to 5 min post-exercise (16.2 +/- 6.2 to 21.4 +/- 7.9 nmol.l-1), while those with less than or equal to 2 years training showed no significant serum testosterone differences. None of the other hormones or whole blood lactate appear to be influenced by training experience.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Performance measures, blood lactate and plasma ammonia as indicators of overwork in elite junior weightlifters.

The effects of short-term overwork on performance measures, blood lactate, and plasma ammonia concentrations were examined in 28 elite junior weightlifters who participated in a 2 wk high volume resistance training camp. Performance testing (maximum effort vertical jump test and snatch lift) and blood chemistry analyses (ammonia and lactate) were conducted before (T1) and after (T2) 7 d of high volume training (2-3 workouts/d). Blood samples were collected from an antecubital vein at rest, preexercise, 5 min postexercise, and 15 min postexercise at T1 and T2. Results indicated a significant decrease from T1 to T2 in the maximum effort vertical jump test while the snatch lift test yielded no difference across time. Blood lactate and ammonia concentrations were significantly lower at 5 min postexercise at T2 while resting ammonia concentrations were significantly elevated at T2 compared to corresponding measures at T1. These data suggest possible early symptoms of overwork at T2 (decrease in performance of the maximum effort vertical jump test and the elevated resting ammonia concentrations); however, lower 5 min postexercise concentrations of lactate and ammonia at T2 indicated a positive adaptation to the 1 wk high volume resistance training period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy of chromium supplementation in athletes: emphasis on anabolism.

As the biologically active component of glucose tolerance factor (GTF), the essential trace mineral chromium is now being marked to athletes. GTF potentiates insulin activity and is responsible for normal insulin function. Thus, insulin's effects on carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism are dependent upon the maintenance of adequate chromium stores. Due to excessive chromium loss and marginal chromium intake, athletes may have an increased requirement for chromium. Therefore, in some circumstances the dietary supplementation of a chromium compound may be efficacious. The restoration and maintenance of chromium stores via supplementation would promote optimal insulin efficiency, necessary for high-level athletic performance. However, potential anabolic effects of enhanced insulin function would likely be marginal, and reports of short-term anabolic increases from the supplementation of an organic chromium compound need to be confirmed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Incest, Freud's seduction theory, and borderline personality.

In the early 1890s Freud expressed the belief that many cases of hysteria had a basis in childhood incest. Later he expressed a different view, emphasizing childhood fantasies of sexual intimacies with a parent that never actually took place. Freud never totally repudiated his original seduction theory, however, maintaining to the end of his life that at least some cases of actual incest occurred and that these instances underlay certain types of psychopathology. In our era we have become aware that incest is frequently a forerunner of subsequent borderline disorders, especially in women hospitalized with borderline personality disorder (B.P.D.). All the clinical manifestations of B.P.D. can be related to the prior incest experiences.

Battered Child Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Short stem in Charnley low-friction arthroplasty--a review of 100 cases.

One hundred cases of the Charnley low-friction arthroplasties using shorter (75-110 mm) than standard length stems, both in primary and revision surgery were reviewed. The average follow up was five years and three months. Eleven had cortical thickening that could be attributed to the predicted increase in the stresses within the femoral cortex. There were no cases of cortical thickening when the stem was 100 mm or longer. One stem in the 80-84 mm group was revised for loosening. The findings suggest that other than cortical thickening, which has not progressed during the period of the follow-up, there is no need to fear the use of shorter stems if indicated for technical reasons and provided good stem fixation can be achieved.

Adult↗