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Biomedical subjects

M H Johnson

Publications and source records attributed to M H Johnson.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Hemoglobin variants and methods used for their characterization during 7 years of screening at the Center for Disease Control.

During 7 years of screening for hemoglobin variants, over 75 rare variants have been characterized. Of these, 18 were described for the first time. This report presents tabulated data regarding the structural and functional defects that were observed, information on the ethnic origin, and other special properties exhibited by these variants. The strategy and procedures for characterizing these variants are also summarized.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1980

Presence of cap structures in the messenger RNA of mouse eggs.

The presence of 5'-terminal 7-methylguanosine cap structures in the messenger RNA molecules in mouse eggs was assessed by (1) translational inhibition in a message-dependent reticulocyte cell-free system with the cap analogue 7-methylguanosine-5'-triphosphate, and (2) enzymatic removal of cap strucures with tobacco acid phosphatase followed by end-labelling with gamma-32P-ATP and polynucleotide kinase. The results suggest that the majority of mRNA molecules contain cap structures. There was no detectable difference in degree of capping in unfertilized versus fertilized egg mRNA.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Paperwork and bureaucracy.

This study explores paperwork as an inherent characteristic of bureaucratic behavior. The magnitude and scope of the federal government paperwork burden on the private sector is given particular emphasis. A theoretical model of bureaucratic behavior is developed which shows that bureaucrats employ paperwork to shift the cost of agency functions to the private sector in order to increase their perquisites of office. The model indicates that, if the private sector were compensated for the federal paperwork burden, agency employment would be smaller, as would agency output and the volume of private-sector labor expended in preparing federal forms.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1979

Amino acid transport in the unfertilized and fertilized mouse egg.

The transport of methionine into unfertilized and fertilized mouse eggs appears to involve active transport mechanisms with similar Vmax, Km, substrate specificity and independence from Na+. An exchange diffusion system with a similar amino acid specificity to the uptake system has also been found in both types of egg. An estimate of 6.5 fmol has been made for the size of the total internal pool of exchangeable amino acids.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Hemoglobin Dunn: alpha 6 (A4) aspartic acid replaced by asparagine.

Hemoglobin Dunn, alpha 6 (A4) Asp leads to Asn was found in a 39-year-old black woman and her daughter. The hematological data on the propositus were normal and there were no apparent clinical or pathological findings associated with this abnormal hemoglobin. The structural characterization of this variant is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of prolonged decompaction on the development of the preimplantation mouse embryo.

A rabbit antiserum to a mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line blocks compaction of cleaving mouse embryos. Cell division is not affected up to the 32-cell stage but intracellular junctions fail to develop. Removal of the antibody at this stage permits compaction to occur and a normal blastocyst develops. Prolonged decompaction beyond the 32-cell embryo results in an increasing proportion of malformed blastocysts in which trophectodermal cells predominate and functional inner cell mass (ICM) cells are reduced or absent. The relationship of compaction to the generation of ICM and trophectoderm lineages in the intact embryo is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Molecular differentiation of inside cells and inner cell masses isolated from the preimplantation mouse embryo.

Clusters of inside cells (ICs) were isolated immunosurgically from morulae and early cavitating blastocysts, and cultured for varying periods in vitro. The ICs responded to their changed position by transformation to a blastocyst-like vesicle and also showed a correlated synthesis of trophectodermal-marker polypeptides. Both changes were inhibited by alpha-amanitin, indicating that transcriptional events are involved in this response to changed position. Inner cell masses (ICMs), isolated immunosurgically from expanded blastocysts, did not undergo a morphological transformation to a blastocyst-like structure and did not show a corresponding and complete change in synthesis of trophectodermal-marker polypeptides. Elements of the change in polypeptide activity were, however, present, suggesting an ineffective response to position by the ICMs.

Amanitins↗
PubMed1979

Anterior orbitotomy.

A simple, safe method of treatment of the sequelae of Graves' disease involving the orbit is presented. The results in 17 cases would indicate removal of orbital fat via anterior orbitotomy is a useful adjunct in the rehabilitation of the patient with chronic ophthalmopathy. Thirty-eight cases not included in the study required additional procedures to complete their rehabilitation.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1978

Temporal and spatial patterns of the synthesis of tissue-specific polypeptides in the preimplantation mouse embryo.

Mouse embryos at different morphological stages in the transition from morula to blastocyst were analysed for the qualitative pattern of their polypeptide synthesis. The first appearance of the individual species of polypeptides specific to trophectoderm or ICM occurred progressively over this developmental period. Populations of inside cells recovered from morulae and early blastocysts synthesized those polypeptides previously shown to be characteristic of ICMs at 31/2 days, but not those characteristic of trophectoderm.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Errors remaining in unit dose carts after checking by pharmacists versus pharmacy technicians.

The accuracy of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in checking unit dose carts was compared. One-half of the unit dose patient medication drawers, for a 92-bed medicine service in a 450-bed teaching hospital, were checked by pharmacy technicians and the remaining by pharmacists. These drawers then were checked again to determine the number and type of checking errors committed by technicians and pharmacists. During the 10-day study, carts checked by pharmacists contained over twice as many errors (1.85%) as similar carts checked by technicians (0.87%). The results suggest that pharmacy technicians could probably be trained to perform the cart-checking task in unit dose drug distribution systems. Time-extended studies should be done to determine if technician performance is maintained after the novelty of the task wears off.

Drug Packaging↗
PubMed1978

Medication delivery time requirements in centralized and decentralized unit dose drug distribution systems.

Medication delivery time requirements in centralized and decentralized unit dose drug distribution systems were compared. Four stages in the receipt of medication orders and the delivery of doses were identified, and the time required to perform each stage was recorded by pharmacist observers for seven days in each system. In the centralized system, it required 138--220 minutes to deliver doses after orders were ready to be collected at the nursing station, with the time varying according to order type. The same cycle required 1--40 minutes in the decentralized system. Delays in medication delivery were shorter in the decentralized system.

Georgia↗