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Biomedical subjects

M Gregory

Publications and source records attributed to M Gregory.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Pneumococcal carriage amongst Australian aborigines in Alice Springs, Northern Territory.

In Alice Springs and its vicinity, a single nasal swab was collected from 282 Australian aborigines in May 1981 to determine nasal carriage rates of pneumococci. Each swab was inoculated on blood agar and on gentamicin blood agar. The carriage rates were 89% in children, 39% in adolescents and 34% in adults. In all, 27 serotypes of pneumococci were met with and 15 (4%) of subjects yielded two or more serotypes. In children, types 23, 19, 6, 22 and 6 were predominant (in that order), whereas type 3 was commonest in older subjects. Approximately 25% children and 5% adults yielded drug-insensitive pneumococci. Resistance to benzylpenicillin, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole was met with, resistant pneumococci showed five resistance patterns and belonged to nine serotypes, predominantly types 19 and 23. All isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, lincomycin and rifampicin. The carriage rate of drug-insensitive pneumococci was 100-fold higher amongst children sampled than in non-aboriginal children in Australia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Identification of fungal casts in a patient with renal candidiasis.

Since the treatment of fungal infections with amphotericin B may result in significant nephrotoxicity, better methods for discriminating between life-threatening and more benign fungal infections are needed. Recently numerous fungal casts were identified in the urine of a patient who had undergone renal allograft transplantation. The recognition of fungal casts permitted an unequivocal diagnosis of systemic fungal infection. Successive examinations of the patient's urinary sediment provided an excellent monitor of the response to treatment. The cytologic features of fungal casts are described. Since systemic fungal infections often involve the kidney, screening for fungal casts may have significant clinical applicability.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The acute toxicity of oxamniquine in rats; a sex-dependent hepatotoxicity.

Toxicity studies with oxamniquine in several laboratory animal species revealed an idiosyncratic sensitivity of rats, females being much more sensitive than males. After single p.o. doses of oxamniquine, rats died up to 14 days after the dose from hepatic failure. At doses near the LD-50, serum transaminases were high and proteins low from 24 h after the dose in females and from 48 h in males; serum and liver triglycerides showed no clear changes. Histologically the livers were characterised by cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, parenchymal necrosis, and bile duct proliferation. Metabolism and pharmacokinetic data were inadequate to explain the sex-dependency of this toxicity, but tissue distribution studies with carbon-14 labelled oxamniquine showed that 72 h after a given dose livers of female rats retained more label than males, and that little of this was due to unchanged drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Histochemical and biochemical characteristics of the transient hypertrophy of the denervated rat hemidiaphragm.

A systematic study of the different fiber types of rat diaphragm muscle in the first 10 days after unilateral denervation showed approximately a 10% decrease in diameter of the white fibers, 25% increase in that of intermediate fibers, and 35% increase in that of red fibers together with diminished differential staining properties both for myosin ATPase and Sudan black. There was also a doubling of the amount of connective tissue. A reduction in total lipid concentration of the tissue included decreases in both triacylglycerol and phospholipid, but not cholesterol. Magnesium concentration in the tissue also declined, as did activity of Ca2+-activated, though not Mg2+-activated, myosin ATPase.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

Metabolic clearance and plasma half-disappearance time of exogenous somatostatin in man.

The MCR and half-disappearance time of exogenously administered somatostatin have been measured during and after cessation of a constant infusion. Studies were performed on normal volunteers and patients with chronic liver disease and failure. Immunoreactive somatostatin was measured by a sensitive and specific RIA using an antiserum directed against the core of the molecule. Normal subjects had a mean MCR of 1949 +/- 250 ml/min (28.4 +/- 4.2 ml/min . kg BW) (mean +/- SEM), similar to values found in five patients with chronic liver disease. However, patients with chronic renal failure showed a highly significant (P less than 0.001) lowering of the MCR (501 +/- 32.7 ml/min or 7.8 +/- 0.6 ml/min . kg). The rate of disappearance of somatostatin after infusion was linear for 7-10 min, after which a much slower component was observed. In normal subjects, the t 1/2 of the first component varied from 1.1-3.0 min, in patients with liver disease it varied from 1.2-4.8 min, and in patients with chronic renal failure it varied from 2.6-4.9 min. Exogenously administered somatostatin is rapidly cleared in normal subjects and patients with chronic liver disease, but the MCR in end stage chronic renal failure is markedly lowered. The kidney may have a role in the metabolic clearance of exogenously administered somatostatin, or uremia may impair catabolism nonspecifically.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Study of autogenous transposed ossicles, bone and cartilage in man.

Study was made of 28 ossicles from 22 ears with chronic otitis, 12 autogenous transposed ossicles removed after varying periods of time, normal and 4 transplanted pieces of bone, and normal and 2 transplanted pieces of cartilage. The transposed ossicles were found to be dead, apart from certain special instances, showing pathology similar to non-transposed ossicles. Transplanted bone was also dead. Cartilage was vital. These autogenous transplants showed no evidence of rejection and less chronic inflammation than would be anticipated. It is suggested that autogenous ossicular or bone transplants in man act as inert but not rejected implants, while cartilage may remain viable.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1975

The Budd-Chiari syndrome: correlation between hepatic scintigraphy and the clinical, radiological, and pathological findings in nineteen cases of hepatic venous outflow obstruction.

From 1965 to 1972, 19 patients with the Budd-Chiari syndrome were investigated. An underlying diagnosis was made in 10 cases, polycythemia rubra vera being the commonest etiology. Percutaneous liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis in 18 patients, and in 14 the site of hepatic vein obstruction was defined or its presence suggested by hepatic venography. Hepatic scintiscanning showed predominant central localization of radiocolloid in 7 patients. In another 8 patients this appearance was present in association with other less specific features. These findings were correlated with inferior vena cavography in 13 patients in whom a characteristic narrowing and distortion of the vein throughout its intrahepatic course was noted. In 3 other patients, the vein was found to be occluded. Autopsy evidence in 6 patients suggests that the central concentration of radiocolloid on scintiscanning and the narrowing and distortion of the inferior vena cava were due to disproportionate enlargement of the caudate lobe. Additional studies indicated that the separate venous drainage of the caudate lobe may be preserved when the main hepatic veins are occluded and that hypertrophy of the caudate lobe occurs because of its relatively more efficient perfusion. Demonstration of the enlarged caudate lobe by scintiscanning and inferior vena cavography provides valuable diagnostic support for the Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Adult↗