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Biomedical subjects

M Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to M Gupta.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Differential contribution of nitric oxide to regulation of vascular tone in coronary conductance and resistance arteries: intravascular ultrasound studies.

We examined the role of nitric oxide in the maintenance of coronary vascular tone in 15 dogs. A 0.014 inch Doppler wire was introduced into the midsegment of the circumflex coronary artery and a 4.3F, 30 MHz two-dimensional ultrasound imaging catheter was introduced over the Doppler wire. Acetylcholine caused a dose-dependent vasodilation in both epicardial and resistance coronary arteries. However, N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase caused a dose-dependent vasoconstriction mainly in the epicardial coronary arteries, partially reversed by L-arginine. The vasodilator response to acetylcholine was inhibited by L-NAME only in the epicardial circulation. Thus using combined intracoronary two-dimensional and Doppler ultrasound, we have demonstrated both basal and acetylcholine-induced release of nitric oxide in epicardial coronary arteries. The failure of L-NAME to decrease basal and acetylcholine-induced increases in flow velocity suggests that endothelium-dependent relaxation in coronary resistance vessels may not be mediated by nitric oxide alone.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1994

Improved renal function following aggressive treatment of urolithiasis and concurrent mild to moderate renal insufficiency.

To our knowledge the prevalence of urinary stone disease and concurrent mild to moderate renal insufficiency has never been reported. A review of our last 2,000 urinary stone patients identified 33 (1.65%) with serum creatinine levels of 2.0 mg./dl. or greater at presentation. Chemical composition, location and complexity of the calculi, types of procedures required to render the patient stone-free and the effect of surgical intervention (independent of relief of obstruction) on renal function were evaluated. Mean serum creatinine level before surgical intervention and after placement of a ureteral stent or percutaneous nephrostomy tube in patients with evidence of obstruction was 3.2 mg./dl. (range 2.0 to 7.5). Complete or partial staghorn calculi were found in 21 of the 33 patients (64%), including 8 with bilateral staghorn calculi. Seven patients required 1 procedure, 1 required urinary alkalization alone and the other 25 required an average of 3.5 procedures each. Stone analysis revealed struvite, mixed calcium and uric acid to be the most common types. Followup creatinine values (the latest available within 1 year) and corresponding creatinine clearances showed remarkable improvement. The mean decrease in serum creatinine level was 1.2 mg./dl. (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of decrease between patients with pretreatment serum creatinine levels of 2.0 to 2.9 mg./dl. and those with initial values of 3.0 or more. Renal calculi and concurrent mild to moderate renal insufficiency warrant aggressive treatment. Patients demonstrate significant improvement in renal function independent of relief of obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Clinical immunology and infectious diseases.

Without the application of immunology, understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of infectious diseases would be severely retarded. The development new vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases has been based on new immunologic findings. Immunodiagnostic modalities have provided for the growth of diagnostic techniques for infectious diseases. Clinical immunology also has laid the groundwork for immunotherapies using the old intravenous immunoglobulin preparations and the new monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, and interferons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Clinical correlates of the gross, radiographic, and histologic features of urinary matrix calculi.

We present five patients with urinary matrix calculi, which, in contrast to the normally brittle calcigerous calculi, are soft, pliable, and amorphous. Common clinical features include a history of calcigerous stone disease, renal surgery, urinary obstruction or stasis, and chronic infection with Proteus species or coliforms. The diagnosis is usually made at surgery, but certain preoperative radiographic findings may be suggestive. Matrix calculi are radiolucent on plain abdominal films, although their appearance on nonenhanced CT scans is similar to that of calcigerous calculi despite their small mineral content. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy is ineffective; open or percutaneous techniques are necessary. Histologic inspection reveals laminar concentric rings of organized matrix with an orderly, layered deposition of minerals. Histochemical investigation can provide insight into the possible sequence of events in normal calculogenesis. The successful management of urinary matrix calculi depends on a high index of suspicion and a thorough knowledge of their clinicopathologic features.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Basal cell carcinoma in blacks: a report of 15 cases.

We report 15 cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in black patients seen in an office practice over a 15-year period. Review of the literature supports our view that nonmelanoma skin cancer in blacks is more prevalent than generally thought. The major etiological factor in BCC development is exposure to ultraviolet light. Skin pigmentation, however, provides some degree of protection. We suggest that BCC development in blacks and in nonexposed areas in whites may represent a different pathogenesis from BCC caused by ultraviolet light exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Fine needle aspiration cytology of benign breast lumps: a review of experience with 651 cases.

A detailed cytomorphologic study was done on fine needle aspiration smears from 651 benign breast lumps. Cytological categorization enabled the distinction of proliferative from non-proliferative and infective lesions in the majority of the cases. Lumpectomy provided the histological diagnosis in 584 cases, most of which were proliferative lesions. Gross cystic disease and fibroadenoma were the most common lesions encountered. Microcysts with apocrine change, sclerosing adenosis, proliferative disease without atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, and lobular carcinoma in situ were associated with the dominant lesion in many of the cases. In all these cases, retrospective analysis of the cytological smears was done in an attempt to identify cytological features which may indicate these lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of antigenic determinants on porcine zona pellucida-3 beta(ZP3 beta) glycoprotein by monoclonal antibodies.

