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Biomedical subjects

M Grandien

Publications and source records attributed to M Grandien.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Viral pathogens and clinical manifestations associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in children of the Sudan.

BACKGROUND: Incomplete knowledge regarding the viral agents causing respiratory infections in children living in developing countries impedes diagnosis and management of patients. OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of viral pathogens in Sudanese children presenting with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI). STUDY DESIGN: The study population consisted of patients presenting with ALRI at the Children's Emergency Hospital in Khartoum during 2 periods (December 1987 to April 1988 and September 1990 to March 1991). Identification of viral infections was based an antigen detection by immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on nasopharyngeal secretions and/or serology. RESULTS: After exclusion of children with measles, 102 and 111 children, respectively, were prospectively enrolled in the study during the 2 periods. Their ages ranged between one mouth and 14 years (mean 2.0 years). Radiologic pulmonary infiltrations were detected in 135 (66%) of the 206 patients who had chest radiographs, whereas 7 (3%) showed lobar pneumonia. The case fatality rate was 2.3%. Of 83 virus infections detected, 79 were in children < years and consisted mainly of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 28%), followed by parainfluenza (7%), adenovirus (5%) and influenza A (2%). Infiltrates on radiographs were significantly less often found in virus-infected cases than in ALRI-cases with negative virus tests. CONCLUSIONS: RSV predominantly infected young infants (</= 3 months) compared with those who were 5 years or older (28% and 13%, respectively). A tendency for respiratory viruses to be more prevalent was seen during the cooler months (January and February). There were no significant differences in clinical features between virus-positive cases and others. The panorama of viral infections proved to be the same as in other developing countries.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Nested PCR for detection of BK virus and JC virus DNA.

BACKGROUND: A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to detect BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) DNA sequences. The unique clevage site for BamHI restriction enzyme was located in the JCV amplimer and cleavage was used to differentiate between BKV and JCV. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-three urine specimens from 17 bone marrow recipients with haemorrhagic cystitis and one liver transplant patient were tested for the presence of BKV and JCV DNA. Four brain tissue specimens (paraffin embedded brain tissues and a fresh frozen brain biopsy) and 5 cerebrospinal fluids from 3 AIDS patients and one liver transplant patient, all with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), were also examined by PCR. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the PCR was 10 genomes for each virus. BKV DNA was detected in 15 urine specimens from 12 bone marrow transplant patients. JCV DNA was detected in 4 cerebrospinal fluids and 4 brain tissues from patients with PML. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the nested PCR is a sensitive and rapid assay that can be used for diagnosis of BKV and JCV infections. The cerebrospinal fluid appears to be a suitable material for diagnosis of JC virus reactivation in the brain.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Nested PCR for detection of BK virus and JC virus DNA.

BACKGROUND: A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to detect BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) DNA sequences. The unique clevage site for BamHI restriction enzyme was located in teh JCV amplimer and cleavage was used to differentiate between BKV and JCV. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-three urine specimens from 17 bone marrow recipients with haemorrhagic cystitis and one liver transplant patient were tested for the presence of BKV and JCV DNA. Four brain tissue specimens (paraffin embedded brain tissues and a fresh frozen brain biopsy) and 5 cerebrospinal fluids from 3 AIDS patients and one liver transplant patient, all with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), were also examined by PCR. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the PCR was 10 genomes for each virus. BKV DNA was detected in 15 urine specimens from 12 bone marrow transplant patients. JCV DNA was detected in 4 cerebrospinal fluids and 4 brain tissues from patients with PML. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the nested PCR is a sensitive and rapid assay that can be used for diagnosis of BKV and JCV infections.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

[BK and JC viruses--2 polyomaviruses causing disease in immunosuppressed patients].

BK and JC viruses are two polyoma viruses designated by the initials of the patients from whom they were first isolated. After the primary infection, usually occurring in childhood or early school age, the viruses become latent. Reactivation occurs during immunosuppression, and the BK virus has been shown to be the main cause of viral hemorrhagic cystitis in bone marrow transplanted patients, while the JC virus has been found to cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, PML. The paper consists in a report of results obtained with an established method for the amplification of BK and JC virus DNA. Of 20 urine specimens from patients with hemorrhagic cystitis, 13 were found to be BK virus-positive. Post-transplantation follow-up shows that the virus continues to remain detectable for long periods. JC virus positivity was found in central nervous system material (a cerebrospinal spinal fluid specimen in one case) from two PML patients.

BK Virus↗
PubMed1991

[Influenza and death. High mortality not only due to the great epidemics].

Excess mortality in a population is one of the hallmarks of an influenza epidemic. Apart from the pandemic years, 1918-1919, 1957 and 1968-1969, annual excess mortality has occurred 16 times in Sweden during the period 1911-1988. An unusually high mortality was caused by Influenza A Sichuan 2/87 (H3N2), the unexpected appearance of which at the beginning of November 1988 started an intensive epidemic in Sweden, while other European countries had a relatively mild influenza season. Swedish deaths in December totalled 10,500-2,200 more than expected; age groups over 65 years accounted for 95 per cent of the mortality, and those over 80 (N = 350,000 in Sweden) for 1,400 deaths. 0.4 percent of those over 80 died. The excess mortality is to be explained by the high proportion of the elderly in the Swedish population and the very low rate of influenza vaccination before the outbreak. As the increase in the proportion of the very elderly can be expected to continue, future influenza epidemics will result in even higher mortality unless adequate prophylactic measures are taken.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and virus isolation for detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions.

Nasopharyngeal secretions obtained from 94 children with acute respiratory illness were examined for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and influenza virus type A by virus culturing (virus isolation technique [VIT]), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Similar results were obtained in at least two tests for RSV, influenza virus type A, and adenovirus in 92 (97.9%), 88 (93.6%), and 88 (93.6%) cases, respectively. Both rapid virus detection methods showed good specificity for the diagnosis of these virus infections (greater than or equal to 90.7%) and were more sensitive than was VIT for RSV detection. In a more accurate statistical analysis, the indexes of agreement between VIT and ELISA were substantial for RSV (kappa = 0.69; zeta = 5.5; P less than 0.0001), influenza virus type A (kappa = 0.67; zeta = 5.3; P less than 0.0001), and adenovirus (kappa = 0.71; zeta = 6.0; P less than 0.0001), while it was almost perfect for RSV when ELISA was compared with IFA (kappa = 0.88; zeta = 5.7; P less than 0.0001). Although the observed agreement was good in the comparison of these two tests for these three viruses (89%0, the indexes of agreement were moderate in the comparison of IFA and VIT for RSV (K = 0.55; Z = 2.0; P < 0.05), influenza virus type A (K = 0.42; Z = 9.7; P < 0.0001), and adenovirus (K = 0.41; Z = 6.5; P < 0.0001) and of ELISA and IFA for influenza virus type A (K = 0.55; Z = 7.0; P < 0.0001) and adenovirus (K = 0.59; Z = 6.8; P < 0.0001). All of the statistical evaluations demonstrated better agreement between ELISA and VIT for influenza virus type A and adenovirus.

Adenoviruses, Human↗