Efficacy of phototherapy in prevention and management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
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Birth Weight↗
Biomedical subjects
M H Kim
Publications and source records attributed to M H Kim.
Serum carotene levels in female long-distance runners.
Hypercarotenemia has been associated with anorexia nervosa and hypothalamic amenorrhea. With the emergence of a spectrum of menstrual dysfunction, including anovulation in women runners, the hypothesis of hypothalamic amenorrhea in these patients has been formulated. Other authors have proposed exercise-associated amenorrhea to be distinct from hypothalamic amenorrhea based on endocrine profiles. Using carotene as an index test of hypothalamic amenorrhea, we have studied female long-distance runners (greater than 25 miles/week) and have found no difference in the carotene levels between ovulatory (midfollicular) and anovulatory runners. These data support other evidence that exercise-associated amenorrhea is distinct from hypothalamic amenorrhea.
Adult↗
Structural effects in reactivity and adduct formation of polycyclic aromatic epoxide and diol epoxide derivatives with DNA: comparison between 1-oxiranylpyrene and benzo[a]pyrenediol epoxide.
Reaction of 1-oxiranylpyrene (1-OP) with DNA and the structures of the covalent and noncovalent complexes formed were studied in aqueous media (5 mM phosphate buffer with 0.1 M NaCl, pH 7) by utilizing the techniques of absorption, fluorescence and linear dichroism spectroscopy in order to gain an understanding of possible structure-activity relationships for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon epoxides in tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis, and the results were compared with those obtained for the highly active benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BaPDE). Like BaPDE, 1-OP undergoes acid-catalyzed hydrolysis with the pseudo-first-order rate constant k = 4.6 X 10(-4) s-1 in the absence of DNA, which is about 10 times slower than in the case of BaPDE. In DNA solutions, this hydrolysis is catalyzed by a rapid formation of a physically bound complex of 1-OP-DNA, which subsequently undergoes either (1) hydrolysis to a diol derivative or (2) formation of a covalent adduct of 1-OP-DNA. The same value of the noncovalent binding constant (K = 4000 M-1 is obtained for both 1-OP and for BaPDE, which suggests that the pi-electron interaction between the pyrenyl moiety and the nucleic acid bases is the dominant factor in the formation of the physical complexes and that the two extra OH groups in BaPDE do not play a significant role in determining the value of the physical binding constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide↗
Severe ovarian hyperstimulation following follicular aspiration.
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Adult↗
The diurnal variations of serum prolactin levels before and during pregnancy in normal and hyperprolactinemic patients.
The pattern of 24-hour secretion of prolactin was evaluated in three normal pregnant subjects at the tenth, twenty-fourth, and thirty-sixth gestational week. A similar study was performed in three hyperprolactinemic subjects throughout the course of their gestations. The findings confirm the progressive rise in serum concentrations of prolactin throughout pregnancy in normal subjects, with a tendency to blunting of the ratio of the nighttime mean to the daytime mean ( meanss / meansa ) as pregnancy progresses. One hyperprolactinemic subject (nontumoral) followed this pattern but demonstrated blunting initially and throughout pregnancy. The other two hyperprolactinemic subjects (one tumoral and one nontumoral) demonstrated an unexpected response in that they remained unresponsive to the increasing concentrations of estradiol throughout pregnancy.
Adult↗
Polarographic catalytic hydrogen waves in aquocobalamin and methylcobalamin solutions.
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Catalysis↗
Chronic anovulation.
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Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗
Peripheral circulatory response to feeding in newborn low-birth-weight infants.
The effect of feeding on calf blood flow (CBF) was investigated in 27 preterm and 10 term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates using the venous occlusion plethysmographic method pre- and postprandially. Blood pressure and heart rate were simultaneously monitored. Feeding consisted of commercially prepared formula with average amounts of 20 ml/kg for preterm and 30 ml/kg for term SGA infants. As a group, the preterm neonates showed no significant CBF changes 1/2 h postprandially from the control value of 8.4 +/- 2.6 ml/min/100 ml (mean +/- SD). Although the difference was not statistically significant, 10 of the 27 preterm infants showed a mean CBF decrease of 9% and 17 showed no change to a slight increase immediately postprandially. These changes were followed by a 35% mean increment in CBF of all preterm infants at 2-2 1/2 h postprandially. CBF decreased in term SGA infants by 40% at 1/2 h postprandially from a control flow of 8.6 +/- 2.9 ml/min/100 ml (p less than 0.01). CBF returned to the control level 1-1 1/2 h postprandially and superseded the control value by 16% at 2-2 1/2 h. Peripheral vascular resistance varied inversely with CBF. Blood pressure and heart rate showed no significant changes. These observations indicated that unlike term infants, most preterm infants manifest no significant immediate peripheral vascular response to feeding before the onset of a hyperdynamic circulatory state. This difference was related to gestational age rather than to birth weight as term SGA infants responded like term appropriate-for-gestational-age infants. The possible mechanisms involved in these CBF changes with feeding are discussed.
