Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Guarino.
A case of xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the gastric wall is reported. The lesion was associated with adherent xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and simulated, clinically, a malignant neoplasm. Histologically, foamy histiocytes, multi-nucleated giant cells, other inflammatory cells, fibrous reaction with spindle cells and cholesterol clefts were found.
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Authors report two cases of pancreatic metastasis from renal clear cell carcinoma, discovered in a 62 years-old-man and in a 73 years-old woman, respectively 17 and 11 years after undergoing curative nephrectomy for primary tumor. Immunological forces and slow doubling times of tumor may explain this type of late recurrence, whereas, the endocrine status is lacking in importance. The risk of a recurrence of tumour ten years or later after nephrectomy suggests a lifelong follow-up of patients with an history of renal cell carcinoma.
We studied microscopic sections of 24 cases of intestinal infarction looking for contraction bands (CB) in the muscularis propria of the bowel wall. Controls were 11 surgical and 11 autopsy cases from patients who did not suffer any form of ischaemic disease. The difference of CB frequency was significant (P less than 0.001) in infarction versus the surgical control group. Moreover, within the study group the CB frequency was also related to the severity of the ischaemic lesion (P less than 0.01). With immunostaining, CB were not reactive with antibodies against vimentin, desmin, actin or myosin. We propose that CB genesis in intestinal smooth muscle is related to hypoxia, possibly through altered homeostasis of calcium and catecholamine metabolism.
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Liposarcoma is a soft tissue tumor usually observed in adults. Although occasional cases have been reported in childhood, it is virtually unknown in infants and small children. Our experience documents a case of liposarcoma in a 6-year-old girl, an extremely rare occurrence in this age-group. The patient underwent wide local excision followed by chemotherapy. Histologically, the tumor was a myxoid type. Differential diagnosis and problems concerning prognosis and therapy of this tumor in children are discussed.
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The prevalence, causal origin of and impairments associated with severe mental retardation (SMR) were investigated among all school-age children (six to 13 years) living in the city of Bologna, Italy. 90 children (57 boys, 33 girls) with IQs less than or equal to 50 were identified. The prevalence of SMR was 4.2 per 1000 for males, 2.5 per 1000 for females and 3.4 per 1000 for both sexes. Causal origin was prenatal for 33.3 per cent, perinatal for 14.4 per cent, combined pre- and perinatal for 5.6 per cent and postnatal for 13.3 per cent. Another 12.3 per cent of the children with IQs less than or equal to 50 had autism or childhood psychosis, while there was no evident cause of mental retardation for the remaining 21.1 per cent. 50 per cent had at least one associated physical or neurological impairment other than mental retardation, with epilepsy and cerebral palsy predominating.
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We have described the case of a 73-year-old female patient affected by multicentric Castleman's disease and complicated by Kaposi's sarcoma. Histologically the specimens of nodal biopsy showed combined patterns, both the hyaline-vascular type and the plasma cellular one. We have discussed the relationship between classic Castleman's disease and the multicentric type and the meaning of its association with Kaposi's sarcoma. Both diseases may present in immunologically depressed patients, but it is unknown whether Kaposi's sarcoma is a consequence of immunologic alterations caused by Castleman's disease or whether both processes are due to a primitive disorder of immunologic regulating factors.
The prevalence of mental retardation related to chromosomal abnormalities, including fragile X syndrome, was studied among 2735 males aged between five and 20 years living in the Republic of San Marino. Five cases of chromosomal abnormalities were found, including one case with fragile X syndrome, with partial epilepsy and a CT scan showing a large arachnoid cyst in the posterior fossa. The prevalence of mental retardation due to chromosomal abnormality was 1.83 per 1000, and that due to fragile X syndrome was 0.37 per 1000. Although these findings relate to only a small population, they are the first from a Mediterranean area.
Three cases of infiltrating congenital lipomatosis of the face are presented. These lesions shared the following morphologic criteria: 1) nonencapsulated congenital fatty tumor; 2) infiltration of adjacent muscle and soft tissue; 3) absence of lipoblast and malignant characteristics; 4) presence of fibrous elements with numerous nerve bundles and vessels; and 5) hypertrophy of subjacent bone. Although these tumors are benign, all three recurred after surgical excision. Extensive specimen sampling is advisable to exclude infiltrating lipoma, diffuse angiomatosis, infiltrating angiolipoma, and well-differentiated liposarcoma. Relationship with lipoblastomatosis and histogenesis of infiltrating congenital lipomatosis of the face are discussed.
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Neuraminidase production by reference strains of various group B streptococci serotypes was investigated before and after serial passages in mouse. The enzyme production was tested in culture filtrates using bovine submaxillary mucin as substrate. Although passages in mouse markedly increased the virulence of all the strains it was not possible to demonstrate a relationship between the increased virulence and the enzyme production.