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Biomedical subjects

M Graves

Publications and source records attributed to M Graves.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Magnetic resonance imaging volumetric measurements of the superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, frontal and temporal lobes in late paraphrenia.

Quantified magnetic resonance measurements were made of superior temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampal, frontal and temporal lobe volumes and of the planar area of the thalamus and basal ganglia structures in 47 late paraphrenic patients and 33 healthy elderly controls. The late paraphrenics were divided into 31 schizophrenics and 16 patients with delusional disorder according to ICD-10 guidelines. Patients with delusional disorder tended to have smaller left temporal volumes compared with control subjects and patients with schizophrenia, but this difference failed to reach accepted levels of statistical significance after correction for the effects of multiple statistical comparisons, age and total brain size. Physiological right-left asymmetry, reported for temporal and frontal lobe volumes, was present in control, schizophrenic and delusional disorder subjects but delusional disorder patients had a significantly greater degree of temporal lobe asymmetry. The results add to the evidence for heterogeneity among late-onset psychoses and emphasize the subtle nature of any structural brain abnormalities in these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Viewing genome data as objects for application development.

Genomics is becoming a data-intensive science, and an increasing number of laboratories are generating data which swamps storage in traditional paper-and-ink notebooks. Capturing the data flow requires large systems with multiple applications manipulating the same or similar data. Large systems often have conflicting requirements for data representation. Consistency across applications is a prime consideration, and appropriate data representation is an important issue in developing practical systems for molecular biologists. Graphs are a natural representation for describing genome data, while objects are good for modeling the behavior necessary for laboratory applications. We present a method for translating graph descriptions of genome data into objects using objects as views on graphs. Graph representations describe genome concepts while objects capture individual views for application development insuring consistency across genome applications.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1994

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging volumetry distinguishes delusional disorder from late-onset schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Late paraphrenia is recognised as a heterogeneous disorder. This is reflected by the division of such patients into schizophrenia and delusional disorder in ICD-10. Earlier imaging studies have suggested that major structural abnormalities may be associated with the onset of psychosis in later life. METHOD: Fifty late paraphrenics and 35 age-matched healthy controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging of the whole brain in the coronal plane. Measurements were made of intracranial and brain volumes and the volumes of the intracerebral and extracerebral cerebrospinal fluid spaces. RESULTS: No differences in intracranial, brain or extracerebral cerebrospinal fluid volumes between patients and controls were found. Late paraphrenic patients had greater lateral and third ventricle volumes than controls and the left lateral ventricle was larger than the right. When the patients were divided into appropriate ICD-10 diagnoses: paranoid schizophrenia (n = 31) and delusional disorder (n = 16), lateral ventricle volumes in the delusional disorder patients were much greater than those of the schizophrenics and almost twice those of controls. CONCLUSIONS: Structural brain differences underly diagnostic heterogeneity within late paraphrenia. The brains of late onset schizophrenics are only subtly different from those of healthy elderly individuals.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1993

Integrating order and distance relationships from heterogeneous maps.

There is no automatic mechanism to integrate information between heterogeneous genome maps. Currently, integration is a difficult, manual process. We have developed a process for knowledge base design, and we use this to integrate order and distance relationships between genetic linkage, radiation hybrid, and physical maps. Until now, the only way to develop a persistent, knowledge-intensive application was to either develop a new knowledge base from scratch or coerce the application to fit an existing knowledge base. This was not from lack of interest by the knowledge base or database community, but merely from a lack of theoretical tools powerful enough to tackle the problem. We import formalisms from knowledge representation, natural language semantics, programming language research, and databases. These form a strong, theoretical foundation for knowledge base design upon which we have implemented the knowledge base design tool called WEAVE.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1990

Transcription and sequence studies of a 4.3-kbp fragment from a ds-DNA eukaryotic algal virus.

A 4.3-kbp portion of the genome from the Chlorella virus, PBCV-1, has been cloned and sequenced. Minimally, five open reading frames (ORFs) were identified on this fragment. Transcriptional analysis indicates that each ORF encodes complex patterns of RNA. The total length of transcribed RNA exceeds that of the ORF indicating either post-transcriptional modification or multiple transcriptional start/stop sites. The sequence TTTTTNT, previously described as the transcriptional stop site for the early genes of vaccinia virus, is also found downstream of each of our ORFs. The regions 5' to each ORF were very A + T-rich (approx 80%) but distinct promoter sequences were not unambiguously identified.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: recent observations and comparisons with past experience.