Blood Circulation↗
Twenty four-hour prolactin profiles and prolactin responses to dopamine in long distance running women.
Long distance women runners have a high incidence of oligoamenorrhea. In order to study the possible role of PRL in contributing to their menstrual dysfunction, we evaluated PRL secretion in eumenorrheic (n = 7) and oligomenorrheic runners (n = 9) who averaged 25-50 miles/week, as well as nonrunning women (n = 5) during the midfollicular phase of their cycles. Serum estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, FSH, LH, TSH, and T4 were similar among the three groups. The mean 24-h +/- SE PRL concentrations between the three groups: nonrunners, 12.9 +/- 0.6 ng/ml; eumenorrheic runners, 13.5 +/- 0.4 ng/ml; and oligomenorrheic runners, 15.0 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, were not significantly different. A dopamine (DA) infusion, 0.004 micrograms/kg X min, produced physiologic serum DA levels in these subjects. The nadir of serum PRL levels during DA infusion was similar in each group, which argues against an abnormality in dopaminergic tone in the runners with menstrual dysfunction. Our findings of normal 24-h PRL secretion and appropriate PRL responses to DA in women runners with menstrual dysfunction do not support a role for PRL in this disorder.
Adolescent↗
Immunologic parameters in premature follicular depletion: T and B lymphocytes, T-cell subpopulations, cutaneous reactivity, and serum immunoglobulin concentrations.
In 13 women with premature follicular depletion (PFD) the concentration of T and B lymphocytes, T-cell subpopulation, and serum immunoglobulins was determined. Intending to study only women where no obvious cause for PFD existed, including autoimmune disease, five women were excluded because of significant titers of microsomal antibodies or antinuclear antibodies. In the remaining eight women a reduction in the percent of OKT4 (helper) lymphocytes (42.8 +/- 66 vs 50.7 +/- 3.7, P less than 0.005), the ratio of OKT4/OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) lymphocytes (0.96 +/- 0.27 vs 1.6 +/- 0.25, P less than 0.001), and serum concentration of IgA (124 +/- 53 vs 210 +/- 81.5 mg/dl, P less than 0.01) were found compared to a control population. The concentration of T and B lymphocytes, IgG, IgM, and the cutaneous reactivity to mumps and candida antigens were similar in the two populations. It is hypothesized that a mild immune deficiency may predispose to PFD.
Antibodies↗
The effect of estrogen on monoamine systems in the fetal rat brain.
The effect of a pharmacologic dose of estrogen on brain monoamine systems in the rat fetus was determined using a semiquantitative measure of histofluorescence. Pregnant rats received a subcutaneous injection of cottonseed oil alone or estradiol (E2) in cottonseed oil just before the monoamine systems began to develop. The fetuses were delivered abdominally and killed on day 22 of gestation. A study of four major monoamine areas of the brain with a glyoxilic acid preparation showed that intrauterine exposure to E2 has a significant effect on the monoamine organization of the fetal hypothalamus. No treatment effects were noted in the areas of locus coeruleus, substantia nigra and corpus striatum. The litter sizes of the E2-treated rats and the body weights of the fetuses were much lower than those of the control group. The effect of E2 on monoamine distribution in the fetal hypothalamus may explain the reported disturbances of reproductive function and sexual behavior seen after perinatal exposure to high doses of estrogen in humans.
Animals↗
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism.
Etiologic factors in hypergonadotropic hypogonadism are discussed. On the basis of these data a classification system is proposed for women with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism to be used in future investigations of the natural history of this disorder. The classification system can also be used in attempts at therapeutic intervention in these women. Recommendations for clinical management and future studies of women with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism are provided.
Adult↗
M13 vectors for selective cloning of sequences specifying initiation of DNA synthesis on single-stranded templates.
M13 cloning vectors have been developed for the selection of DNA sequences capable of directing initiation of DNA synthesis on single-stranded templates. These vectors are derived from viable M13 mutants containing large deletions in the region of the complementary strand origin. The deletion mutants are defective in the conversion of viral single strands to the duplex replicative form (SS leads to RF) both in vivo and in vitro, give a reduced phage yield and form turbid plaques. A receptor site for foreign single strand initiation determinants has been introduced into the mutants by the insertion of EcoRI linker sequences at the deletion sites. Specific cloned sequences from bacteriophage G4 RF and from Co1E1 DNA restore a clear plaque type and normal phage growth. Selection of clear-plaque isolates obtained by transfection with RF from one of these vectors, M13 delta E101, carrying inserted Co1E1 HaeIII fragments resulted in the selective cloning of one specific fragment, the HaeIII-E fragment. Insertion of either the H or L strand of the HaeIII-E fragment into the M13 delta E101 viral strand gives a clear plaque phenotype, indicating the presence of initiation determinants on both the H- and L-strands of the Co1E1 HaeIII-E fragment. These cloning vectors provide a new means for the functional dissection of replication origins and for the identification of DNA sequences that determine the enzymatic mechanism of discontinuous synthesis along the length of the bacterial chromosome. The ability to assess initiation capability on the basis of plaque morphology also provides a means for rapid genetic analysis of initiation determinants.
