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Biomedical subjects

M Guay

Publications and source records attributed to M Guay.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Immediate reproduction of temporal information under four cognitive strategies.

The main purpose was to determine the retention characteristics of temporal information when subjects experienced time under a retention interval of immediate reproduction and various cognitive strategies for time estimation. Four levels of cognitive strategy were used, viz., conscious, mental counting, counting aloud without auditory cues, and counting aloud with auditory cues. The latter three cognitive strategies were experimenter-defined, time-aiding techniques. Subjects were instructed to refrain from employing time-aiding techniques under a conscious cognitive strategy for time estimation. Visual durations of 1, 2, and 4 sec. were estimated by 12 subjects under the method of reproduction. Two measures of performance were computed, viz., variable and constant errors. The general conclusions were: (a) the effectiveness of mental counting, counting aloud without auditory cues, and counting aloud with auditory cues as cognitive strategies over conscious cognitive strategy in terms of variability depends on the duration used, and (b) in terms of accuracy and variability an increase in the number of cues under time-aiding techniques does not necessarily produce better performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Long-term retention of temporal information.

The main purpose was to determine the characteristics of long-term retention of temporal information. Visual durations of 1, 4, and 8 sec. were estimated by 120 subjects under the method of reproduction. Four retention intervals were used, viz., immediate reproduction, 2 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The percentage absolute and percentage variable errors were used to evaluate effects of forgetting. When subjects hold time lengths of 1, 4, and 8 sec. in memory for a period of 14 or 28 days, they become less accurate and more variable than if they recall the item immediately or after 2 days. One explanation for the nature of forgetting was suggested. The percentage constant error was used as an index of bias. Subjects had a tendency to overestimate the 1-sec. and to underestimate the 4- and 8-sec. time durations. The hypothesis that the longer-term memory of perceptual estimates of temporal information follows a pattern similar to that of other continuous dimensions was not confirmed over these intervals.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed1982

Short-term retention of temporal auditory information.

To determine the short-term retention characteristics of temporal information when subjects experienced time under a conscious cognitive strategy for time estimation, i.e., subjects were instructed to refrain from employing time-aiding techniques, auditory durations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 sec. were estimated by 30 subjects by reproduction. Five levels of retention interval were used, viz., immediate reproduction, 30-sec. rest, 30-sec. interpolated activity with a response uncertainty of 0 bit per response, 30-sec. interpolated activity with a response uncertainty of 1 bit per response, and 30-sec. interpolated activity with a response uncertainty of 2 bits per response. Variable error evaluated effects of forgetting. When subjects hold durations of 8, 16, and 32 sec. in memory for a 30-sec. rest or 30-sec. interpolated activity, they become more variable than if they recall the item immediately. The variabilities between the 30-sec. rest and the 30-sec. interpolated activity retention intervals were similar. Two explanations for the presence of an interaction between duration and retention interval under the variable error were suggested. The constant error was used as an index of bias. Immediate reproduction of the retention interval had less mean constant error than 30-sec. rest retention under the 8-, 16-, and 32-sec. durations. That particular result was explained in perceptual terms.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Short-term retention of temporal information.

The main purpose was to determine the short-term retention characteristics of temporal information when subjects experienced time under a conscious cognitive strategy for time estimation, i.e., subjects were instructed to refrain from employing the time-aiding techniques. Visual time lengths of 4, 8, 16, and 32 sec. were estimated by 12 subjects under the method of reproduction. Three levels of retention interval were used, viz., immediate reproduction, 20 sec. of rest, and 20 sec. of interpolated activity, i.e., counting backwards by threes. The variable error was used to evaluate effects of forgetting. When subjects hold time lengths of 4, 8, 16, and 32 sec. in memory for a period of 20 sec. of rest or 20 sec. of interpolated activity, they become more variable than if they recall the item immediately. The variability between the 20 sec. of rest and the 20 sec. of interpolated activity retention intervals was similar. Two explanations for the lack of an interaction between time lengths and retention interval under the variable error were suggested. The constant error was used as an index of bias. Immediate reproduction of the retention interval had less mean constant error than 20 sec. of rest retention under the 32-sec. time length. The particular result was explained in perceptual terms.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Guanidination of the lysine residues present in fibrous elastin and in soluble elastin peptides.

We have found that only 20 to 30% of the lysine residues measured after acid hydrolysis of insoluble elastin and alpha-elastin were blocked by prior guanidination of elastin with o-methylisourea. In contrast free lysine was guanidinated almost 100% and a purified, highly crosslinked peptide fraction of low molecular weight, 85%. The non-reactivity of lysine does not seem to be due to steric hindrance in the fibrous protein or in the large peptides derived therefrom but rather to the presence of epsilon [delta-adipic acid]-lysine, the oxidized form of lysinonorleucine described by Bailey et al. Since photolysis of desmosine and isodesmosine leads also to the formation of new lysine residues, methods will have to be devised to distinguish lysine-containing peptides derived from photolyzed elastin.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Photolysis of desmosine and isodesmosine by ultraviolet light.

It is known that the pyridinium ring of a model compound such as N-methyl pyridinium chloride is cleaved by U.V. radiation at 254 nm. At acid pH the products obtained are methylamine and glutaconaldehyde. Under the same conditions desmosine and isodesmosine are degraded into lysine and probably into the homologous substituted ketone of glutaconaldehyde. At pH 6.0-7.0, a transient open-chain aminoaldehyde intermediate is observed which can either reform the original compound or be cleaved as at low pH. When intact elastin is photolysed for 20 minutes in water, approximately 75% of the (iso) desmosines are destroyed, accompanied by an increase of free lysine residues. No change in the concentration of the other amino acids, including tyrosine, are noted. It is therefore likely that the crosslinks engaged in peptide links are also cleaved photochemically.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Human time estimation: bibliography.

Journal articles and several other types of publications concerned with human time estimation are divided into the following three chronological sections: 1960-1964, 1965-1969, and post 1969. Each section includes experimental, theoretical, and methodological papers.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The implementation of comprehensive critical care pharmacy services through the development of a 24-hour satellite pharmacy.

This report details the evolution of pharmacy services within the critical care areas of a large general hospital. The program began with the assignment of a clinical pharmacist to the intensive care unit and now includes a staff of six pharmacists operating from a 24-hour satellite pharmacy dedicated to critical care services. In the process a system has been developed which allows all staff to function in an integrated distributive-clinical role, eliminating the distinction between pharmacists performing these two separate functions. The system provides for total unit dose and IV admixture services as well as in-depth clinical monitoring, drug information and research responsibilities. Early impressions validate the success of this approach and objective evaluation, including the auditing of clinical input, is underway.

Critical Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of an intravenous drug manual for a critical care satellite pharmacy.

An intravenous manual specific for the needs of a critical care area has recently been compiled. This paper presents details of the need for such a manual, the format chosen for organizing the material and the significance of the manual. The attached figures provide examples of the data presented for individual drugs.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over↗