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Biomedical subjects

M Grasl

Publications and source records attributed to M Grasl.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Sodium absorption and potassium secretion in rabbit colon during sodium deficiency.

Reducing the daily Na intake of rabbits from approximately 4.4 to 0.1 meq/kg body wt increases plasma aldosterone levels and the rate of amiloride-sensitive Na transport in the descending colon two- to threefold. The stimulation of Na transport is a result of an increase in the maximum transport capacity of the epithelium, whereas the affinity of Na to its transport system is not altered. Simultaneous with enhanced Na absorption, there is statistically significant K secretion of 0.25 mu eq . cm-2 . h-1 under short-circuit conditions. Transepithelial current-voltage relations in the absence and presence of amiloride were used to determine the Na permeability of the apical membrane and the intracellular Na activity of the Na-transporting cells. The Na content of the amiloride-sensitive cells was estimated from the kinetics of absorptive Na tracer fluxes. The stimulation of active Na transport under conditions of dietary Na restriction is associated with parallel increases in apical membrane Na permeability and the Na content of the amiloride-sensitive cells, but the intracellular Na activity and the activity of the epithelial Na-K-ATPase are not significantly altered. Taken together, these results suggest that endogenous aldosterone increases the number of conducting Na entry sites in the apical membrane of colonic epithelium and that there is activation of additional Na pump units in the basolateral membrane, brought about by cell swelling and possibly by an increase in the fraction of epithelial cells that participate in active Na transport.

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

[Radiotherapy of carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses].

Carcinomas of the paranasal sinuses are usually advanced when diagnosed and present a therapeutic challenge. During the period between February 1970 and June 1981 44 patients were treated. 22 received postoperative irradiation, seven in combination with chemotherapy. 18 patients were treated with radiation alone, eleven with concomitant chemotherapy. Four patients received preoperative irradiation, three in combination with chemotherapy. The three-year survival is 43% and the five-year survival 33%. For those 26 patients who were irradiated pre- or postoperatively with or without concomitant chemotherapy the five-year survival is 45%. We believe the patient will be afforded the greatest opportunity for cure with the combined efforts of the radiotherapist and the surgeon. The combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy did not provide better results but increased acute and chronic toxicity of the therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Value of free, microvascular anastomosis of a small intestine transplant in reconstructive surgery following resection of T4 tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract].

The jejunal graft with microsurgical vascular anastomoses is now recognised as one of the most reliable methods for reconstructing large and various defects of the upper aero-digestive tract. After resection of T4-tumours and reconstruction of phonation, deglutition and aesthetics 50% of our patients could be resocialized within the first postoperative month.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Jejunal grafts for reconstructing a phonatory neoglottis in laryngectomized patients.

After laryngopharyngectomy and reconstruction of the upper digestive tract, a free jejunal graft can be anastomosed in an isoperistaltic direction end-to-end to the trachea and the hypopharynx in order to form a shunt for vocal rehabilitation. Following placement of the shunt, no special care is required nor does any patient show any aspiration. Because of a low-flow resistance of the shunt, patients so treated possess long-lasting phonation with loud and modulated voices.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

[AIDS and the eye].

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a recently described irreversible dysfunction of cell-mediated immunity in homosexuals, intravenous, drug abusers, and hemophiliacs, with subsequent development of potentially lethal opportunistic infections and/or unusual neoplasms, such as Kaposi's sarcoma. A prospective evaluation of ophthalmic findings in 14 patients with AIDS revealed that 8 patients had ophthalmoscopically and biomicroscopically significant ocular abnormalities, including peripapillary cotton-wool spots of changing frequency and diameter, retinal hemorrhages, progressive cytomegaly virus (CMV) retinitis, acute destructive retinal necrosis, periphlebitis, CMV conjunctivitis and keratitis, and in one patient a conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma. All patients with AIDS and abnormal ocular findings carry a poor prognosis. Early detection of ocular manifestations is important, since most patients with AIDS are visually asymptomatic, and the ophthalmic presentation may be the primary one, and the initiating contact leading to diagnosis and permitting the prognosis to be assessed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

[Value of ultrasound study in lymphomas of the neck].

In order to determine the value of high resolution ultrasonic procedures in the diagnosis of lymphomas of the neck, a comparative study of palpation, sonography and the surgical findings was undertaken. 42 patients were studied and 210 criteria evaluated. The error incidence was found to be 23.8% for palpation, 4.8% for the sonography and 1% for the combination of the two methods. The suprasonic procedure can detect a lymphoma from 5 mm. on, whereas palpation is only possible upward of 15 mm. Therefore, high resolution sonography enables a more precise evaluation and diagnosis of lymphomas of the neck. It facilitates the locating of the lymphomas during surgery and also allows the differentiation to the large vessels of the neck preoperatively. Thus, sonography of the neck is of high informative value there is no physical inconvenience or stress for the patient, and it is easy and quick to administer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Stimulation of electrolyte secretion in rabbit colon by adenosine.

