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Biomedical subjects

M Greaves

Publications and source records attributed to M Greaves.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Monoclonal antibody to ganglioside GQ discriminates between haemopoietic cells and infiltrating neuroblastoma tumour cells in bone marrow.

An immunological approach has been sought for the identification of minimal metastatic spread of neuroblastoma to bone marrow. Here we describe the reactivity of the monoclonal antibody A2B5 to human neuroblastoma cell lines and fresh tumour tissue. This reagent, raised against chick retinal cells, reacts with all human neuroblastoma lines assayed although quantitative differences in antigenic expression exist between cultures. Analysis of tumour cells in heavily infiltrated bone marrow aspirates indicates that only 70% of the samples reacted with A2B5, suggesting that the heterogeneity seen in the expression of antigen on cell lines is paralleled in fresh tumour material. A2B5 showed no reactivity to either a panel of human leukaemic cell lines or normal human bone marrow, although reactivity to an occasional leukaemic marrow aspirate was detected. We suggest that A2B5 could form part of a panel of monoclonal reagents necessary for detecting metastatic spread of all neuroblastoma cells to bone marrow. Such a group of reagents may be useful therapeutically in a programmed of autologous bone marrow transplantation for the removal of tumour cells prior to reinfusion of haemopoietic cells to patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1981

Ubiquitous cell-surface glycoprotein on tumor cells is proliferation-associated receptor for transferrin.

A murine monoclonal antibody (OKT9) raised against human leukemic cells binds to a wide variety of leukemia and tumor cell lines and to a minority of leukemia cells taken directly from patients. Fetal thymus and liver are strongly reactive as are some normal, immature hemopoietic cells and activated lymphocytes. Reactivity with OKT9 appears to correlate with proliferation status in both normal and malignant populations. Biochemical analysis indicates that this structure is a approximately equal to 180,000-dalton glycoprotein with two disulfide-bonded subunits of approximately equal to 90,000-daltons. Isolation of the transferrin receptor from a T-cell line (MOLT-4) indicates that it also has a dimeric approximately equal to 180,000-dalton structure. Radio-labeled transferrin bound to its receptors can be specifically precipitated by the monoclonal OKT9, although the latter does not bind transferrin itself, indicating that the antigenic structure defined by this antibody is likely to be the transferrin receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Factitious urticaria (dermographism): treatment by cimetidine and chlorpheniramine in a randomized double-blind study.

The HI-antihistamine chlorpheniramine and the H2-antihistamine cimetidine, given alone and in combination, have been compared with placebo in twenty patients with factitious urticaria (dermographism), in a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial. Of these regimes, the combination was the only treatment which significantly reduced weal size, flare size and duration of weal, compared with placebo, although other treatments approached statistical significance. Continuation of the most effective of the four treatments in nineteen of the patients for a further 3 months without breaking the randomization code provided further evidence of the great effectivness of combined cimetidine and chlorpheniramine. No significant side effects were note.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Inhibition of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in skin (DNCB test) by 8-methoxypsoralen photochemotherapy. Possible basis for pseudo-promoting action in skin carcinogenesis?

Fifty-five of a hundred and two subjects undergoing photochemotherapy with 8-methoxypsoralen and near ultraviolet showed an abnormally low or undetectable delayed cellular hypersensitivity reaction in the skin as judged by the dinitrochlorobenzene test. It is suggested that photochemotherapy may act as a pseudo-promotor by blocking an immunologically based control process in the skin so allowing the relatively rapid appearance of squamous skin tumours, documented elsewhere, in individuals whose skin already contains a population of potentially tumorous cells. Immune surveillance of a kind may thus operate in human skin. Impairment of delayed cellular hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene was more likely to occur with more intensive treatments and in patients with less skin pigmentation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Establishment and characterization of a new leukaemic T-cell line (Peer) with an unusual phenotype.

