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Biomedical subjects

M Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to M Gupta.

522 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of rofecoxib on antihypertensive effects of candesartan in experimental models of hypertension.

Given the high prevalence of hypertension, concomitant use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antihypertensive medications is commonly encountered in clinical practice. The present study was designed to study the effect of indomethacin, nimesulide, and rofecoxib on blood pressure (BP) in normotensive and hypertensive rats and also to investigate the effect of rofecoxib on BP control in candesartan-treated hypertensive rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were divided into three groups: control, DOCA-hypertensive, and L-NAME-hypertensive rats. All the rats were given indomethacin (15 mg/kg body weight), nimesulide (20 mg/kg body weight), rofecoxib (10 mg/kg body weight), or vehicle orally and daily for 6 weeks. Hypertensive rats in separate groups were treated with either candesartan (1 mg/kg body weight) alone or a combination of candesartan (1 mg/kg body weight) and rofecoxib (10 mg/kg body weight) orally and daily for 6 weeks. BP measurements were performed using tail cuff method at baseline and 1-week intervals throughout the treatment period. All the three COX inhibitors resulted in increase in BP, but mean change in BP was the highest with rofecoxib. Rofecoxib-treated L-NAME-hypertensive rats exhibited a significant increase in mean arterial pressure at 6 weeks (168.3+/-5.7 mmHg) as compared with DOCA-hypertensive rats (128.818+/-7.2 mmHg). Administration of Rofecoxib L-NAME-hypertensive rats treated with candesartan resulted in a significant increase in BP. Systolic BP at 0 week (107.0+/-4.2 mmHg) rose to 141.6+/-2.0 mmHg at 6 weeks. Systolic BP at 2, 4, and 6 weeks was significantly higher as compared with (L-NAME+candesartan)- and (rofecoxib+candesartan)-treated group. In conclusion, concomitant use of rofecoxib resulted in poor BP control by candesartan in L-NAME-hypertensive rats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antimicrobial and radical modulation activity of AV-07, a poly-herbal formula.

An extract of AV-07 was investigated for various biological activities. Pretreatment of mice with the AV-07 extract significantly protected them from lethal infection with E. coli. ESR spectroscopy showed that the extract produced radicals under alkaline conditions and enhanced the radical intensity of sodium ascorbate, suggesting its pro-oxidant action at higher concentrations. The extract effectively scavenged superoxide anion, produced by hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction and hydroxyl radical, produced by Fenton reaction. These data demonstrate that AV-07 extract contains various bioactive substances, suggesting its medicinal efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey on refractive error and strabismus among children in a school at Aligarh.

An ophthalmic survey of 310 school going children in the age group of 4-12 years was done. 41 children (13.2%) were found to have a vision of less than 6/6 in one or both eyes. Myopia of 0.5 D or more and hyperopia of +2 D or more or astigmatism of 1 D or more in one or both eyes were seen in 74 children (22.9%). There was a tendency for a decrease in hyperopia and an increase in myopia with advancing age. Astigmatic error of 1 D or less was seen in 12 eyes (1.93%) and anisometropia of more than 1 D was present in 11 cases (3.5%). Hypertropia was more in female children whereas myopia had a nearly equal distribution in both sexes. There was heterophoria and manifest strabismus which showed a gradual increase with advancing age. This study was compared to few other studies undertaken in the past.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Platelet function in leprosy.

In a group of 50 leprosy patients, platelet function tests were found to be abnormal in 44. More than half the patients showed significant impairment in platelet adhesiveness and aggregation to collagen which correlated best with increase in serum IgM levels. ADP-induced aggregation of platelets was not a major defect and Pf-3 availability was reduced only in a fourth of the patients. In vitro incubation of collagen with plasma from leprosy patients significantly reduced its ability to clump normal platelets. This appears to be the first report of defective platelet function in leprosy, and it is thought that such changes may in part be due to increased IgM globulins in the blood and/or to alterations in the collagen brought about thereby.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prehospital delay in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction in the emergency unit of a North Indian tertiary care hospital.

BACKGROUND: Prompt treatment of patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction decreases the incidence of death from early arrhythmia, and maximizes the potential benefit of thrombolytic therapy. Prehospital delay has been identified as a major obstacle to the widespread use of thrombolytic therapy. The aim of the present study was to examine the extent of, and factors associated with, delay in seeking medical care (usually thrombolytic therapy) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was conducted in patients visiting the medical emergency unit of the Nehru Hospital, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh. A total of 104 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction were interviewed using a pre-designed proforma. Pain-to-door, and door-to-drug times, were the main outcome measures. The corrected mean (SEM) and median (range) pain-to-door times were 8.5 (0.8) hours and 5.2 (0.5-24) hours, respectively. Out of 104 patients, 38 did not receive thrombolytic therapy. In those who did not receive thrombolytic therapy, prior therapy at local health centers, lack of knowledge of symptoms, and transportation problems were the main reasons for hospital delay. The mean (SEM) and median (range) of door-to-drug times were 1.2 (0.1) hours and 1 (0.2-3.5) hours, respectively.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of increase in extracellular calcium on frequency-dependent inotropism in cardiac muscle.

Frequency-dependent effects on contractility in isolated rabbit papillary muscles were compared at different calcium concentrations ranging between 1 and 12.5 mM. Increase in extracellular calcium up to 3 mM resulted in an increase in the frequency-dependent positive inotropy. A further increase in extracellular calcium, up to 5 mM, brought about a quantitative decrease in the frequency-dependent positive inotropy. Still higher concentrations of extracellular calcium, 7.5 and 12.5 mM, altogether abolished the frequency-dependent increase in contractility. The latter at these concentrations of calcium was rather depressed in response to frequency increases. These characteristic changes in the frequency-dependent inotropism at different extracellular calcium concentrations may have been due to the occurrence of a moderate to severe intracellular calcium overload. It is suggested that heart function in certain cardiac diseases, associated with intracellular calcium overload, may not improve with an increase in heart rate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinical study of Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.

Sixty-nine cases of Osteomyelitis, and 27 of septic arthritis have been presented. 69/96 (71%) were children below 12. The sites frequently involved were tibia, femur and humerus. Septic arthritis commonly involved the knee. The commonest organism was Penicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Though we sought but failed to establish that overt clinical malnutrition was aetiologically important, since 54% were well-fed children, the virulence of the sepsis in which an entire bone shaft may die is disturbing but unexplained. Whereas arthrotomy plus antibiotics gave uniformly good results for septic arthritis, in osteomyelitis, no single treatment regime was outstanding. We would recommend the tetracyclines, (eg. "Reverin"), in addition to appropriate surgery, as a routine.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aggressive doxorubicin-containing regimen (prednisone, methotrexate, 5-FU, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide; PM-FAC) in disseminated estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer.

Twenty-seven women with disseminated estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer received an aggressive chemotherapy program of prednisone, methotrexate, 5-FU, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. Responses were achieved in 21 of 26 (81%) evaluable patients, eight (31%) of whom had complete responses. The median survival was 17 months. Despite the favorable overall response and a significant number of complete responses, all patients eventually relapsed. Although most patients relapsed systematically, two relapsed initially in the CNS.

Adult↗