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Biomedical subjects

M Green

Publications and source records attributed to M Green.

1,042 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The consequences of passive smoking: an overview.

Tobacco smoke contains a wide range of toxic vapors and particles that when inhaled are injurious to the smoker himself (active smoking) and to those around him (passive smoking). It is extremely difficult to define precisely the harmful effects of passive smoking on the individual's health because of the problems involved in quantifying the extent of exposure. A number of epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to passive smoking in public places is circumstantially but marginally linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as to benign and malignant pulmonary morbidity. There is an increased risk of cardiovascular and lung diseases among people living with spouses who smoke due to the exposure to tobacco smoke in the home. Passive smoking during pregnancy constitutes a health hazard for mother and fetus alike. Exposure to passive smoking during childhood may predispose the individual to benign and malignant pulmonary morbidity in both childhood and adulthood. For many people the worksite comprises the main exposure source. Many clinical conditions are further aggravated by exposure to a combination of tobacco smoke and industrial chemicals, mineral dust, or other carcinogens (asbestos, cadmium, radon daughters). Tobacco smoke exposure and the resultant morbidity can be reduced by regulations and legislation prohibiting smoking in public places and worksites.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid method for mapping morbidity and mortality during epidemics.

A rapid method for mapping health information during epidemics is described. We divided maps of cities into coded squares and assigned a code to each street which corresponded to its location on the map. Thus, health data information could be easily transferred from the field by indicating the number of cases in each square and readily transferring this information onto a map. By applying density data of the civilian population in each neighborhood it was possible to calculate incidence and prevalence rates at any given time.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytobrush and wooden spatula for oral exfoliative cytology. A comparison.

The Cytobrush has been used frequently in cervical cytology, but as yet its value in oral exfoliative cytology has not been assessed. A study was undertaken to compare the efficiency of the Cytobrush with that of the wooden tongue spatula. For 26 patients, two smears were collected from clinically normal mucosa from four sites in the oral cavity (buccal mucosa, dorsal tongue, ventral tongue and hard palate). The smears were graded for cell yield and dispersion on a three-point scale. The results were analyzed using the chi 2 test. The Cytobrush was found to be significantly more efficient than the wooden spatula, in terms of both cell yield (P less than .005) and cell dispersion (P less than .005). When each site was examined separately, the Cytobrush produced significantly better dispersion for the dorsal tongue, ventral tongue and buccal mucosa and a better cell yield for the tongue surfaces. No significant difference for cell yield or dispersion was found for the hard palate. The study showed that the Cytobrush is an effective instrument for use in exfoliative cytology of normal oral mucosa.

Cytological Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Do gelatin-coated slides increase cellular retention in oral exfoliative cytology?

A minimum number of cells is required for an accurate cytologic assessment of oral lesions; however, the cell yield in some oral smears is reduced, relating to the site from which the cells were harvested and to the lesion examined. The use of gelatin coating to increase the retention of cells in smears from such sites was assessed. Cells were obtained from four sites within the oral cavities of 20 patients (10 male and 10 female) with healthy mouths. Using a wooden spatula, two samples were obtained from each site; one was transferred to a gelatin-coated slide, the other to an uncoated slide. For each slide, the cell yield was rated on a scale of 0 (no cells), 1 (few cells) and 2 (many cells). The results were then analyzed using the Wilcoxon sign-rank test. The coated and uncoated slides yielded similar results for most sites, except that the coated slides seemed to be advantageous for samples from the ventral surface of the tongue.

Gelatin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic disposition of ivermectin in tissues of cattle, sheep, and rats.

The metabolic disposition of ivermectin, a new antiparasitic drug, has been studied in cattle, sheep, and also in rats dosed with the drug labeled with tritium in the C-22,23 positions. In the edible tissues of these animals, the unaltered drug was the major tissue residue component and was quantitated by HPLC-reverse isotope dilution assay. The depletion half-lives of the drug ranged between 1 and 6 days, similar to those of the total tissue residue in these species. Most metabolites present in the liver tissues were more polar than the parent drug. Based on spectral (NMR, mass spectrometric) analysis and chromatographic comparison with authentic compounds prepared by in vitro rat or steer microsomal incubations, three of these metabolites have been isolated and identified as the hydroxylation derivatives of ivermectin, i.e. 24-hydroxymethyl-H2B1a, its monosaccharide, and 24-hydroxymethyl-H2B1b.

Adipose Tissue↗