We report the isolation and establishment in continuous culture of a human lymphoid cell line (Peer) from a case of T-leukemia. The Peer cell line lacks some typical cell-surface properties of T cells, namely sheep erythrocyte rosette formation and reactivity with two anti-T-cell sera, but has focal acid phosphatase and does express two other T-cell antigens, one defined by a monoclonal antibody, the other related to a T-cell subset (TH2). The cells are negative for B-cell markers (SmIg or cytoplasmic mu Fcgamma and C3 receptors, mouse erythrocyte rosettes) and EBV (EBNA). In addition, the Peer cell does not possess the typical phenotypic markers of "non-B, non-T" leukemia: cALL and Ia-like antigens, and the cytoplasmic hexosaminidase isoenzyme I, but is positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase by enzymatic and immunofluorescent criteria. The cell line requires exogenous L-asparagine for adequate growth in culture, a property known to be characteristic of certain T cells but not of B cells. The Peer cell line appears to have a maturation arrest at a developmental stage intermediate between the cortical thymocyte and a mature T-cell subset and to have lost some T-cell differentiation features.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1980

Specific immunotherapy of acute lymphoid leukemia patients by REH cell line.

Of 25 patients with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) in remission who were submitted to immunotherapy with BCG plus irradiated REH cells, 17 had positive sera in microcytotoxicity against REH cells after immunization. The follow-up of 28 months indicates that the microcytotoxicity varies in the same patient and may become negative and positive again. The results obtained after convenient absorption of one positive serum strongly suggest that REH cells in leukemic patients can raise antibodies directed against an antigenic structure closely related to the cALL antigen. Moreover, REH cells demonstrate in vitro suppressive activity, which could be a common property of some subcategories of human ALL.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1980

Prostaglandins as mediators of bone resorption in renal and breast tumours.

Amounts of prostaglandin E and prostaglandin F have been measured by radioimmunoassay in extracts of renal cortical carcinoma and benign and malignant breast tumours after solvent extraction and column chromatography. 2. Substantial amounts of prostaglandin E were found in extracts of benign and malignant breast tumours and in renal tumours. Much lower amounts of prostaglandin F were present in all tumour types. 3. Co-cultivation of tumour explants with mouse calvaria led to significant bone resorption in 10 of 13 renal carcinomas, three of eight malignant breast tumours, and two of nine benign breast tumours. Tumours associated with bone resorption had higher concentrations of prostaglandin E in culture media at the end of incubation than did non-resorbers. 4. Indomethacin (14 mumol/1) greatly reduced bone resorption in the presence of the tumour, but this was not always complete, particularly with breast tumours. Indomethacin had no effect on prostaglandin-induced bone resorption. Theophylline (2.2 mmol/1) significantly increased prostaglandin E production and resorption by an effect on the tumour. 5. It is concluded that prostaglandins may be important in mediating the effects of renal cortical carcinoma and possibly breast cancer on bone destruction. A non-prostaglandin mechanism may also contribute to bone destruction by breast carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Hypercalcaemia in malignant lymphoma.

Three patients with malignant lymphoma complicated by hypercalaemia without radiological bone abnormality are described. The medical literature has been reviewed and the possible underlying mechansims discussed. The early diagnosis of this potentially fatal complication is important since this may respond (together with the underlying disease) to appropriate chemotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of photochemotherapy and dithranol in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis.

A two-centre trial has been carried out on 224 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis randomly allocated to treatment with a standard dithranol regimen of 8-methoxypsoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light (P.U.V.A.). Lesions in 91% of the 113 in the P.U.V.A. group cleared satisfactorily compared with 82% of 111 in the dithranol group, but clearing took longer (34.4 +/- 1.8 S.E. days) with P.U.V.A. than with dithranol (20.4 +/- 0.9 S.E. days). P.U.V.A. treatment took less patient-time and nurse-time and was more convenient and acceptable to the patients. Patients in whom lesions had failed to clear with dithranol, and some who had needed methotrexate for control, responded satisfactorily to P.U.V.A. A few patients who had failed on P.U.V.A. were treated with dithranol and responded to it. There is a case for the use of P.U.V.A. for patients who would otherwise require methotrexate and those who cannot be managed successfully with dithranol. There is also no reason to withhold P.U.V.A. in patients of 60 years or above with chronic plaque psoriasis. However, despite its superiority in terms of cost and patient acceptability, P.U.V.A. cannot be recommended as the first line of treatment for patients with uncomplicated, dithranol-responsive plaque psoriasis until there is more information on relapse-rate and toxicity.

Administration, Oral↗