Out of 11 monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) developed against porcine zona pellucida-3 beta(ZP3 beta) glycoprotein, 6 (MA-451, -454, -455, -462, -467 and -470) reacted with ZP2 beta, deglycosylated ZP3 beta(DGZP3 beta), and reduced and carboxyamidomethylated ZP3 beta(RCMZP3 beta) in ELISA and Western blot suggesting that these monoclonals recognise a linear protein epitope. Five MAbs(MA-452, -456, -459, -474 and -476) showed reduced binding with DGZP3 beta and RCMZP3 beta as compared to ZP3 beta in ELISA suggesting that these may recognize either carbohydrate moities or conformation dependent epitopes. Moreover, these MAbs failed to recognize these antigens on Western blot. Based on competitive inhibition studies in ELISA for the ability of MAbs to inhibit the binding of biotinylated ZP3 beta to solid phase antibody, 6 distinct domains were discernible. Domain V recognised by MA-467 partially overlaps with the domain corresponding to MA-454 and MA-455. All 11 MAbs reacted with zona pellucida of intact oocytes as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence but only 3 antibodies (MA-454, -455 and -467) delayed the zona lysis by trypsin. In immunoblots MA-467 recognised 18kDa fragment of RCMZP3 beta digested with endoproteinase lys-C and 37 and 30kDa bands of elastase digest of ZP3 beta. The results will help in delineation of functionally relevant domains and design of contraceptive vaccine based on zona pellucida aiming for pre-fertilization block.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of culture techniques for detection of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic ascites.

This prospective study was done in cirrhotic patients to evaluate ascitic fluid culture techniques by the conventional method and by an alternate method of bedside ascitic fluid inoculation into blood culture bottles, with an aim to improve bacteriological diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Of the 300 patients who were evaluated, 43 who had a total leukocyte count greater than 500/mm3 or a polymorphonuclear cell count greater than 250/mm3 in ascitic fluid were included. There were 30 episodes of SBP in 28 patients and another 15 patients had culture-negative neutrocytic ascites (CNNA). Escherichia coli was the commonest organism cultured, being found in 60%. There was significantly greater (p < 0.001) ascitic fluid culture positivity with direct inoculation into blood culture bottles, i.e. 66.7% compared to 31.1% by conventional method at 48 hours, and this was evident even 24 hours after inoculation i.e. 33.3% positivity compared to 4.4%. Bacteremia was present in 53.3% of patients with SBP and 33.3% with CNNA. Ascitic fluid inoculation directly into blood culture bottles leads to a significantly increased percentage of culture positivity and reduces the time needed for detection of SBP from 48 to 24 hours.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1994

Swallowed sharp foreign bodies (sewing needles): a conservative approach.

A swallowed foreign body, large or small, sharp or pointed should be treated with respect. Its passage in the gastrointestinal tract should be carefully watched and monitored. The patient should be kept under regular and constant observation until such time as the foreign body has either expelled itself or is removed. We report here two cases of sharp foreign bodies ingested by children and successfully managed on conservative lines.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Zinc levels in maternal and cord blood and in amniotic fluid--a possible marker for foetal malformation.

Zinc levels were estimated from the maternal and cord blood drawn at delivery and in the amniotic fluid drawn before delivery in 9 pregnancies resulting in congenitally abnormal foetuses and 21 pregnancies resulting in normal healthy babies. Zinc levels were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in maternal and cord blood serum in congenitally malformed babies as compared to healthy normal controls. Amniotic fluid zinc levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in pregnancies with malformed babies. The use of zinc levels as marker for foetal malformation has been suggested.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1994

Cranial ultrasonic assessment of infants with acute bacterial meningitis.

A prospective study was performed on 44 patients (newborn to one year old) with acute bacterial meningitis. Sonograms were obtained within 72 hours of diagnosis, and repeated on 7th, 14th or at an early date, if required. The spectrum of sonographic features of meningitis included normal scan (35.4%), echogenic sulci (63.7%) and parenchyma (29.5%), ventriculomegaly (59%), ventriculitis (35%), pseudo-porencephalic cyst (4.4%), extra axial fluid collection (4.4%), encephalomalacia (2.2%) and cerebral abscess (2.2%) in patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Effect of leaf extract from Clerodendron colebrookianum on blood pressure in rats.

Hypotensive effect of the extract of leaves of C. colebrookianum was investigated. An extremely bitter fraction was isolated, which gave positive test for alkaloids. The fraction produced fall of blood pressure in a dose dependent manner. The fall of blood pressure was blocked by atropine. Hypertensive effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline were slightly antagonised by the alkaloidal extract.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1994

Microsatellite instabilities at five chromosomes in primary breast tumors.

The microsatellite instabilities at nine loci of chromosomes 2p, 8p, 10p and 11p and the nm23-H1 locus on 17q21.3 were studied in primary breast tumors. Alterations in the short interspersed tandem repeats in tumor DNA in the form of either larger allele, smaller allele or LOH were observed. Significantly, a high occurrence of alterations in microsatellite polymorphisms at the ANK1, D8S135 and LPL loci of chromosome 8p (46-54%), the D2S119 locus of chromosome 2p (56%), the D10S197 locus at chromosome 10p (88%), and the nm23-H1 locus of chromosome 17q21.3 (46%) were observed in breast tumors. These results provide the first evidence for genomic instabilities at 2p, 8p and 10p in primary ductal and lobular breast carcinomas. No correlation has been found between the stage of the tumor and microsatellite instability, suggesting that microsatellite instability is an early genetic event in breast carcinogenesis.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Clinical trial of pentazocine as analgesic in paediatric cases.

This study was undertaken with the objective of relieving pain which has been poorly understood and managed in peri-operative period specially in children. Here the analgesic efficacy of pentazocine was studied in 50 cases, aged between 5 and 9 years subjected to both major and minor surgeries. No premedication was given to assess the sole analgesic effect of the drug. Pentazocine was given during induction, dose being 0.5 mg/kg body weight intravenously. Subsequently small incremental doses were repeated after every 30-45 minutes during surgery. Satisfactory analgesia was obtained during intra- and postoperative period. No respiratory depression, no change in pulse, BP and no other complications were observed after administration of intravenous pentazocine.

Analgesia↗