To our previous report on the results of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis in 249 patients operated on between 1954 and 1981, we add a current review of 84 patients treated between 1982 and 1987. All patients underwent a median sternotomy, although this was performed after a bilateral submammary skin incision in most of the 57 female patients. There were no operative deaths, but one late death occurred at 5 months. During a mean followup of 3.6 years, 67 patients (80%) benefited from operation with remission achieved in 30 (36%) and improvement noted in 37 (44%). Acetylcholine receptor site antibody was present in 43 patients, of whom 19 (44%) achieved remission in contrast to 9 (27%) of the 33 patients without antibody. Hyperplasia of the excised thymus in 38 patients was associated with remission in 20 (53%) in contrast to remission in 7 (20%) of the 35 patients whose glands were "normal" or atrophic. The best prognosis was found in the 23 patients who had both receptor site antibody and thymic hyperplasia, as remission occurred in 15 of them (65%) in contrast to only 6 (27%) of the 22 patients who had neither factor. Remission rates (remissions per 1,000 patient-months of follow-up) for the present series (84 patients), the previous group (249 patients), and the overall group (333 patients) are 9.95, 6.13, and 6.62, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Development of antibody to measles virus polypeptides during complicated and uncomplicated measles virus infections.

Immune precipitation of 181 sera from 152 patients with natural measles was studied to determine the temporal course and frequency of antibody responses to nucleocapsid, fusion, hemagglutinin, and matrix proteins of measles virus. Large amounts of antibody to nucleocapsid protein developed in all patients by day one of the rash. Antibody to hemagglutinin and fusion proteins developed in all patients over the next 3 weeks, the former to high levels and the latter to low levels. Antibody to matrix protein developed to very low levels and was detectable in only 41% of the patients; this poor response to matrix protein was not correlated with the age of the patient or the acute neurological complications of measles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The little finger superficialis--clinical investigation of its anatomic and functional shortcomings.

Based on clinical experience in the treatment of isolated injury to the little finger profundus tendon, we hypothesized that the little finger superficialis is functionally deficient in a significant portion of the population. Five hundred twenty-six normal hands were examined using the standard superficialis test and a subset of two hundred four normal hands were again examined using a modified superficialis test. We found that 33.8% of the little finger superficialis tendons in the normal population could not achieve normal range of flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) when submitted to the standard superficialis test. When the ring finger was allowed to flex along with the little finger, many of the previously deficient appearing fingers achieved near normal PIP joint flexion; however, 15.7% of the population still showed significant superficialis deficiency in the little finger. This portion of the population risks complete loss of flexion at both interphalangeal joints in the event of isolated profundus disruption in the little finger.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Cell interactions between histoincompatible T and B lymphocytes. VII. Cooperative responses between lymphocytes are controlled by genes in the I region of the H-2 complex.

The results of this study provide compelling evidence for the existence of the gene or genes controlling optimal T-B-cell cooperative interactions in the designated I region of the H-2 gene complex. Previously, we have speculated that the relevant gene(s) involved may well be located in this region based on several observations from our earlier work in this area (3, 5, 6). Thus, in the preceding paper, we showed that T and B cells from B10.BR and A strain mice developed effective cooperative interactions in vitro to DNP-KLH in a system identical to the one reported herein. Since these mice differ for genes in the S and D regions of H-2 but are identical for K and I region genes, we were able to localize the critical genes to the K-end of H-2.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Cell interactions between histoincompatible T and B lymphocytes. VIII. In vivo cooperative responses between lymphocytes are controlled by genes in the K-end of the H-2 complex.

The genetic restrictions for successful carrier-primed T cell and hapten-primed B cell cooperative interactions were established in a totally in vivo double adoptive transfer system. In complementation experiments, we have demonstrated that genes localized in the K-end of the H-2 complex control successful T-B cell cooperative interactions. Thus, DBA/2 KLH-primed T cells cooperated with (C3H times C3H.OH)F1 and (C3H times C3H.OL)F1 DNP-primed B cells to make a secondary response to DNP-KLH, but not with (C3H times C3H.A)F1 DNP-PRImed cells. The presence of foreign histocompatibility determinants on the F1 B cells did not prevent successful physiologic cell cooperation provided the T and B cells shared common cell interaction genes coded for in the K-end of the H-2 complex.

Aminocaproates↗
PubMed1973

Purification of Hodgkin's disease tumor-associated antigens.

Two antigens that exist in high frequency in tumor tissues of patients with Hodgkin's disease have been obtained in relatively concentrated form. Extracts of Hodgkin's spleen tumor tissue, when subjected to chromatography on Sephadex G-200, separate into three major protein peaks of which only the first (peak I) possesses the predominant antigenic activities associated with the disease. Antigenic analysis performed with hyperimmune rabbit antisera obtained after repeated immunizations with peak I proteins demonstrated that this fraction contained both F and S antigens associated with Hodgkin's disease and small contaminant amounts of an antigen associated with normal lymphocytes. The tissue distribution patterns of the Hodgkin's disease tumor-associated antigens suggest that they both originate in lymphoid tissues and that the F antigen may represent a product of reactive lymphocytes while the S antigen may be a dedifferentiation antigen expressed in very immature lymphocytes.

Animals↗