Serosal addition of adenosine after inhibition of adenosine deaminase with deoxycoformycin increases short-circuit current (Isc) and tissue conductance of isolated epithelia of rabbit descending colon. In the presence of Cl this increase in Isc results from a reversal of electrically neutral Cl absorption to rheogenic Cl secretion. When Cl is absent the stimulating effect of adenosine on Isc is reduced to one-third and appears to be brought about by HCO3 secretion. Under all conditions active Na transport remains unaltered. Adenosine-induced electrolyte secretion is markedly decreased by serosal addition of furosemide and depends on the presence of Na on the serosal side of the tissue. The stoichiometry of the interaction of Na and Cl with the basolateral Cl entry mechanism appears to be 1:1. Under Na-free conditions adenosine elicits a current transient which is carried by Cl ions and which is not inhibited by furosemide. Hence this current transient seems to be brought about by rheogenic apical Cl efflux. All these findings suggest that the conductive step in transepithelial Cl secretion resides in the apical membrane. Hyperpolarization of the Na-transporting cells by luminal addition of amiloride does not enhance electrolyte secretion. The site of action of adenosine is the extracellular surface of the basolateral membrane, because (a) luminal addition of adenosine is ineffective, (b) nitrobenzylmercaptopurineriboside, a blocker of cellular nucleoside uptake, augments the effect of serosal adenosine, and (c) the intracellular metabolites of adenosine do not mediate the effect. From the rank-order of potency of adenosine and its analogues 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine and N6-cyclohexyladenosine it is concluded that the adenosine receptors involved in electrolyte secretion are of the Ra subtype. Theophylline partially inhibits the secretory effect. The intracellular mediator of adenosine appears to be cyclic AMP and/or cyclic GMP, since the tissue levels of both compounds are rapidly elevated after addition of adenosine and both cyclic AMP and cyclic 8-bromo-GMP are able to mimic the adenosine action.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1984

[Therapy of otogenic and rhinogenic meningitis].

There is no clear statement in literature on the problem of indication for surgery in cases of otogenic or rhinogenic meningitis. It is the aim of the present study to determine if and under what conditions conservative therapy alone is efficient and when surgery is absolutely indicated. The cases of 115 patients with endocranial complications, who were treated at our clinic over a period of 22 years, were evaluated; their number per year is significantly continually decreasing. The patients were subdivided into four groups: 1. otogenic/operated, 2. otogenic/non-operated, 3. rhinogenic/operated, 4. rhinogenic/non-operated. The individual groups were then compared in respect of 8 different parameters. The main cause of the disease in Group 1 was the chronic inflammation, in Groups 2 and 3 the acute inflammation and in Group 4 the new trauma. The status localis, the state of consciousness and the number of liquor cells were the most important parameters for establishing the diagnosis "meningitis", while the rigidity of the neck, the body temperature and the x-ray film yielded less reliable findings. On the basis of the results of our study we come to the conclusion that cause and progress of meningitis are decisive factors for the indication for surgery. We consider that immediate surgery (with high doses of antibiotics) is necessary in unconscious patients and in chronic inflammations as the cause of the meningitis. In all other cases treatment should be effected consisting of high doses of antibiotics, with thorough observation of the patients, and the patient should be operated on only if the disease aggravates or fails to improve within the first few days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Functional results of tympanum drainage in chronic seromuco-tympanum--Clinical course up to 2 years following the operation].

The hearing capacity of 95 children with chronic seromuco-tympanum (SMT) treated with middle-ear ventilation tubes was studied preoperatively and for a period of up to two years after the operation. A total of 510 audiograms with the threshold of air conduction and bone conduction were evaluated. The pre-surgery audiogram shows on the average an air-bone gap of 30 dB. In the first post-surgery audiogram the air-bone gap was improved on the average by 15-20 dB. The observation carried out over a period of two years shows that in general this improvement of the hearing capacity is preserved. The treatment of SMT by middle-ear ventilation tubes and the resulting improvement of the hearing capacity prevents the negative effects on children's acquisition of speech and on their intellectual development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Does tissue ATP content limit active sodium transport across intestinal epithelia in vitro?

The ATP content of isolated epithelia of rabbit descending colon, incubated in oxygenated Ringer solution containing glucose, is increased by addition of 1 mM adenosine from 10.9 +/- 1.4 to 22.2 +/- 2.3 pmoles/mg, but the transport rate of the Na pump is not altered. It is therefore concluded that epithelial ATP synthesis is not rate-limiting for Na transport in this tissue under conditions of in vitro aerobic incubation.

Adenosine↗