Base Sequence↗
Evidence that chorion-decidual prolactin release is calcium dependent.
The regulation of PRL release from chorion-decidual explants was evaluated in organ cultures. Agents previously shown to stimulate pituitary release in vitro (TRH, theophylline, estradiol, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) were all without effect on chorion-decidual PRL release. Media free of calcium, however, resulted in 44% decreased chorion-decidual PRL release. Conversely, 2.5 mM CaCl2 produced a 64% increase in PRL release (P less than 0.01). Also, calcium chelation with EGTA (0.125-1.0 mM) produced a dose-related decrease in chorion-decidual PRL release. This decrease was greatest at 1.0 mM (P less than 0.01), being 56% of control. In contrast, the calcium-calmodulin complex inhibitor trifluoperazine (10 micrometers) did not significantly alter chorion-decidual PRL release. These studies and previous report in the literature suggest that different control mechanisms govern pituitary and chorion-decidual PRL release; however, an exception appears to be a common role for calcium.
Calcium↗
Serum lipoprotein responses during active and stable weight reduction in reproductive obese females.
An increase in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and a reduction in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) accompany weight reduction in obese males. In contrast, obese females have had variable responses in these two lipoproteins after weight reduction. To evaluate the effects of weight reduction in obese women, 15 morbidly obese eugonadotropic women of reproductive age had serum lipids and lipoproteins measured before and after achieving a stable and reduced weight by either diet and/or a gastric stapling procedure. Total testosterone (T), free testosterone (free T), and testosterone-binding globulin serum concentrations were also determined before and after achieving a stable reduced weight to assess the role of androgens in modulating any lipoprotein changes. In 10 subjects, lipid analysis was also performed during active weight loss. Total serum triglycerides fell from 106 +/- 53 to 76 +/- 30 mg/dl during active weight loss (P less than 0.025). Total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and the LDL-C to HDL-C ratio did not change. In contrast, after achieving a stable reduced weight (mean weight reduction, 25.9 +/- 6.7 kg), HDL-C rose from 24 +/- 8 to 32 +/- 9 mg/dl (P less than 0.005). This was accompanied by a reduction in LDL-C from 145 +/- 23 to 135 +/- 30 mg/dl (P less than 0.01) and in the LDL-C to HDL-C ratio from 6.7 +/- 2.6 to 4.8 +/- 1.9 (P less than 0.001). Total triglycerides and total cholesterol were unchanged. After obtaining a stable reduced weight, testosterone-binding globulin increased and free T fell, but no significant correlation existed between the changes in androgens and the changes in lipoprotein responses. Thus, in morbidly obese women, weight reduction increases HDL-C and lowers LDL-C serum concentrations. The reduction in the LDL-C to HDL-C ratio suggests that weight loss may favorably reduce the risk of coronary artery disease in these patients. A concurrent reduction of free T with weight loss does not appear to be a major controlling influence in these lipoprotein alterations.
Adult↗
A study on school health activities through a fact-finding survey in Korea.
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Adolescent↗
Massive edema of the ovary and virilization.
Endocrine studies of a virilized adolescent patient with massive ovarian edema are reported. The histologic features of the affected ovary consisted of diffuse edematous stroma with scattered islands of lutein-like cells and no evidence of recent ovulation. Plasma concentrations of progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) in the peripheral and left ovarian veins and their ovarian-peripheral vein gradients were above the range observed during normal follicular phase. The considerable increase in the ovarian vein concentrations of both steroids observed after adrenocorticotropic hormone administration was noteworthy as a direct effect of this hormone on the ovarian synthesis of steroids has not previously been observed. Peripheral vein levels of testosterone (T) were increased. The secretion of T by the ovary was demonstrated by its elevated levels in the ovarian vein and in the ovarian-peripheral vein gradient. Unexpectedly, the levels of androstenedione in the ovarian vein were normal, suggesting an alteration in the ovarian biosynthetic pathway for the production of T. Similar findings have been observed in hirsute women with hyperthecosis ovarii. After surgery, the peripheral vein levels of 17-OHP and T returned to normal, pointing toward the ovary as their source of excess. The data indicate that stromal luteinization of the massive ovarian edema may lead to changes in normal ovarian steroidogenesis that would be responsible for the clinical manifestations of this disorder.
Adolescent↗
Bromocriptine associated with symptom exacerbation during neuroleptic treatment of schizoaffective schizophrenia.
Bromocriptine is a dopamine agonist with potential mental side effects. The authors report a case involving a patient with neuroleptic-induced remission of psychiatric symptoms in whom bromocriptine was associated with temporary exacerbation of schizophrenic symptoms. Other treatment approaches than bromocriptine are suggested for amenorrhea-galactorrhea induced by neuroleptic medication. The use of bromocriptine requires monitoring for changes in mental status.
Adult↗